Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

COVID-19 anxiety and quality of life among adolescent pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Mohammad Saeed Jadgal; Hadi Alizadeh-Siuki; Nayyereh Kasiri (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

This study aims to determine the relationship between the COVID-19 anxiety and the quality of life among adolescent pregnant women in Dashtiari city, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 216 adolescent pregnant women in Dashtiari city, Iran in 2021 who met the inclusion criteria participated in a multi-stage sampling. Data collection tools included: demographic information, COVID-19 Anxiety Scale and a questionnaire of quality of life. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software version 21 using descriptive, Chi-square, Tukey and logistic regression tests.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent pregnancy, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental stress, pregnancy, psychological distress, social distance | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic Of

Journal article

Pregnancy trends and associated factors among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Ouma Congo; George Otieno; Imeldah Wakhungu (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Advances in Global Health

Globally, COVID-19 has had a negative impact on health systems and health outcomes, with evidence of differential gender impacts emerging. The COVID-19 timeline of events spanning from closures and restrictions to phased reopenings is well-documented in Kenya. This unique COVID-19 situation offered us the opportunity to study a natural experiment on pregnancy trends and outcomes in a cohort of Kenyan adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), enrolled in the KENya Single-dose HPV-vaccine Efficacy (KEN SHE) Study. The KEN SHE Study enrolled sexually active AGYW aged 15–20 years from central and western Kenya. Pregnancy testing was performed at enrollment and every 3 months. This study determined pregnancy incidence trends pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown, pregnancy outcomes (delivery, spontaneous, or induced abortion), and postabortion and postpartum contraceptive uptake. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of incidence rates were used to estimate the cumulative probability of pregnancy during the study period.

Journal article

Risk factors for adolescent pregnancy in the new normal era of the Covid-19 pandemic: a case-control study

AUTHOR(S)
Eny Qurniyawati; Santi Martini; Fariani Syahrul (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: BIO Web of Conferences

Cases of early marriage are reported to have increased during the pandemic due to stressed teenagers with the pressure of online learning. The increase in this number plays a role in increasing the risk of teenage pregnancy. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors for adolescent pregnancies during the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A case-control design using a simple random sampling technique involved 40 pregnant adolescents aged 15-19 years and 80 non-pregnant adolescents during the online learning period (July 2021 to January 2022) in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. Data obtained from interviews were analysed to find Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

Journal article

Trends in pregnancy rates in an urban adolescent clinic before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Shannon L. Fitzgerald; Shannon Davis; Suzanne Dahlberg (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: Clinical Pediatrics

We examined COVID-19 pandemic-related changes on reproductive health care delivery and pregnancy rates in an adolescent clinic. Through a retrospective data collection as part of quality improvement project, we compared the number of pregnancies, visit percentages for newly diagnosed pregnancies, and number/percentage of long acting reversible contraception (LARC) visits. The percentage of visits for newly diagnosed pregnancies during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-June 2020) increased significantly relative to pre-pandemic percentages while the absolute number of new pregnancies only trended upward. Over the same timeframe, the total number of LARC visits decreased, although they consisted of a higher percentage of all in-person visits than pre-pandemic. After the first few months of the pandemic, these values returned to pre-pandemic levels. The substantial increase in the rate of new pregnancies during the first 3 to 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the importance of prioritizing access to reproductive health care services for adolescents and young adults.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of socioeconomic influences and essential interventions

AUTHOR(S)
Kelly Kons; Adriana A. E. Biney; Kristin Sznajder

Published: June 2022 Journal: International Journal of Sexual Health

A literature review was conducted to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on documented preexisting determinants of adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa such as poverty, inequitable gender norms, low access to education, and reproductive health services. The terms “sub-Saharan Africa,” “Gender Norms,” “Poverty,” and “Adolescent Pregnancy” were used to search the literature for preexisting determinants of adolescent pregnancy in academic and grey literature. “COVID-19” was added to investigate the potential consequences of the pandemic. The literature revealed similar experiences in adolescent girls during the Ebola outbreak, which lead to the analysis of government and healthcare official responses to previous epidemics.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent girls, adolescent pregnancy, COVID-19 response, education of girls, gender based violence, gender equality, gender roles, lockdown, poverty, reproductive health, social distance, social inequality

Journal article

Unplanned pregnancy among secondary students during the Covid 19 pandemic: a phenomenological study

AUTHOR(S)
Carmel Vip C. Derasin; Lloyd Vincent C. Derasin; Carren Joy G. De Pedro (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: International Journal of Science and Management Studies

The study focused on Teenage Pregnancy among Secondary Students during the Covid 19- Pandemic. The study made use of hermeneutic phenomenological research design in exploring the Lived experiences of teen mothers. The informants of the study are the five teen mothers. The informants were selected using a purposive sampling procedure. in addition, the study was conducted in different parts of Cebu Province and the Colaizzi method was used by the researchers to analyze the data. The study yielded seven themes which include; (1) engaging in sexual intercourse for fun, (2) unplanned pregnancy, (3) Financial Difficulties, (4) Postponing education, (5) Ridicule from the Neighbors, (6) Physical and Emotional Abuse and (7). Joy and Happiness. Moreover, the study revealed that Teenagers who become pregnant face numerous hurdles and hardships in their lives which were intensified by the current pandemic yet despite these obstacles, they are happy and fulfilled as mothers, and they are optimistic and determined to overcome these obstacles for the sake of their child's future.

Journal article

“A little bit closer”: a mixed method analysis of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of adolescent parents

AUTHOR(S)
Shelby M. