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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Food insecurity and affecting factors in households with children during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Gizem Deniz Bulucu Büyüksoy; Aslıhan Çatıker; Kamuran Özdil

Published: June 2021   Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

This study aims to examine the incidence of food insecurity and affecting factors in households with children in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were recruited by the snowball sampling method and the data were collected via a link sent to their smart mobile phones through their social media accounts. This study included 211 households with at least one child.

Experiences of remote education during COVID-19 and its relationship to the mental health of primary school children

AUTHOR(S)
Jennifer McMahon; Elaine A. Gallagher; Eibhlín H. Walsh (et al.)

Published: June 2021   Journal: Irish Educational Studies
The aim of the present study is to describe how parents and primary school children dealt with the rapid and significant changes to their schooling experience during COVID-19 and how this correlated with children's mental health. A cross-sectional study comprising an online survey was completed by 797 parents of children from 4–12 years, (M = 9 years). School variables explored included school expectations for schoolwork, how much time per day spent on schoolwork, how able parents were to support their child with schoolwork, whether a child had support from an adult at school and whether the child had support from a friend. Child mental health was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Regression analysis indicated that parents’ ability to support their child with schoolwork was correlated with child mental health status. Further analysis indicated the association between ability to support their child with schoolwork and child mental health status was mediated by parental psychological distress. These findings reinforce the importance of parents as a link between schools and students during the pandemic. Implications for educational policy are discussed.
Experiences of mothers caring for a child with an intellectual disability during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands

AUTHOR(S)
P. Embregts; L. Heerkens; N. Frielink (et al.)

Published: June 2021   Journal: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
During the first COVID-19 lockdown period, various restrictions led to diminished access to both educational and professional support systems for children with an intellectual disability and their families. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and needs of parents caring for a child with an intellectual disability during the first lockdown period in the Netherlands.
Evaluation of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in utero: nine pregnant women and their newborns

AUTHOR(S)
Liang Dong; Shiyao Pei; Qin Ren (et al.)

Published: June 2021   Journal: Placenta
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mainly transmitted by droplets and close contact, has caused a pandemic worldwide as of March 2020. According to the current case reports and cohort studies, the symptoms of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were similar to normal adults and may cause a series of adverse consequences of pregnancy (placental abruption, fetal distress, epilepsy during pregnancy, etc.). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to the fetus through the placental barrier is still a focus of debate.
Emotion regulation and distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of childhood abuse

AUTHOR(S)
Alana Siegel; Yael Lahav

Published: June 2021   Journal: Journal of Interpersonal Violence
The COVID-19 pandemic may be experienced as traumatogenic and may fuel or exacerbate psychological distress and trauma-related symptoms. Based on trauma research, one might expect that survivors of childhood abuse would be susceptible to these negative outcomes during the pandemic, and that among this population a stronger relation between emotion regulation difficulties and symptomatology would be found. Aiming to explore these suppositions, an online survey was conducted among 710 Israeli adults. Of them, 370 were childhood abuse survivors. A history of childhood abuse, COVID-19-related stressors, overall psychological distress, and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic were assessed via self-report measures. Participants with a history of childhood abuse had elevated overall psychological distress as well as peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic, compared to nonabused participants, above and beyond demographic characteristics and COVID-19-related stressors.
Emerging and re-emerging infections in children: COVID/ MIS-C, Zika, Ebola, Measles, Varicella, Pertussis ... immunizations

AUTHOR(S)
Carol C. Chen; Anne Whitehead

Published: June 2021   Journal: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

Although the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) seems to be less common and less severe in children, it remains unclear what role pediatric populations play in the spread of the virus. The understanding of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is continuing to evolve, and guidelines for evaluation and treatment may depend on local and institutional recommendations. Emergency providers can play an important role in advocating for public health in the form of vaccine advocacy and education. While still rare, emergency providers must also consider nonendemic, mostly tropical infections in children presenting with fever who are recently returning from international travel.

Effects of Covid-19 confinement on the mental health of children and adolescents in Spain

AUTHOR(S)
Juan Pablo Pizarro-Ruiz; Nuria Ordóñez-Camblor

Published: June 2021   Journal: Scientific Reports
In Spain, in order to control COVID-19 transmission, one of the strictest confinement measures in the world for children and teenagers has been implemented. From 14 March to 26 April 2020 underage Spaniards were not allowed to leave their homes, except for reasons of force majeure. This could have consequences on their mental health in both the short and the long term. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the consequences of confinement on the mental health of Spanish children and teenagers, at the time when minors had been locked down in their homes between 8 and 10 days. The sample was composed of 590 confined Spanish children and teenagers between 8 and 18 years old. The scales of Depression, Self-esteem, Anxiety, Problems with Emotional Regulation, Rage Control Problems, Integration and Social Competence, Somatic Complaints, Rebellious Behaviour, as well as Awareness of the Problems of the Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (SENA) were used.
Effect of the COVID-19 quarantine on metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

AUTHOR(S)
Hande Turan; Didem Kaya Güneş; Gürkan Tarçın (et al.)

