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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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A large sample cross-sectional study on mental health challenges among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic at-risk group for loneliness and hopelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Johanna Takács; Zsolt Bálint Katona; Ferenc Ihász

Published: February 2023   Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges for societies. Emerging data have indicated that the younger population are the most vulnerable group to the development of mental health problems during this pandemic. The present study aimed to examine the effects of the changes in health behaviors on mental health problems to identify an at-risk group among adolescents and young adults. In the present cross-sectional study, secondary school students (N = 2556) ages 15–21 years participated in Hungary. A self-report questionnaire was developed to measure the changes in health behaviors. Mental health problems were measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale.

Adolescent feelings on COVID-19 distance learning support: associations with mental health, social-emotional health, substance use, and delinquency

AUTHOR(S)
Karen Kwaning; Ayman Ullah; Christopher Biely (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
School social support is associated with improved adolescent wellbeing. However, positive school relationships were potentially disrupted when schools transitioned to distance learning in 2020 to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study investigated associations among perceived distance learning school support, mental health, social-emotional wellbeing, substance use, and delinquency among low-income, public high school students. This study analyzed longitudinal survey data, collected between June 2020 and June 2021, from 372 students attending five large urban public high schools. Mixed-effects regression models examined associations among changes in distance learning support and changes in mental health, social-emotional wellbeing, substance use, and delinquency, controlling for time, social-demographics, and baseline health.
Understanding perceived risks and sexual behavior among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Maria Trent; Jamie Perin; Hasiya Yusuf (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
This paper sought to describe the relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and sexual behaviors among urban adolescents and young adults (AYA). Data were collected from 159 urban AYAs on COVID-19 risk perception, COVID-19 infections and deaths, romantic relationships, and sexual behavior during the stay-at-home order using a telephone survey. Seventy-nine percent of the study participants engaged in sexual intercourse during the stay-at-home order. Only 38% of these used condoms during their last sexual encounter. Experiencing COVID-19 positivity within their social circle was not related to COVID-19 testing. Concern for COVID-19 infection or experiencing a COVID-19 diagnosis or death in one's social circles was not associated with sexual intercourse or condom use.
Prevalence and severity of food insecurity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults and youth in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States

AUTHOR(S)
Alexandra Pepetone; Edward A. Frongillo; Kevin W. Dodd (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: The Journal of Nutrition

Disruptions from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic potentially exacerbated food insecurity among adults and youth. The objective was to examine changes in the prevalence and severity of food insecurity among adults and youth from before (2019) to during (2020) the pandemic in multiple countries. Repeated cross-sectional data were collected among adults aged 18–100 y (n = 63,278) in 5 countries in November to December in 2018–2020 and among youth aged 10–17 y (n = 23,107) in 6 countries in November to December in 2019 and 2020. Food insecurity in the past year was captured using the Household Food Security Survey Module and the Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale. Changes in the prevalence and severity of food insecurity were examined using logistic and generalized logit regression models, respectively. Models included age, gender, racial-ethnic identity, and other sociodemographic characteristics associated with food insecurity to adjust for possible sample differences across waves. Models were weighted to reflect each country’s population.

Racial healing during the COVID-19 and anti-Asian pandemics through critical consciousness informed antiracist parenting practices (CCIARP)

AUTHOR(S)
Yuying Tsong; Sapna B. Chopra; Hsiu-Lan Cheng

Published: January 2023   Journal: Asian American Journal of Psychology
Pervasive anti-Asian racism and xenophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic pose risks to Asian Americans’ mental health and wellness. Parents and caregivers play a vital role in children’s identity development and beliefs about race and racism. This article offers an analysis of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on Asian American (AA) adults’ and children’s wellness. In addition, based on reviews and analyses of the literature, it proposes a framework of critical consciousness informed antiracist parenting (CCIARP) for AA parents, practitioners, and educators who work with them to understand and heal from existing and continuing racial trauma as well as strategies and tools to enact social change toward a more just future. CCIARP recommendations include (a) cultivating antiracist awareness, (b) building skills and engaging in activism, and (c) fostering an antiracist parent–child relationship. Limitations and future research needed to apply this framework are included in the discussions.
Myopia progression among school-aged children in the COVID-19 distance-learning era

