Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Linking maternal involvement in child online learning to child adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic: the moderating role of maternal mindfulness

AUTHOR(S)
Chun Bun Lam; Chung Sze Lam; Kevin Kien Hoa Chung

Published: January 2022 Journal: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

In the face of COVID-19, many schools have to educate their students using online activities. During this time, whether and how parents are involved may be of particular importance for young children—who are less able to learn independently via the Internet due to their developmental immaturity. Therefore, this study examined the cross-sectional association of maternal involvement in child online learning with child adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic and tested maternal mindfulness as a moderator. Data were collected from 236 mothers of kindergarten-aged children (mean age = 55.91 months; 75% of them were girls) during the fourth wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong, China. Using paper-and-pencil questionnaires, mothers rated their involvement and mindfulness and their children’s pre-academic ability and internalizing and externalizing behaviors and provide demographic information.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: child education, child mental health, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, parent-child relationship, psychological distress, social distance | Countries: Hong Kong

Journal article

Adolescents’ attitudes to the COVID-19 vaccination

AUTHOR(S)
W. H. S. Wong; D. Leung; G. T. Chua (et al.)

Published: January 2022 Journal: Vaccine

Vaccines against COVID-19 are now available for adolescents in Hong Kong but vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to herd immunity. This survey study explores Hong Kong adolescents’ attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination. 2609 adolescents from across Hong Kong completed an online survey focused on the intent to vaccinate and the reasons for their choice. 39% of adolescents intended to take the COVID-19 vaccination and significant factors for this decision include: having at least one parent vaccinated, knowing somebody diagnosed with COVID-19 and receiving the influenza vaccine. Adolescents’ major concerns were either the safety and efficacy of the vaccine or the risk of infection. This study has proved that even in adolescents the vaccine hesitancy model is prominent with adolescents’ intentions highly related to confidence in the vaccine and perception of disease risk. Future interventions should target these specific concerns to ensure adolescents are well educated to overcome vaccine hesitancy.

Journal article

Mental health & maltreatment risk of children with special educational needs during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Winnie W. Y. Tso; Ko Ling Chan; Tatia M. C. Lee (et al.)

Published: January 2022 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

Children with special educational needs (SEN) are more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic with risk of poor mental wellbeing and child maltreatment. To examine the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children with SEN and their maltreatment risk. 417 children with SEN studying at special schools and 25,427 children with typical development (TD) studying at mainstream schools completed an online survey in April 2020 in Hong Kong during school closures due to COVID-19.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 9 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Child Protection, Mental Health | Tags: child abuse and neglect, child education, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, mentally disabled children, psychological distress, social distance, special education | Countries: Hong Kong

Journal article

Hong Kong children’s school readiness in times of COVID-19: the contributions of parent perceived social support, parent competency, and time spent with children

AUTHOR(S)
Eva Yi Hung Lau; Jian-Bin Li

Published: December 2021 Journal: Frontiers in Psychology

School readiness is an important but challenging issue of child development, especially during COVID-19 when most of the traditional offline activities that could promote school readiness (e.g., on-site visit) have been canceled. There is a gap between the knowledge needed to promote children’s school readiness in times of pandemic and the limited understanding of this topic so far. This gap could be particularly concerning in the social contexts where examinations are stressed and educational competition is high (e.g., Hong Kong). This study examined how well children were ready for primary school, the extent to which parent perceived social support was related to children’s school readiness, and whether parent competence and their time spent with children would moderate the said link. A cross-sectional design survey with total population sampling (supplemented with convenience sampling) was conducted.

Journal article

Counselling support for the mental health of children in Hong Kong’s international schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: parents’ perspectives

AUTHOR(S)
Mark G. Harrison; Chloe Ka Yi Tam; Susanna Siu-sze Yeung

Published: November 2021 Journal: Educational and Developmental Psychologist

This study investigated how school counsellors in international schools in Hong Kong supported the wellbeing of students and families during the period of school closure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of parents.Sixteen parents with children in eleven different international schools in Hong Kong were interviewed and the data were analysed thematically.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: child education, child mental health, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, parents, psychological counselling, school attendance, social distance | Countries: Hong Kong

Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 on preschool-aged children’s movement behaviors in Hong Kong: a longitudinal analysis of accelerometer-measured data

AUTHOR(S)
Johan Y. Y. Ng; Qing He; Kar Hau Chong (et al.)

Published: November 2021 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many preschool-aged children were forced to remain indoors due to social distancing measures and school closures. This study examined how children’s movement behaviors (sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and sleep) were affected by the pandemic. Children’s (N = 25, age = 4.4 years, SD = 0.3) movement behaviors were measured before and after the COVID outbreak, respectively. Data collected using accelerometers were analyzed using compositional data analyses. A significant change in the overall time-use composition (F = 5.89, p = 0.002) was found. Results suggested that children spent more time sleeping (8% increase) and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (16% increase), with less time spent in sedentary behaviors (9% decrease). However, parent reports suggested that children were less active and had more screen time. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that children’s physical activity is not negatively impacted by the pandemic.

