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UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

COVID-19–related life experiences, outdoor play, and long-term adiposity changes among preschool- and school-aged children in Singapore 1 year after lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Ka Kei Sum; Shirong Cai; Evelyn Law (et al.)

Published: January 2022 Journal: JAMA Pediatrics

Despite the potential for COVID-19 infection control–related events to have an effect on child well-being, comprehensive assessments of postlockdown changes and persistent outcomes are lacking. This paper aims to survey the extent of COVID-19 lockdown–related lifestyle changes, their differences by child age and family socioeconomic status, and the potential association with child adiposity 1 year after lockdown. A self-administered, electronic survey was introduced to 2 ongoing child cohorts (the Singapore Preconception Study of Long-term Maternal and Child Outcomes [S-PRESTO] cohort of preschool children aged 1-4.5 years and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes [GUSTO] cohort of primary school children aged 9-10.7 years) from July 8, 2020, to September 5, 2020, which was 1 to 3 months after the end of strict universal movement restrictions (duration of 73 days ending on June 19, 2020). All active participants from S-PRESTO and GUSTO, 2 population-based, longitudinal, parent-offspring cohorts in Singapore, were invited to participate and monitored through June 15, 2021.

Journal article

Evaluating rates and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for adults and children in the Singapore population: strengthening our community’s resilience against threats from emerging infections (SOCRATEs) cohort

AUTHOR(S)
Konstadina Griva; Kevin Y. K. Tan; Frederick H. F. Chan (et al.)

Published: November 2021 Journal: Vaccines

COVID-19 vaccines are crucial for achieving sufficient immunisation coverage to manage the pandemic, but vaccine hesitancy persists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy in adults and in parents for vaccinating their children using an integrated social cognition model. A community-based cohort in Singapore [N = 1623] completed a survey (wave 25) between June and July 2021 which measured their risk perceptions, distress, trust, vaccination beliefs, and vaccine intentions/behaviours. Results indicated low rates of hesitancy (9.9%) for own vaccination, with most concerns citing side effects, safety, and hasty development. Remaining respondents were vaccinated (69%) or intended to vaccinate (21%).

Journal article

Impact of work routines on parents' and children's sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Ramkumar Aishworiy; Michael Teik Chung Lim; Mahesh Babu Ramamurthy (et al.)

Published: November 2021 Journal: Sleep Medicine

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of parental sleep and work arrangements on children's sleep duration during the national lockdown period, referred to as ‘Circuit Breaker’ (CB), due to COVID-19. A cross-sectional, anonymous, online questionnaire to parents with school-going children aged between 3 and 16 years was used. Child and parental sleep duration in relation to change in parental work arrangements, housing type and number of individuals in the household as reported by parents were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and tests of comparison were used to evaluate data.

Journal article

Impact of work routines on parents’ and children’s sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Ramkumar Aishworiya; Michael Teik Chung Lima; Mahesh Babu Ramamurthy (et al.)

Published: October 2021 Journal: Sleep Medicine

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of parental sleep and work arrangements on children’s sleep duration during the national lockdown period, referred to as ‘Circuit Breaker’ (CB), due to COVID-19. Cross-sectional, anonymous, online questionnaire to parents with school-going children aged between 3 to 16 years. Child and parental sleep duration in relation to change in parental work arrangements, housing type and number of individuals in the household as reported by parents were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and tests of comparison were used to evaluate data.

Journal article

Factors contributing to psychological ill-effects and resilience of caregivers of children with developmental disabilities during a nation-wide lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Tammy S. H. Lim; Mae Yue Tan; Ramkumar Aishworiya (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

This study evaluated factors affecting psychological ill-effects and resilience of caregivers of children with developmental disabilities during the coronavirus pandemic. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25-item were administered. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with psychological ill-effects and resilience. DASS-21 depression, anxiety and stress scores were high; these were associated with difficulties with infection control measures, autism diagnosis, and need for early intervention services. For caregivers of children with ASD, our DASS-21 scores were significantly higher than non-pandemic scores locally and in other Asian sites. Resilience scores correlated inversely with DASS-21 scores. Targeted support to selected at-risk caregivers and improving resilience can help their coping.

Journal article

Implementation of online home-based learning and students' engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of Singapore mathematics teachers

AUTHOR(S)
Lee Yong Tay; Shu-Shing Lee; Kalaivani Ramachandran

Published: April 2021 Journal: The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced school closure thus shifting teaching and learning towards full home-based learning (HBL). Technology plays a key role but the considerations to design online learning environments that meaningfully engage students are complex. This exploratory, qualitative study attempted to elicit eight mathematics teachers’ considerations and perspectives in designing online home-based learning lessons for the engagement of elementary and secondary students.

