Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Impact of COVID-19 on child labor in the Province of Chimborazo

AUTHOR(S)
Cristian Alexander Mejía Ortiz; Gissela Estefania Mera Rojas; Vivian Lizbeth Ruiz Sudario (et al.)

Published: October 2022 Journal: ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.

Child labor violates the children’s fundamental rights and interrupts their intellectual growth and potential. The prevalence of child labor in Ecuador has increased significantly in recent years, and the COVID-19 health crisis has only aided it. The province of Chimborazo over time has taken the lead amongst the other Ecuadorian provinces, showing a significant increase in the rate of child labor which has now become too complex to solve. Although, as a result of COVID-19, the rate of child labor has increased worldwide, the national and provincial rate of child labor in Ecuador significantly reduced due to the social distancing policies. However, once the infections were controlled, it resumed the pre-pandemic situation as many children from low-income families were forced to seek alternative income to survive during the pandemic; likewise, all commercial, production, and service activities were affected.

Journal article

Child labour and education in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Jack Iván Vidal Chica; Efstathios Stefos; Raquel Gilar Corbi (et al.)

Published: July 2022 Journal: Sociedad & Tecnología

Child labour is a worldwide issue with a major impact on access to education, Latin America being one of the regions heavily affected by this type of illegal activity, the data were not very encouraging and with the COVID19 pandemic the situation worsened. This study uses data, of 117,189 girls and boys between the ages of 5 and 14, obtained from National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU), with the aim to analyse education and child labour situation in Ecuador through pandemic in 2020, a complete descriptive analysis was developed in order to display the main differentiation criteria and the classification into groups of the people investigated, the results are confirmed by factor analysis.

Journal article

Routine immunization programs for children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, 2020: hidden effects, predictable consequences

AUTHOR(S)
Gianina Lizeth Suárez-Rodríguez; José Salazar-Loor; Jackson Rivas-Condo (et al.)

Published: May 2022 Journal: Vaccines

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global disruption of several services, including routine immunizations. This effect has been described in several countries, but there are few detailed studies in Latin America and no reports in Ecuador. Therefore, this work aims to quantify the reduction in routine immunizations for infants during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. 2018, 2019, and 2020 data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Ecuador. The number of doses and the extent of immunization coverage was descriptively compared for four vaccines: rotavirus (ROTA), poliovirus (PV), pneumococcal (PCV), and pentavalent (PENTA) vaccines. There was no significant difference in doses applied during the 2018 and 2019 years. However, a significant (p < 0.05) drop of 137,000 delivered doses was observed in 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic years. Reductions in the percentage of coverage were more pronounced for the PENTA vaccine (17.7%), followed by PV (16.4%), ROTA (12%), and PCV vaccines (10.7%).

Journal article

Emotional Impact in Adolescents in Ecuador six months after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
María Fernanda Coello; Selene Valero-Moreno; Juan Sebastián Herrera (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: The Journal of Psychology

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the emotional health of adolescents, especially those with low resilience and life satisfaction. The aim is to analyze the predictors of anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 586 adolescents from Ecuador aged between 12–18 years (M = 15.30; SD = 1.28). Satisfaction, resilience, anxiety, depression, stress and worries about COVID-19 were assessed. Structural equation models (SEM) and models based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) were performed.

Journal article

Do COVID-19 worries, resilience and emotional distress influence life satisfaction? Outcomes in adolescents in Ecuador during the pandemic: SEM vs. QCA

AUTHOR(S)
Juan Sebastián Herrera; Laura Lacomba-Trejo; Selene Valero-Moreno (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: Children

COVID-19 and the measures adopted have been a problem for society at all levels. The aim of the study was to analyze the main predictors of life satisfaction among adolescents in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 902 adolescents from Ecuador aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.30; SD = 1.28). Variables such as life satisfaction, resilience, emotional symptomatology, and worries about COVID-19 were assessed. Two statistical methodologies were compared (structural equation models (SEM) and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)) to analyze the possible influence of worries about COVID-19, resilience and emotional symptomatology towards life satisfaction.

Journal article

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on asthma symptoms and management: A prospective analysis of asthmatic children in Ecuador

AUTHOR(S)
Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés; Cristina Ochoa-Avilés; Diana A. Morillo-Argudo

Published: June 2021 Journal: World Allergy Organization Journal

Asthma affects up to 33% of children in Latin American settings. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on access to and use of health services. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on asthma exacerbations, medical facility visits, and use of asthma medications in children. It used data from a prospective cohort of 213 children aged 5–17 years in 3 Ecuadorian cities and analysed the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on asthma.

Journal article

Evaluating and improving upon Ecuador's adolescent pregnancy prevention policies in an era of increased urgency

AUTHOR(S)
Keren Herrán; Iván Palacios

Published: September 2020 Journal: Annals of Global Health

This paper analyzes the association between disease outbreaks and adolescent pregnancy. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an urgent international concern for adolescent reproductive health. For instance, the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone indirectly caused a 65% increase in AP within target communities. School closures and economic downfall following periods of quarantine augmented sexual exploitation. Therefore, COVID-19 underlines the need to evaluate and learn from prior health policy in strategizing more effective AP prevention legislation. Reviewing Ecuador’s attempts to reduce AP, first through the implementation of differentiated services for adolescents, then via establishing an integrated lifecycle model, and lastly, their current strategy involving gendered violence, demonstrates how each plan has varied in effectiveness yet collectively failed to create an upstream approach that builds human capital.

Journal article

Can a learning companion be used to continue teaching programming to children even during the COVID-19 pandemic?

AUTHOR(S)
José M. Ocaña; Elizabeth K. Morales-Urrutia; Diana Pérez Marín (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: IEEE Access

This paper's proposal is that students aged between 10 and 12 can benefit from interacting with a friendly learning companion using p-code such as Alcody. The hypothesis is that students (aged between 10 and 12) with a knowledge of Scratch will be able to significantly improve their scores by using a learning companion to teach them how to program even during the COVID-19 pandemic. To check the hypothesis, an experiment was carried out during the 2019/2020 academic year with 137 students in Ecuador. A significant improvement in the scores of the students was recorded together with high satisfaction.

Working paper

Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian high-school students during the COVID-19 quarantine

AUTHOR(S)
Igor Asanov; Francisco Flores; David McKenzie (et al.)

Institution: The World Bank
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has closed schools around the world, forcing school systems and students to quickly attempt remote learning. A rapid response phone survey of over 1,500 high school students aged 14 to 18 in Ecuador was conducted to learn how students spend their time during the period of quarantine, examine their access to remote learning, and measure their mental health status. The data show that 59 percent of students have both an internet connection at home and a computer or tablet, 74 percent are engaging in some online or telelearning, and 86 percent have done some schoolwork on the last weekday. Detailed time-use data show most students have established similar daily routines around education, although gender and wealth differences emerge in time spent working and on household tasks. Closure of schools and social isolation are the two main problems students say they face, and while the majority are mostly happy, 16 percent have mental health scores that indicate depression.

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