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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Social network analysis research report: realizing relationships for distance education
Institution: Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies
Published: February 2023

This report explores how social network analysis (SNA) could shed light on educational shifts, such as the switch to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and presents findings from pilot SNA studies of distance education for refugees in Jordan and Uganda. SNA measures how actors are connected within a network. It illuminates how the structure of or an actor’s positionality within a network affects social outcomes (Folke, 2006; Light & Moody, 2020), in this case the provision of distance education for refugees. Traditionally, the provision of education has been viewed as the output of a static system governed by hierarchical relationships. However, it is increasingly understood as a complex and dynamic ecosystem in which influence, resources, and ideas enter at different points and travel along diverse pathways. The pilot studies conducted in Jordan and Uganda explored what facilitated and what inhibited distance education for refugees in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular attention given to the network of relationships among distance education policy, content development and curation, teacher preparation, and delivery actors. Data was collected from individuals who worked for organizations that delivered, or supported the delivery of, distance education for refugees in Uganda and Jordan in 2021.

Knowledge toward COVID-19 in children among undergraduate students at the beginning of COVID-19 era

AUTHOR(S)
Sawsan Abuhammad; Hossam Alhawatmeh; Ahlam Al-Natour (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Nursing Open

This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge of undergraduate students in Jordan toward COVID-19 in children in respect of the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against the disease and satisfaction with governmental measures. A cross-section was utilized in this study. An online survey questionnaire was utilized in this research study. All undergraduate students in Jordan were able to take part. The size of the sample was 799. Knowledge toward COVID-19 among children was used to assess the participants' knowledge about COVID-19.

Mothers' impressions and beliefs about taking a booster dose for COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and lactation

AUTHOR(S)
Esra' O. Taybeh; Rawan Alsharedeh; Shereen Hamadneh

Published: December 2022   Journal: Cureus

This study aimed to explore perceptions and willingness to get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccination among pregnant and lactating women in Jordan. A cross-sectional study using a 29-item web-based questionnaire was conducted. Sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine acceptance, confidence in the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine, perception of risk for COVID-19, and acceptance to participate in COVID-19 booster vaccine clinical trials were prospectively evaluated. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that might affect the participants’ acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine and their willingness to enroll in clinical trials of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

The level of services for cerebral palsy centers from the viewpoint of parents during the COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Wala’a Etawi

Published: November 2022   Journal: International Education Studies

The study examined the level of services for cerebral palsy (CP) centers in Jordan from parents’ viewpoint during the Corona pandemic. It also examined if there are any differences due to the sex and age of the child with CP. The study sample consisted of 50 parents of children with CP and used a scale for services level of CP centers to collect study data. The results indicated that the level of services during the Corona pandemic was generally moderate. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in the services level due to the sex favor to females, and there were no differences due to the age.


Impact of COVID-19 on perinatal mental health among pregnant mothers infected with COVID-19, during the first wave of the epidemic in Jordan

AUTHOR(S)
Jehan Hamadneh; Shereen Hamadneh; Mohammed ALBashtawy

Published: November 2022   Journal: Heliyon
Data concerning the impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection on the mental health of pregnant women are still limited. The study explored baseline information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on mental health in the perinatal period, among mothers infected with COVID-19, during the first wave of the epidemic in Jordan. The current study aimed to examine the anxiety levels of pregnant women infected with coronavirus over the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from March to December 2021, using an online survey that addressed key issues related to the role of COVID-19 infection in developing anxiety among pregnant women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The study population was pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, and who agreed to participate in the study (n = 530).
Factors predicting the willingness of parents to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Jordan

AUTHOR(S)
Reem Ali

Published: October 2022   Journal: Jordan Journal of Nursing Research

COVID-19 vaccination has proven effective in controlling   the spread of corona viruses. However, many parents remain unwilling to have their children vaccinated. This study aims to investigate   the willingness on the part of Jordanian parents to have their children receive COVID-19 vaccines and to examine the predictors of this parental willingness. These predictors/variables include parents’ demographic variables, risk perception, and trust in health authorities and healthcare professionals. In September 2020 an online survey was used to generate a sample made up of parents residing in every region of the country using a proportional cluster protocol.   A self-reporting questionnaire was used to generate the data.