AUTHOR(S)
Yasser I. Althnayan; Nawal M. Almotairi; Manal M. Alharbi (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Clinical Ophthalmology
This study aimed to investigate the effect of online learning and other environmental factors on myopia progression during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). A retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2021. Data from children aged 6– 14 were gathered during three visits: pre-pandemic, at the beginning, and during the pandemic. Demographics (hours spent on screens for educational, recreational purposes, outdoors, and type of screen), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), and cycloplegic refraction were gathered.
Factors associated with parental COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and intentions among a national sample of United States adults ages 18–45

AUTHOR(S)
Lakeshia Cousin; Stephanie Roberts; Naomi C. Brownstein (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: About Journal of Pediatric Nursing
This study explored factors associated with parents' attitudes and intentions to seek information about the COVID-19 vaccine for their children (ages 0–18) and intentions to vaccinate their age-eligible children. As part of an anonymous online cross-sectional survey, parents' vaccine attitudes, COVID-19 vaccine intentions for their children, health literacy, health numeracy, and sociodemographic variables were assessed. Multivariable ordered logistic regression models identified factors associated with parents' COVID-19 vaccine intentions for their children.
Association between co-occurring anxiety and depression with drug overdose encounters in the emergency department among adolescents and young adults in the era of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Jacob Workman; Jasmine M. Reese; Sarah Sobalvarro (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
COVID-19 risk mitigation efforts could have negatively impacted anxiety, depression, and substance use among adolescents and young adults (AYA). This study analyzed 45,223 emergency department visits from April 2018–March 2022 of patients aged 12-21 in Pinellas County, Florida.
Assessment of stress and sleep with respect to age in school going children confined to home curing Covid-19: an observational study

AUTHOR(S)
Neha ; Shubha Arora

Published: January 2023   Journal: Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy
In 2020 the World health organization declared the novel corona virus disease 2019 outbreak a pandemic. On March
2020, the government ordered a national lockdown to limit the viral transmission of COVID- 19 infection. The
lockdown included such measures as home confinement, restriction on movement, encourage and arrangement
to work from home. Aim of this study was to assess, stress and Sleep disturbances with respect to age. It was an
observational survey study with sample size of 100 school students .students divided in 2 groups based on ages
that was 8-11 yrs. And 14-15 yrs. Stress questionnaire (PSS) was given to students and sleep questionnaire (SDSC)
was given to parents.
Gender roles, parenthood, and the ethics of care in pandemic media narratives pre- and post-Covid-19

AUTHOR(S)
Raffaella Baccolini; Chiara Xausa

Published: January 2023   Journal: European Journal of English Studies
Crises have always brought along transformations in gender identities, roles, and relations: while much has changed in Western culture regarding the role of women and notions of masculinity are also challenged, efforts to control female roles, bodies, and sexualities persist. For example, Susan Faludi’s The Terror Dream has described the post-9/11 age as an era of reconstituted “traditional” manhood, redomesticated femininity and nuclear family “togetherness.” The question that lies at the basis of this paper is whether – and if so, how –science fiction cinema continues to respond to moments of crisis and vulnerability through the old myth of protective manhood and feminine weakness. By identifying two cases of insecurity – climate change and the coronavirus pandemic – this study analyses a recent film (Bird Box, 2018) and two TV series on pandemic outbreaks from the US (Sweet Tooth, 2021) and Italy (Anna, 2021). All three works break new ground – though not devoid of limits – about family structures and parental care: while Bird Box proposes a reversal of gender roles, Anna elaborates on the notion of motherhood by presenting unconventional models of mothering; in Sweet Tooth, the ethics of care is extended to the relationship between humans, animals, and the endangered environment.
Physical activity of Slovak adolescents during the "Second wave" of Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Stefan Adamcak; Pavol Bartik; Michal Marko

Published: January 2023   Journal: European Journal of Contemporary Education

An active participation in physical activity is associated with several elements of successful aging, including psychosocial health and well-being. Not getting enough physical activity and increased psychosocial health problems are observed worldwide especially during the first year of Covid-19 pandemic and for that reason, the present study was aimed at analyzing and comparing physical activity of Slovak adolescents during the second wave of Covid-19 pandemic. Standardized measure to estimate the habitual practice of physical activity (IPAQ-SF) was carried out through intentional sampling of 2375 Slovak adolescents (54.56 % of them adolescent girls), aged 17-19 years (mean 18.10 ± 0.60 years), attending the last year of grammar and vocational secondary schools of Slovakia. Basic descriptive statistics, chi-square test (χ2) and Two -Sample T-Test were used to analyze and compare the data.