Journal article

Under the same roof: parents’ COVID-related stress mediates the associations between household crowdedness and young children's problem behaviors during social distancing

AUTHOR(S)
Zhenlin Wang; Pui Lam Yeung; Xiaozi Gao

Published: November 2021 Journal: Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology

During the COVID-19 pandemic, families worldwide are confined in their homes for an extended period of time due to social distancing. Conducted between April and July of 2021, the current study examined the impact of household crowdedness during school closure on parents’ COVID-related stress and young children's problem behaviors in Hong Kong, one of the world's most densely populated cities. Parents of 228 young children between 3- to 5-year-old reported their household living condition, parents’ COVID-related stress, and their children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors through an online survey.

Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 on preschool-aged children’s movement behaviors in Hong Kong: a longitudinal analysis of accelerometer-measured data

AUTHOR(S)
Johan Y. Y. Ng; Qing He; Kar Hau Chong (et al.)

Published: November 2021 Journal: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many preschool-aged children were forced to remain indoors due to social distancing measures and school closures. In this study, we examined how children’s movement behaviors (sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and sleep) were affected by the pandemic. Children’s (N = 25, age = 4.4 years, SD = 0.3) movement behaviors were measured before and after the COVID outbreak, respectively. Data collected using accelerometers were analyzed using compositional data analyses. A significant change in the overall time-use composition (F = 5.89, p = 0.002) was found.

Journal article

The changes of suicidal ideation status among young people in Hong Kong during COVID-19: a longitudinal survey

AUTHOR(S)
Shimin Zhua; Yanqiong Zhuang; Paul Lee

Published: July 2021 Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders

Pandemics affect the physical and mental well-being of all potentially at-risk young people globally. This longitudinal study examines changes of suicidal ideation status among adolescents during COVID-19. A follow-up after nine-months of a school-based survey among 1,491 secondary school students was conducted during COVID-19. Psychological well-being, psychological factors, family support, and COVID-19-related experiences were examined.

Journal article

Risk and resilience of vulnerable families in Hong Kong under the impact of COVID-19: an ecological resilience perspective

AUTHOR(S)
Xiaoyu Zhuang; Yin Yim Lau; Wilson Man Ho Chan (et al.)

Published: June 2021 Journal: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Hong Kong has experienced four waves of COVID-19 since the first case was confirmed in January 2020. Several studies have highlighted the psychological impacts of the outbreak in Hong Kong but have largely ignored the protective factors that contribute to resilience among vulnerable families. This study adopted an ecological resilience framework to explore the impact of this epidemic on members of families with youth with a delinquent tendency/mental health concerns and the ecological protective factors for these vulnerable families. Random sampling based on a sampling frame provided by one of the largest local social service organizations in Hong Kong led to the recruitment of 407 respondents who were interviewed using a battery of standardized questionnaires.

Journal article

Leisure and problem gaming behaviors among children and adolescents during school closures caused by COVID-19 in Hong Kong: quantitative cross-sectional survey study

AUTHOR(S)
Shimin Zhu; Yanqiong Zhuang; Paul Lee (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: JMIR Serious Games

School closures during the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated students’ loneliness, addictive gaming behaviors, and poor mental health. These mental health issues confronting young people are of public concern. This study aimed to examine the associations between loneliness and gaming addiction behaviors among young people in Hong Kong and to investigate how familial factors, psychological distress, and gender differences moderate these relationships.

Journal article

Vulnerability and resilience in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Winnie W. Y. Tso; Rosa S. Wong; Keith T. S. Tung (et al.)

Published: November 2020 Journal: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound impact on the health and development of children worldwide. There is limited evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and its related school closures and disease-containment measures on the psychosocial wellbeing of children; little research has been done on the characteristics of vulnerable groups and factors that promote resilience. This research conducted a large-scale cross-sectional population study of Hong Kong families with children aged 2–12 years.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 16 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent well-being, child development, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental stress, psychological distress, school attendance | Countries: Hong Kong

Journal article

Worry and permissive parenting in association with the development of internet addiction in children

AUTHOR(S)
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo; Romance Nok Man Lai; Ting Kin Ng (et al.)

Published: November 2020 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The recent COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive measures has led to increased use of the Internet in the daily lives of children. Therefore, Internet addiction has become an increasingly important public health issue worldwide. More than 90% of Hong Kong’s citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6–17 years have daily access to it. However, internet addiction could pose serious social and health issues. The current study examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such a relationship.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Paediatrics is a big player of COVID-19 in Hong Kong

AUTHOR(S)
K.L. Hon; Karen K.Y. Leung

Published: June 2020 Journal: Hong Kong Medical Journal

As of 23 April 2020, there have been 104 confirmed paediatric cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong. Fortunately, all cases were mild or asymptomatic with no fatalities. The proportion of patients with COVID-19 who are aged <19 years is 14.1% in Hong Kong, which is higher than other countries . This may be attributable to high numbers of overseas students returning to Hong Kong; even those who are asymptomatic are tested as part of the current border controls. Mortality for patients aged <19 years is very low, with less than 10 reported cases, mostly teenagers.

Research Report

Survey on students learning and well-being during COVID-19 school suspension in Hong Kong

Institution: Save the Children
Published: January 2020

This report presents the results of a survey that aims to (1) determine the most common difficulties Hong Kong children face with remote learning during school suspension and how students think they could overcome them; (2) get children’s perspectives on their well-being during the school suspension and the things that affect it most; (3) get children’s perspectives on what support they need for and their feelings about their return to school.

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

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