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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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226 - 240 of 1129
Routine SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for all children

AUTHOR(S)
Kristina De Paris; Sallie R. Permar

Published: July 2022   Journal: Immunological Reviews
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented health and economic losses. Children generally present with less severe disease from this virus compared with adults, yet neonates and children with COVID-19 can require hospitalization, and older children can develop severe complications, such as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome, resulting in >1500 deaths in children from COVID-19 since the onset of the pandemic. The introduction of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in school-age children and adult populations combined with the emergence of new, more highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants has resulted in a proportional increase of infections in young children. Here, we discuss (1) the current knowledge on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis in comparison with adults, (2) the data on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in children, and (3) the benefits of early life SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Outcomes in neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 during the second wave in India

AUTHOR(S)
Sushma Malik; Dipty Jain; Chandrakant M. Bokade (et al.)

Published: July 2022   Journal: European Journal of Pediatric
COVID-19 pandemic has affected all age groups globally including pregnant women and their neonates. The aim of the study was to understand outcomes in neonates of mothers with COVID-19 during the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of 2524 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers was conducted during the first wave (n = 1782) and second wave (n = 742) of the COVID-19 pandemic at five study sites of the PregCovid registry in Maharashtra, India. A significant difference was noted in preterm birth, which was higher in the second wave (15.0%, 111/742) compared to the first wave (7.8%, 139/1782) (P < 0.001). The proportion of neonates requiring NICU admission was significantly higher in the second wave (19.0%, 141/742) as compared to that in the first wave (14.8%, 264/1782) (P < 0.05). On comparing regional differences, significantly higher neonatal complications were reported from Mumbai metropolitan region (P < 0.05). During the second wave of COVID-19, birth asphyxia and prematurity were 3.8- and 2.1-fold higher respectively (P < 0.001). Neonatal resuscitation at birth was significantly higher in second wave (3.4%, 25/742 vs 1.8%, 32/1782) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates was comparable (4.2% vs 4.6%) with no significant difference between the two waves.
Immunologic response, efficacy, and safety of vaccines against COVID-19 infection in healthy and immunosuppressed children and adolescents aged 2–21 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Sara Sadeghi; Yasamin Kalantari; Sima Shokri (et al.)

Published: July 2022   Journal: Journal of Clinical Virology
Children and adolescents form a large proportion of societies and play an important role in the transmission of COVID-19. On the other hand, their education, mental and physical wellness, and safety are compromised which makes vaccination a crucial step to return to normal life. In the current systematic review, the COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated in a total of 50,148 children and adolescents in 22 published studies and 5,279 participants in two ongoing clinical trials. The study was registered in the PROSPERO with the ID# CRD42022303615. Data were collected about multiple vaccines including BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), JNJ-78436735 (Johnson and Johnson), CoronaVac (Sinovac), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), adenovirus type-5-vectored vaccine, ZyCov-D, and BBV152 (COVAXIN). The immune response and efficacy of such vaccines were 96% – 100% in healthy children and adolescents and were also acceptable in those with underlying diseases and suppressed immune systems.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and influential factors among Thai parents and guardians to vaccinate their children

AUTHOR(S)
Amornphat Kitro; Wachiranun Sirikul; Ekkamon Dilokkhamaruk (et al.)

Published: July 2022   Journal: Vaccine: X

The ongoing COVID-19 has had a huge worldwide influence. Vaccinations are a crucial component of illness prevention. Thailand's vaccination program for children above the age of five is in its initial stages. Many Thai parents are still unwilling to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of parental hesitancy and influential variables among Thai parents and guardians living in Thailand. This was a cross-sectional survey in Thailand during October and November of 2021. Through online social media networks, an online survey (REDcap) was distributed. Thai parents and guardians with at least one child under the age of 18 were invited to participate.

The effect of mother's knowledge about child supplementation on giving supplementation during the Covid-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Ratna Arifiana; Leila Nisya Ayuanda; Ely Krisnawaty

Published: June 2022   Journal: Urecol Journal. Part C: Health Sciences
Covid-19 cases in the group of children in Indonesia are increasing, reaching around 11-12%. Covid-19 cases in children in Indonesia are the highest cases in the world. One of the efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in children is to increase immunity and health in children, which can be done by giving supplements to children. One of the factors that influence the provision of supplements to children is the mother's knowledge. This study uses quantitative analysis by analyzing the effect of the mother's level of knowledge about giving supplementation to children with supplementation to children. The subjects in this study were mothers who had children aged 0 months to 5 years. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, so the number of samples in this study was 107 mothers. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire in the form of a google form which had been tested for validity and reliability.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 2 | Issue: 1 | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, disease transmission, infectious disease, maternal care, parent-child relationship | Countries: Indonesia
Parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in diverse communities: a national survey

AUTHOR(S)
Annabelle de St Maurice; Ray Block; Gabriel Sanchez (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Academic Pediatrics
This study surveyed a diverse group of US participants to understand parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. It administered a telephone and online survey from May 7-June 7, 2021 using stratified sampling to ensure robust sample sizes of racial and ethnic minorities. Of the 20,280 contacted, 12,288 respondents completed the survey (response rate 61%). It used chi-square tests and adjusted risk ratios to compare results by racial/ethnic group.
Difficult questions about long COVID in children

AUTHOR(S)
Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter

Published: June 2022   Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to leave long-lasting marks on a generation of children and young people, mainly from indirect effects, including those of school closures, social isolation and a so-called immunity debt resulting from 2 years with reduced exposure to common pathogens. A small proportion of children have had serious sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection itself, with the most dramatic being multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).  Furthermore, a less well-defined entity, termed long COVID or post-COVID-19 condition, has been suggested, referring to children with long-lasting symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection that are not explained by another disease.
Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vVaccines in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

