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Poverty

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L’analyse du chevauchement des privations multiples (MODA): Directives étape par étape
L’analyse du chevauchement des privations multiples (MODA) est une méthodologie de l’UNICEF qui propose une approche globale des aspects multidimensionnels ...

Approaches towards Inequality and Inequity: Concepts, measures and policies
This paper analyses the different concepts of inequality, in particular differentiating individual, or vertical, and group, or horizontal, inequality, ...

The Australian Household Stimulus Package: Lessons from the recent economic crisis
As in other developed countries, the recent economic crisis affected the Australian economy. Nonetheless, while the OECD countries recorded a drop of ...

Best of UNICEF Research 2021
Best of UNICEF Research showcases the most rigorous, innovative and impactful research produced by UNICEF offices worldwide. While evidence highlights ...

Can social assistance (with a child lens) help in reducing urban poverty in Ghana? Evidence, challenges and the way forward
Experience with urban social assistance programmes is still limited. Many of the existing urban programmes are extensions or duplicates of rural programmes, ...

Cash Transfers and Climate-resilient Development: Evidence from Zambia’s Child Grant Programme
Many of the coping strategies the rural poor use to cope with failed harvests and other negative income shocks, such as reducing food consumption, selling ...

Child Deprivation, Multidimensional Poverty and Monetary Poverty in Europe
The paper focuses on child deprivation in Europe and studies the degree to which it is experienced by children in 29 countries using a child specific ...

Child Poverty and Deprivation in Mali: The first national estimates
This study provides the first ever estimates of national child deprivation rates in Mali using the Multiple Overlapping Deprivations Approach (MODA) pioneered ...

Child Poverty and Material Deprivation in the European Union during the Great Recession
This paper investigates the effect of the economic crisis on child poverty and material deprivation across the EU-28 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. ...

Child Poverty in English-Speaking Countries
The paper considers child poverty in rich English-speaking countries - U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the U.K. and Ireland. It is sometimes assumed ...

Child Well-being in Rich Countries: Comparing Japan (Japanese version)
This report is a Japanese version of the UNICEF Innocenti Report Card 11. In the original report, Japan was not included in the league table of child ...

Childhood Poverty and Education in Bangladesh: Policy implications for disadvantaged children
This paper offers a theoretical understanding of childhood poverty and educational exclusion, building on the empirical findings of fieldwork carried ...

Children and the Cost-of-living Crisis: How food and energy inflation has increased poverty in households with children in the European Union
Children and families throughout the European Union are facing a cost-of-living crisis that has eroded living standards to such an extent that up to an ...

The Children Left Behind: A league table of inequality in child well-being in the world's rich countries
This Report Card presents a first overview of inequalities in child well-being for 24 of the world’s richest countries. Three dimensions of inequality ...

Comparing Child-focused SDGs in High-income Countries: Indicator development and overview
The new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aim to build on the achievements made under the UN Millennium ...

Cross-Country MODA Study: Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA). Technical Note
This technical note refers to a special application of MODA, and applies a multidimensional deprivation analysis to a cross-country setting (CC-MODA). ...

Demographic Impact of Sudden Impoverishment: Eastern Europe during the 1989-94 transition
An alarming drop in population numbers has been observed in many of the transitional countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Bloc since the ...

The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Industrialised Countries
This unique study goes beyond the standard analysis of child poverty based on poverty rates at one point in time and documents how much movement into ...

Education, Urban Poverty and Migration: Evidence from Bangladesh and Vietnam
Despite the acknowledged importance and large scale of rural-urban migration in many developing countries, few studies have compared education outcomes ...

Étude transnationale MODA : Analyse du chevauchement des privations multiples (MODA) - Note technique
Cette note technique fait référence à une application spéciale de MODA et applique une analyse de privation multidimensionnelle à un cadre transnational ...

The Fiscal System, Adjustment and the Poor

Household Welfare Measurement in Bangladesh: A tale of two short consumption modules
The aim of the paper is to understand how short consumption modules fare relative to a longer and more detailed consumption module in terms of the accuracy ...

How Inequalities Develop through Childhood: Life course evidence from the Young Lives cohort study
Tackling poverty and inequalities is now embedded within the mandates of governments and organizations worldwide. UNICEF has been a leader on this, and ...

Income Distribution, Poverty and Welfare in Transitional Economies: A comparison between Eastern Europe and China

L'infanzia urbana tra povertà ed esclusione sociale
Le città del mondo sono spesso considerate luoghi in cui abbonda la ricchezza e il privilegio. Esse ospitano però centinaia di milioni di bambini per ...

Initial Research Findings on Adolescent Well-being from the Office of Research – Innocenti
This research programme aims to advance global understanding of social and structural determinants of adolescent well-being. The multi-donor research ...

