GLOSSARY
Accession
CRC Article = 48
Note:
Article 47 of the CRC provides that the CRC is subject to ratification, and Article 48 provides that the CRC remains open for accession by any State. To become a Party to the CRC, a State must therefore either ratify or accede to the CRC. Ratification and accession both refer to the act whereby the competent authorities of the State express their consent to be bound by the CRC. The only difference is that ratification applies to those States that have signed the CRC and accession applies to those States that have not. The instruments of ratification or accession are to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. As at 10 March 1995, the CRC had been ratified or acceded to by 170 States.
See also:
Denunciation Depositary Entry into force Ratification Signature
Accident prevention
CRC Article = 24(2)(e)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to health services, States Parties are required to take appropriate measures to ensure that all segments of society, in particular parents and children, are informed, have access to education and are supported in the use of basic knowledge of accident prevention or child safety.
See also:
Health and health services Health education
Accompanied refugee children
CRC Article = 22
Note:
Article 22 of the CRC accords special rights to children who are seeking refugee status outside the country of their nationality or former habitual residence or who are considered a refugee in accordance with applicable international or domestic law and procedures, whether accompanied or unaccompanied by their parents or by any other person.
See also:
Refugee children Refugee status Unaccompanied refugee children
Accusations
CRC Article = 40(2)(b)(ii)
Note:
Article 40(2)(b)(ii) accords to the accused child the right to be informed promptly and directly of the charges against him or her.
See also:
Accused children Administration of Juvenile Justice Assistance of an interpreter Defence Due process Fair trial
Accused children
CRC Article = 40
Note:
Article 40 of the CRC accords special rights to children alleged as or accused of having infringed the penal law.
See also:
Access to court Accusations Administration of Juvenile Justice Assistance of an interpreter Capital punishment Convicted children Defence Determination of criminal charges Due process Examination of witnesses Fair trial Impartial and independent authority Independent and impartial authority Judicial body Legal assistance Life imprisonment Nullum crimen sine lege Offence Presumption of innocence Privacy of accused children Prompt trial Self-incriminating evidence Treatment of accused children Trial in the presence of legal assistance Trial in the presence of parents
Adequate nutrition
CRC Article = 27(1)(3)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of every child to an adequate standard of living, States Parties are required to provide material assistance and support programmes for families in need, particularly with regard to nutrition, clothing and housing.
See also:
Adequate standard of living Child health and nutrition Malnutrition Material assistance Survival and development
Adequate standard of living
CRC Article = 27(1)(2)(3)
Note:
The right of every child to a standard of living adequate for the child's physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development is recognized in Article 27 of the CRC.
See also:
Adequate nutrition Family assistance Maintenance obligations Material assistance Survival and development
Administration of Juvenile Justice
CRC Article = 40
Note:
Article 40 of the CRC deals with the obligations of States Parties concerning the administration of juvenile justice. Of particular relevance to the implementation of this provision are the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (1985), known as the Beijing Rules. Noteworthy are also the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (1990) and the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (1990).
See also:
Access to court Accusations Accused children Appeal Assistance of an interpreter Convicted children Defence Determination of criminal charges Diversions Due process Examination of witnesses Fair trial Impartial and independent authority Independent and impartial authority Judicial body Juvenile delinquency Juvenile justice Juvenile offenders Legal assistance Minimum age for criminal responsibility Non-custodial measures Nullum crimen sine lege Offence Presumption of innocence Prevention of juvenile delinquency Privacy of accused children Prompt trial Self-incriminating evidence Treatment of accused children Treatment of convicted children Trial in the presence of legal assistance Trial in the presence of parents
Adoption
CRC Article = 20(3); 21
Note:
Adoption is an alternative means of care for children permanently deprived of their family environment. Full adoption aims to provide such a child with all of the rights relating to his or her adoptive parents as if the child had been born to them. In addition, it places on the adoptive parents equal parental responsibility to that of biological parents. Article 21 of the CRC provides that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration in adoption, and deals with the safeguards and standards to be ensured by those States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption, covering both national adoption and intercountry adoption.
See also:
Alternative care Children deprived of their family environment Inter-country adoption Intercountry adoption Judicial review National adoption Procedures