AUTHOR(S)
Fangyuan Tian; Ruonan Yang; Zhaoyan Chen

Published: June 2022   Journal: Journal of Medical Virology
This paper aims to systematically review and synthesize the safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in children and adolescents. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR), and ClinicalTrials.gov website were searched to collect accessible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the safety and efficacy of human COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents until May 1, 2022. Three steps, including duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text review, were used to screen the studies. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to assess the bias risk of the included studies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Feifei Li; Wei Liang; Ryan E. Rhodes (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: BMC Public Health
The purpose of this review was to synthesize the empirical evidence of relevant studies related to preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents. Further to this, we aimed to identify the demographic, psychological, and social and environmental correlates of such behaviors. Following PRISMA guidelines, eligible literature was identifed by searching seven databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO registry platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov website) and reference list of included studies and relevant review papers from 1st Jan 2020 to 28th Feb 2021. The standardized mean diference and correlation coefcients r were extracted to estimate the efect sizes. Analyses were conducted using R software.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign: risk perception, emotional states, and vaccine hesitancy in a sample of adolescents' vaccinated parents in Southern Italy

AUTHOR(S)
Giulia Savarese; Luna Carpinelli; Anna De Chiara (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Vaccines
The international strategic plan for COVID-19 vaccines remains the practical option for the protection of health. However, vaccine hesitancy remains an obstacle to full population vaccination, with rapid developments in COVID-19 vaccines and concerns about efficacy acting as influencing factors. The present study investigated the perception of vaccine hesitancy among parents of adolescents in order to explore the reasons and related emotional states. In January–March 2022, an online questionnaire was administered to a sample of parents who brought their children to the vaccine center of a local health unit, ASL Salerno (Campania, Italy).
Measuring parents' acceptance of non-national immunization program vaccines for children and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China

AUTHOR(S)
Linlin Wu; Zhuoying Huang; Xiang Guo (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
This study aimed to understand the willingness of and affecting factors of non-national immunization program (non-NIP) vaccines among children’s parents during the COVID-19 era in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with parents who attended vaccination clinics in four out of 16 districts in Shanghai, China. Data was obtained using a self-administered structured questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with vaccination acceptability. In total, 1691 valid questionnaires were obtained.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 18 | Issue: 5 | No. of pages: 7 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19, immunization, immunization programmes, infectious disease, vaccination, vaccination policies | Countries: China
Assessing the prevalence of young children living in households prepared for COVID-19 in 56 low- and middle-income countries

AUTHOR(S)
Chunling Lu; Yiqun Luan; Sara N. Naicker (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Global Health Research and Policy

The COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ attempts to contain it are negatively affecting young children’s health and development in ways we are only beginning to understand and measure. Responses to the pandemic are driven largely by confining children and families to their homes. This study aims to assess the levels of and associated socioeconomic disparities in household preparedness for protecting young children under the age of five from being exposed to communicable diseases, such as COVID-19, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using data from nationally representative household surveys in 56 LMICs since 2016, we estimated the percentages of young children under the age of five living in households prepared for communicable diseases (e.g., COVID-19) and associated residential and wealth disparities at the country- and aggregate-level. Preparedness was defined on the basis of space for quarantine, adequacy of toilet facilities and hand hygiene, mass media exposure at least once a week, and phone ownership. Disparities within countries were measured as the absolute gap in two domains—household wealth and residential area - and compared across regions and country income groups.

Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses

AUTHOR(S)
Sandra Lopez-Leon; Talia Wegman-Ostrosky; Norma Cipatli Ayuzo del Valle (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Scientific Reports
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to estimate the prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents and to present the full spectrum of symptoms present after acute COVID-19. It used PubMed and Embase to identify observational studies published before February 10th, 2022 that included a minimum of 30 patients with ages ranging from 0 to 18 years that met the National Institute for Healthcare Excellence (NICE) definition of long-COVID, which consists of both ongoing (4 to 12 weeks) and post-COVID-19 (≥ 12 weeks) symptoms. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics.
In whose best interest? Parental hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine for children in Japan: a literature survey study

AUTHOR(S)
Shizuko Takahashi; Eisuke Nakazawa; Akira Akabayashi

Published: June 2022   Journal: COVID
In early February 2022, the Japanese government sent COVID-19 vaccine vouchers to children ages 5–11. Using keywords obtained from the voucher, the frequently asked questions section, and experts, this study descriptively analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination for children and their parents through a web-based literature survey of media articles and government homepage statements in Japan. For children, vaccination helps prevent severe symptoms and may be particularly beneficial for children in low-income families by lowering the rate of suicide and at-home child abuse. For parents, not vaccinating their child allows them to fulfill a more traditional role as a parent (mothers in particular), reduces the gender gap for mothers, and provides greater peace of mind about their child’s future fertility. This study also examined the governmental vaccination campaigns targeting children from public health perspectives.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 2 | Issue: 7 | No. of pages: 10 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19, immunization, immunization programmes, infectious disease, pandemic, vaccination, vaccination policies | Countries: Japan
Pediatric and adolescent COVID‐19 vaccination side effects: a retrospective cohort study of Iranian teenage group in 2021

AUTHOR(S)
Nader Tavakoli; Nahid Nafissi; Sima Shokri (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Journal of Medical Virology
This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy profile of teenager COVID-19 vaccination. In this retrospective cohort study, contact numbers of parents of teenagers under 18 years of age referred to a teenager vaccination centers in Tehran-Iran to receive the corona vaccine were collected, and the following information was obtained via the phones: demographic information, type of vaccine, and the number of doses received, as well as additional information like complications and required treatments. Eleven thousand forty-two subjects aged 10−18 years, mean age 14.55 ± 1.83 year  including 5374 boys and 5768 girls were investigated.
226 - 240 of 1129

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UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.