Food safety knowledge and risk perception among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Safaa Almanasrah; Tareq M. Osaili; Anas A. Al-Nabulsi (et al.)

Published: August 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

Pregnant women are at a higher risk of food poisoning compared to the general population. This can be detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and risk perception of basic food safety and handling among pregnant women in Jordan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study among pregnant women in Jordan was conducted using an online questionnaire between November 2020 and January 2021. The survey included socio-demographic data, food safety knowledge, and risk perception questions as well as COVID-19 related questions.

Assessing health-related behaviors among Jordanian children during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Samar Thiab; Muna Barakat; Raja'a Qudah (et al.)

Published: July 2022   Journal: Pharmacy Practice
The coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) led to extreme actions being taken by the governments to restrict the spread of this virus. Closure of schools, sport clubs and playgrounds were among these actions; children had to stay indoors and were not allowed to pursue their normal lifestyle activities. This paper aims to assess the differences in health-related behaviors among Jordanian school-aged children (6-16 years) before and during COVID-19 quarantine and to evaluate public’s perception of the role of pharmacists regarding children’s health-related behaviors management.
Attitude of parents toward vaccination against COVID-19 for own children in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Sawsan Abuhammad; Yousef Khader; Shaher Hamaideh

Published: July 2022   Journal: Informatics in Medicine Unlocked

This study aimed to evaluate parents' attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination for their children and determine predictors of parents’ attitudes towards their children receiving the Vaccine against COVID-19. This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were Jordanian parents with a child less than 18 years old. The survey was made available on different social media platforms and other networks such as community organizations, academic posts, and private groups.

Youth economic security, skills and empowerment: Learning from positive outliers among youth affected by forced displacement in Jordan

AUTHOR(S)
Nicola Jones; Jude Sajdi; Elizabeth Presler-Marshall (et al.)

Most of the research on refugee economic participation has focused on adult refugee populations, particularly men. Data on adolescents and youth, particularly girls and young women, is limited. This report aims to fill some of these research gaps and contribute to efforts to support refugee youth to realise their potential in line with the commitments enshrined in both the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to ‘leave no one behind’, and in the Global Compact on Refugees, to ‘enhance refugee self-reliance’. Focusing on male and female youth aged 15–24 years from Syrian and Palestinian refugee communities in Jordan, as well as vulnerable Jordanians in host communities, the report captures their aspirations and experiences in building independent and sustainable livelihoods. It incorporates a gender lens to identify and analyse the factors that promote or hinder youth participation in the labour market, paying particular attention to gender norms and roles.

COVID-19 and social policy in contexts of existing inequality: experiences of youth with disabilities in Ethiopia and Jordan

AUTHOR(S)
Kate Pincock; Nicola Jonesa; Kifah Baniodeh (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Disability & Society
This article explores the social policy implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for adolescents and young people with disabilities in Ethiopia and Jordan. The article draws on qualitative research interviews carried out in person between November and December 2019 and by phone between April and June 2020 with 65 young people with hearing, visual and physical impairments in urban settings in both countries, complemented by interviews with key informants in government and civil society organisations working with young people. Whilst in Jordan social policy on disability is more developed, and in Ethiopia, systems are still embryonic, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the marginalisation of adolescents and young people with disabilities in both contexts as health, education and social protection systems have been slow to mobilise targeted support and address social exclusion. This article identifies social policy gaps in Ethiopia and Jordan that must be addressed in order to support young people with disabilities during crises.
Barriers to refugee adolescents’ educational access during COVID-19: exploring the roles of gender, displacement, and social inequalities

