GLOSSARY
Forced labour
Note:
Forced or compulsory labour is work or service involuntarily exacted from adults or children under the menace of any penalty. Article 32 of the CRC dealing with protection against economic exploitation and Article 36 dealing with protection against all forms of exploitation can be invoked. Military service is generally excluded under international law from constituting forced labour. Relevant provisions of international instruments include: Article 8(3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966); Article 6(2) of the American Convention on Human Rights (1969); Article 4(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights (1950); Article 5 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981); and Article 2(a) of the ILO Convention No. 105 Concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour (1957). Consider also the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956).
See also:
Bonded labour Child labour Economic exploitation Exploitation Slavery
Foster placement
CRC Article = 20(3)
Note:
Article 20(3) of the CRC provides that alternative care for children deprived of their family environment could include, inter alia, foster placement, kafala of Islamic law, adoption or if necessary placement in institutions for the care of children. Noteworthy is the Declaration on Social and Legal Principles Relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children with Special Reference to Foster Placement and Adoption, which was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1986.
See also:
Adoption Alternative care Children deprived of their family environment Kafala Periodic review of placement Placement in institutions
Free education
CRC Article = 28(1)(a)(b)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of the child to education, States Parties are required to make primary education compulsory and available free to all. In addition, States Parties are required to take appropriate measures, including the introduction of free education, to make secondary education available and accessible to every child.
See also:
Compulsory education Education Education assistance Primary education Secondary education
Freedom of assembly
CRC Article = 15
Note:
The right of the child to peaceful assembly is recognized in Article 15 of the CRC.
See also:
Freedom of association Restrictions of rights
Freedom of association
CRC Article = 15
Note:
The right of the child to freedom of association is recognized in Article 15 the CRC. The right to freedom of association embraces the notion of coming together for the purposes of a common goal, for example, the freedom to associate in a wide variety of voluntary organizations from scouting and guiding to campaigning for peace and to establish a school union.
See also:
Freedom of assembly Restrictions of rights Trade unions
Freedom of conscience
CRC Article = 14(1)
Note:
States Parties are required to respect the right of the child to freedom of thought and conscience.
See also:
Freedom of religion
Freedom of expression
CRC Article = 13
Note:
The right of the child to freedom of expression includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any media of the child's choice.
See also:
Appropriate information Freedom of information Respect for the views of the child Restrictions of rights
Freedom of information
CRC Article = 13
Note:
The right of the child to freedom of expression includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any media of the child's choice.
See also:
Appropriate information Children's books Freedom of expression Information and international co-operation Information and linguistic minority children Injurious information Mass media