Social connection when physically isolated: family experiences in using video calls

AUTHOR(S)
Ilze Kacane; Maria Jose Hernández-Serrano

Published: January 2023   Journal: Open Cultural Studies
Digital (video) calls have become a significant tool during the challenging times marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article focuses on the perceived functionality of video calls for maintaining social contacts and overcoming loneliness in celebrating family festivities limited by physical distance policies. The qualitative study conducted at the end of 2021 in Latvia and Spain examines families’ cultural socialisation via digital tools and, based on data obtained from semi-structured in-depth interviews, assesses the users’ digital experiences in celebrating Christmas and the New Year from retrospective and prospective standpoints.
A light in the dark: How children make sense of COVID‐19

AUTHOR(S)
Jamie Libenstein; Danaë Larivière-Bastien; Dominique Dupont (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
Understanding the negative impact of the pandemic on children and adolescents is essential in order to provide proper support and intervention. Nonetheless, surmounting adversity, such as COVID-19, may also provide positive lessons for youth to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic and prepare society for future crises. The objective of the current qualitative study was to document the perceived positive aspects identified by children and adolescents during COVID-19 and how they made sense of their experience. Participants (N = 67, 5–14 years old) were recruited in May and June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via a videoconferencing platform. Based on the transcribed and coded interviews, a thematic qualitative analysis was derived utilizing NVivo. Participants' answers were grouped into four main themes and sub-themes: (1) school changes, (2) bonding time, (3) free time, and (4) technology usage. Analysing youth perspectives on their experience of the COVID-19 pandemic provides insight into some of the positive changes and lessons that can be gained amidst the overwhelming negative consequences of the pandemic.
Boredom in online activity during COVID-19 outbreak causing dysfunctional behaviors of adolescent students: phenomenological study to the creation of virtual reality classroom

AUTHOR(S)
Sovaritthon Chansaengsee

Published: January 2023   Journal: European Journal of Psychology of Education
Boredom is the phenomenon most adolescent students have been struggling with, especially during the pandemic; they were regularly mandated to stay in a new normal way. This research aimed to study the life experience of boredom towards online activities leading to dysfunctional behaviours of teens, to survey the preference for online learning methods of Thai adolescent students, and to create a virtual reality classroom for English writing classes. The first study, transcendental phenomenology, included ten teens between 13 and 18 years old selected by purposive sampling. In study, 285 Thai teens were recruited to answer the questionnaire, and the last phase included five experts to discuss the strategies for creating a VR classroom.
Predictors of adolescent resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community sample of Hispanic and Latinx youth: expressive suppression and social support

AUTHOR(S)
Kate R. Kuhlman; Elizabeth Antici; Ece Tan (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented disruptions in the daily lives and mental health of adolescents. Less attention has been given to the psychosocial resources that may mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health, particularly among minoritized populations. In the present study, 259 youth (aged 11–18) were recruited from a community center for integrated prevention and intervention services in a predominantly Latinx and Hispanic community. Youth completed questionnaires about the impact COVID-19 has had on their lives, psychosocial resources (humor, optimism, emotion regulation, social support), and psychiatric symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbances, aggression). After accounting for age, sex, and exposure to early life adversity, higher reported COVID-19 impact was associated with more depressive symptoms, b = 6.37 (SE = 1.67), 95% CI [3.08, 9.66], p < 0.001, more anxiety symptoms, b = 9.97 (SE = 1.63), 95% CI [6.75, 13.18], p < 0.001, and more sleep disturbances, b = 1.24 (SE = 0.34), 95% CI [0.57, 1.91], p < 0.001.
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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.