AUTHOR(S)
Nicola Jones; Kate Pincock; Silvia Guglielmi (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: The Journal on Education in Emergencies
As of 2021, more than 80 million people worldwide have been displaced by war, violence, and poverty. An estimated 30 to 34 million of these are under age 18, and many are at risk of interrupting their education permanently—a situation aggravated in recent years by the global COVID-19 pandemic. This article adopts an intersectional conceptual framework to explore the roles gender and other social inequalities have played in shaping adolescents’ access to education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines two refugee populations: the Rohingya, who have been excluded from formal education opportunities in Bangladesh, and Syrian refugees in Jordan, who have access to formal education in their host country. It provides novel empirical data, as well as insights into the adolescent refugee experience and the short-term consequences for education resulting from the pandemic. The article draws from quantitative survey data on 3,030 adolescents, and from in-depth qualitative interviews conducted in the spring of 2020 with a subset of 91 adolescents who are part of an ongoing longitudinal study. A 40 key informant interviews with community leaders and service providers was also conducted.
Study of the physical aggressive behaviors due to violent video games among early adolescents in Al-Mazar Al-Janobe District in the south of Jordan

AUTHOR(S)
Heba Adnan Althnaibat; Waqar Al-kubaisy; Faris Alsaraireh

Published: May 2022   Journal: International Journal of Health Sciences
Violent video games (VVGs) that have clearly emerged during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are the reason why early adolescents are exposed to physical aggression and physical violence. This is a problem and has consequences and damages to society as a whole. Therefore, parents and teachers should pay attention to solving this problem and addressing it, so we discussed this problem in our study. This research aims to study of the physical aggressive behaviors due to violent video games among early adolescents in Al-Mazar Al-Janobe district in the South of Jordan. The method that was followed in this study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Al-Mazar Al-janobe district during the period from first May up to 1st August 2020 using a web-based questionnaire. The study sample consisted of (462) early adolescent pupils aged 10-13 years (boys and girls) from 61 primary schools (private and government). The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 21, descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-tests, chi-square, correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed and α < 0.05 level of significance was considered.
Parents’ attitudes, knowledge and practice towards vaccinating their children against COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Walid Al-Qerem; Abdel Qader Al Bawab; Alaa Hammad (et al.)

Published: March 2022   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
The question of whether children should be vaccinated against COVID-19 is currently being argued. The risk-benefit analysis of the vaccine in children has been more challenging because of the low prevalence of acute COVID-19 in children and the lack of confidence in the relative effects of the vaccine and the disease. One of the most convincing arguments for vaccinating healthy children is to protect them from long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to assess Jordanian parents’ intention to vaccinate their children. This is an Internet-based cross-sectional survey. The researchers prepared a Google Forms survey and shared the link with a number of Jordanian Facebook generic groups. Data were gathered between September and November 2021. In this study, convenience sampling was used. Knowledge about COVID-19 and preventive practices against COVID-19 were calculated for each participant. A total of 819 participants completed the survey (female = 70.9%).
Adolescent lives in Jordan: what are we learning from longitudinal evidence? Lessons from longitudinal research with adolescents
Institution: Gender and Adolescence Global Evidence
Published: March 2022

Jordan is a small, highly resource-constrained country situated in the heart of the Middle East. Long a haven for refugees fleeing regional conflict, over one-third of Jordan’s 10 million residents are not Jordanian. Jordan is home to approximately 1.5 million Syrians, half of whom are registered as refugees with UNHCR. Jordan is also hosting 2.5 million registered Palestine refugees. In Jordan, GAGE has collected mixed-methods baseline data (between mid-2018 and early 2019) with approximately 4,000 Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian and Dom adolescents living in host communities, formal refugee camps and informal tented settlements; fielded three rounds of covid-19 phone surveys; and is running ongoing participatory research groups with older married girls, out-of-school boys and adolescent girls and boys with disabilities (15–19 years). GAGE is also evaluating a variety of UNICEF Jordan’s programming. This brief highlights headline emerging findings and provides links to fuller publications.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.