Journal article

School closure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: impact on children's sleep

AUTHOR(S)
Michael Teik Chung Lim; Mahesh Babu Ramamurthy; Ramkumar Aishworiya (et al.)

Published: January 2021 Journal: Sleep Medicine

This paper aims to evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called ‘Circuit Breaker’ or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal article

School closure during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: impact on children’s sleep

AUTHOR(S)
Michael Teik Chung Lim; Mahesh Babu Ramamurthy; Ramkumar Aishworiya (et al.)

Published: January 2021 Journal: Sleep Medicine

To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called ‘Circuit Breaker’ or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents aged 21 years and above with children aged between 3 and 16 years attending pre-school, primary or secondary school (equivalent to kindergarten, middle and-high school) and residing in Singapore. Sleep duration in relation to various daily activities including academic activities, physical exercise, and screen time was evaluated pre-CB and during CB.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Child and adolescent psychiatry telemedicine: a Singaporean experience born in Covid-19

AUTHOR(S)
Ngar Yee Poon; Shirley Pat Fong; Shirley Pat Fong

Published: October 2020 Journal: Asian Journal of Psychiatry

Singapore was one of the first Asian countries to be affected by the Covid-19 outbreak. The article shares the experience of a consultation liaison psychiatry service within the largest women and children’s hospital in Singapore. The adoption of telepsychiatry has enabled continuous provision of care whilst reducing unnecessary exposure to COVID-19. This clinical case demonstrates the clinical utility of the telemedicine service for youth mental healthcare during the pandemic.

Journal article

Mediating effects of parental stress on harsh parenting and parent-child relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore

AUTHOR(S)
Gerard Chung; Paul Lanier; Peace Yuh Ju Wong

Published: September 2020 Journal: Journal of Family Violence

Because of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, “Circuit-breaker” safety distancing was implemented in Singapore from April to May 2020. Schools and workplaces were closed and parents had to balance telecommuting with parenting responsibilities. Coupled with the high degree of economic uncertainty and reduced social support, these circumstances are hypothesized to increase parenting stress. Based on the Parental Stress Model, this study aims to understand how parents’ perceived impact of COVID-19 increased harsh parenting and reduced parent-child relationship closeness through the mediating effects of parenting stress.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 12 | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection, Mental Health | Tags: child abuse and neglect, COVID-19 response, domestic violence, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, parent-child relationship, psychological distress | Countries: Singapore

Research Report

Embracing telehealth: supporting young children and families through occupational therapy in Singapore during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Hepsi Priyadharsini ; Jing Jing Chiang

Published: September 2020 Journal: World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin

COVID-19 has significantly changed the way we work, play, and lead our everyday lives. It has caused serious public health, economic and social challenges, impacting individuals’ health and well-being. Our Occupational Therapy (OT) services at Child Development Unit (CDU), which is a hospital-based outpatient paediatric clinic, had to adapt to pandemic-related national policies to provide ongoing support and care for our patients and families. Healthcare services were required to leverage on teleconsultations and suspend physical consultations during the national ‘Circuit Breaker’ period. This disruption made us review our clinic workflows and service delivery options to comply with pandemic-related national measures. Our service continuity was maintained through teleconsultations, online parent workshops and developing online resources for community outreach. Though challenging, online platforms have continued to create new opportunities in providing care to our families, and supporting

Journal article

Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics

AUTHOR(S)
Nicholas Davies; Petra Klepac; Yang Liu

Published: July 2020 Journal: Nature Medicine

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a markedly low proportion of cases among children. Age disparities in observed cases could be explained by children having lower susceptibility to infection, lower propensity to show clinical symptoms or both. We evaluate these possibilities by fitting an age-structured mathematical model to epidemic data from China, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Canada and South Korea. We estimate that susceptibility to infection in individuals under 20 years of age is approximately half that of adults aged over 20 years, and that clinical symptoms manifest in 21% (95% credible interval: 12–31%) of infections in 10- to 19-year-olds, rising to 69% (57–82%) of infections in people aged over 70 years. Accordingly, we find that interventions aimed at children might have a relatively small impact on reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, particularly if the transmissibility of subclinical infections is low. Our age-specific clinical fraction and susceptibility estimates have implications for the expected global burden of COVID-19, as a result of demographic differences across settings. In countries with younger population structures—such as many low-income countries—the expected per capita incidence of clinical cases would be lower than in countries with older population structures, although it is likely that comorbidities in low-income countries will also influence disease severity. Without effective control measures, regions with relatively older populations could see disproportionally more cases of COVID-19, particularly in the later stages of an unmitigated epidemic.

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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Read the latest quarterly digest on children and disabilities.

The second digest discussed children and violence during the pandemic.

The first digest covers children and youth mental health under COVID-19.

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