Innocenti Social Monitor 2003 (Russian Version)
Social Monitor 2003 includes a Statistical Annex covering a broad range of indicators for the years 1989 to 2000-2002, including population trends, births ...

A Lifeline at Risk: COVID-19, Remittances and Children
This briefing paper outlines the potential risks of reduction in remittances due to the pandemic for children in households receiving remittances and ...

Linking Social Rights to Active Citizenship for the Most Vulnerable: The role of rights and accountability in the 'making and 'shaping' of social protection
The rise of social protection into the limelight of social policy has opened up space for understanding how it can act as a key interface between states ...

Lost (in) Dimensions: Consolidating progress in multidimensional poverty research
This paper reviews the insights of various contributions from research into multidimensional poverty and deprivation and combines them into an internally ...

Macroeconomic Policy, Poverty Alleviation and Long-term Development: Latin America in the 1990s
This Innocenti Occasional Paper examines the social and economic dynamics of poverty in Latin America from the late 1970s onward. The author’s analysis ...

Making the Investment Case for Social Protection: Methodological challenges with lessons learnt from a recent study in Cambodia
The focus in this paper is on non-contributory social transfers which are considered to be the main social protection instruments targeted specifically ...

Measuring Child Poverty: New league tables of child poverty in the world's rich countries
This report sets out the latest internationally comparable data on child deprivation and relative child poverty. Taken together, these two different measures ...

Measuring Household Welfare: Short versus long consumption modules
Consumption expenditure is probably the most common and preferred welfare indicator; however, its measurement is a challenging and time-consuming task. ...

Medición de la pobreza infantil: Nuevas tablas clasificatorias de la pobreza infantil en los países ricos del mundo
En el presente informe se incluyen los datos más recientes comparables a nivel internacional sobre privación infantil y pobreza infantil relativa. Tomadas ...

Mesurer la pauvreté des enfants : Nouveaux tableaux de classement de la pauvreté des enfants dans les pays riches
Le présent rapport présente les dernières données comparables à l’échelle internationale sur les privations et la pauvreté relative des enfants. Réunies, ...

Misurare la povertà tra I bambini e gli adolescenti: Un nuovo quadro comparativo della povertà infantile in alcuni paesi a reddito medio-alto
Questo rapporto presenta gli ultimi dati comparabili a livello internazionale sulla deprivazione materiale e sulla povertà tra i bambini e gli adolescenti. ...

Monitoring the Social Costs of Climate Change for Low- and Middle-income Countries
This policy brief is the third in a series that assesses key issues affecting social spending as part of UNICEF’s work on Public Finance for Children. ...

The Outcomes of Teenage Motherhood in Europe
This paper analyses the current situation of women whose first child was born when they were teenagers, across 13 countries in the European Union, based ...

Pobreza y exclusión entre niños urbanos
Las ciudades del mundo a menudo son consideradas como centros privilegiados y de riqueza pero también acogen a cientos de millones de niños para quienes ...

Poverty and Children’s Cognitive Trajectories: Evidence from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
Existing evidence is inconclusive on whether a socio-economic gradient in children’s cognitive ability widens, narrows or remains stable over time and ...

Poverty and Exclusion among Urban Children - Arabic version
The cities of the world are often regarded as hubs of wealth and privilege, but they are also home to hundreds of millions of children for whom poverty ...

Poverty and Exclusion among Urban Children
The cities of the world are often regarded as hubs of wealth and privilege, but they are also home to hundreds of millions of children for whom poverty ...

Poverty, Children and Policy: Responses for a brighter future
Despite improved economic performance in Central and Eastern Europe in 1994 and 1995, there was still no clear and comprehensive evidence that the welfare ...

Poverty, Children and Policy: Responses for a brighter future (Russian version)
Despite improved economic performance in Central and Eastern Europe in 1994 and 1995, there was still no clear and comprehensive evidence that the welfare ...

Social Transfers and Child Protection
The study identifies and evaluates three possible channels through which social transfers can influence child protection outcomes: direct effects observed ...

Step-by-Step Guidelines to the Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA)
These guidelines present a detailed step-by-step procedure of how to carry out a multiple overlapping deprivation analysis. They aim at providing technical ...

Sustainable Development Goal 1.2: Multidimensional child poverty in the European Union
The new universal Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for “reducing at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living ...

The Consequences of the Recent Economic Crisis and Government Reactions for Children
During the late 2000s, European countries were affected by an economic crisis considered the most severe since the Second World War. However, not all ...

The Transition in Georgia: From collapse to optimism
This working paper documents the economic and social crises in Georgia during the 1990s, their structural causes and the survival strategies adopted by ...