Published: June 2021   Journal: Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición

Metabolic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) depends on many factors such as eating habits, exercise and lifestyle. The objective of this study was to investigate how these factors were affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and impacted metabolic control in children with T1D. One hundred children with T1D were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements, snack and meal frequency, carbohydrate consumption, HbA1c levels, and exercise patterns were recorded and compared before and after the lockdown. Subjects were divided into two subgroups — patients with decreased and patients with increased HbA1c levels after the lockdown — and comparisons of the same parameters were also made between these two subgroups.

Education for children's rights in Ireland before, during and after the pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Benjamin Mallon; Gabriela Martinez-Sainz

Published: June 2021   Journal: Irish Educational Studies
This paper analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the ‘education rights’ of children in the Irish context, with a particular focus on children's/human rights education (C/HRE). C/HRE can support children and young people to understand and explore the issues which limit people's lives and consider actions to uphold their own rights and the rights of others. The breadth and depth of the provision of HRE can be considered across ‘education about rights’ (including knowledge and understanding of human rights values, norms and frameworks), ‘education through rights’ (rights respecting educational approaches) and ‘education for rights’ (empowerment to realising and upholding rights) (UN 2011). The paper situates this framework against three additional dimensions. Firstly, it considers the children's rights issues within a historical national context. Secondly, it explores the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education rights of children in Ireland. Finally, with a future orientation, the paper considers how C/HRE can strengthen education, meeting the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic, the legacies of longstanding children's rights issues, and future human rights challenges.
Early childhood educators’ perceptions of their emotional state, relationships with parents, challenges, and opportunities during the early stage of the pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Nathalie Bigras; Lise Lemay; Joanne Lehrer (et al.)

Published: June 2021   Journal: Early Childhood Education Journal
This article presents a study about the impact of COVID-19 on childcare center educators in Quebec (Canada). Regulated childcare services were closed due to the pandemic between March 16 and May 31, 2020, in areas considered “hot” (highly affected by the pandemic). During this time, some centers were transformed into “emergency childcare services” available to parents considered to be essential workers. Therefore, few children attended, and most educators worked remotely. In May 2020, 372 educators completed an online questionnaire regarding their emotional state, challenges, and learning opportunities. Results indicate that half of the respondents reported a decrease in their level of well-being at work and an increase in their stress level.
Do no harm: maternal, newborn and infant care during COVID-19
Institution: *UNICEF, International Paediatric Association
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this brief is to summarize current evi[1]dence and guidance for maintaining safe and effec[1]tive care across the spectrum of maternal, newborn and infant care while protecting mother and child and health care providers during COVID-19. Furthermore, we review implications of the principle of “do no harm” for maternal, newborn and infant care deliv[1]ery during COVID-19, so that this information is con[1]veniently and readily available to clinical and health system policy leaders and stakeholders in countries and communities. Additionally, considerations for safe oxygen delivery as well as key Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures at home and in health[1]care facilities for pregnant women, newborns and children are described in detail later in the brief.

Distance learning in Italian primary and middle school children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey

AUTHOR(S)
Francesca Scarpellini; Giulia Segre; Massimo Cartabia

Published: June 2021   Journal: BMC Public Health volume
School closure created difficulties for parents, who were asked to care for their children and help them with schooling, while working at home. This study aimed to explore the experiences in organising school for children at home and its implications on children’s psychological well-being and educational progress during the quarantine for the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide online survey of mothers of primary and middle school students was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic data and information on distance learning organisation and children’s attitudes and behavioural changes were collected.
Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study

AUTHOR(S)
Ingibjorg Eva Thorisdottir; Bryndis Bjork Asgeirsdottir; Alfgeir Logi Kristjansson (et al.)

Published: June 2021   Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry
Adolescence represents a crucial developmental period in shaping mental health trajectories. This study investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and substance use during this sensitive developmental stage. In this longitudinal, population-based study, surveys were administered to a nationwide sample of 13–18-year-olds in Iceland in October or February in 2016 and 2018, and in October, 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). The surveys assessed depressive symptoms with the Symptom Checklist-90, mental wellbeing with the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and the frequency of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and alcohol intoxication. Demographic data were collected, which included language spoken at home although not ethnicity data. Mixed effects models were used to study the effect of gender, age, and survey year on trends in mental health outcomes.
Decommissioning normal: COVID-19 as a disruptor of school norms for young people with learning disabilities

AUTHOR(S)
Mhairi C. Beaton; Geraldene N. Codina; Julie C. Wharton

Published: June 2021   Journal: British Journal of Learning Disabilities
To slow the spread of COVID-19, on 20 March 2020, nurseries, schools and colleges across England were closed to all learners, apart from those who were children of key workers or were considered “vulnerable.” As young people with learning disabilities, families, professionals and schools become acquainted with the Erfahrung of the new horizon brought about by COVID-19, the negativity of altered social inclusion is becoming the “new normal.” Capturing this transitory moment in time, this paper reflexively analyses the curiously productive variables of altered ecological pathways to social inclusion for people with learning disabilities.
Daily reciprocity and well-being: a diary study of intergenerational support between mothers and adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Da Jiang; Helene H. Fung

Published: June 2021   Journal: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B
Intergenerational support between aging parents and adult children is important to the well-being of both groups, especially during public health emergencies. However, few previous studies have examined the effects of daily support between parents and children on their well-being during public health emergencies. To fill in this gap, this study examined the association between daily support and well-being in mothers and their adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.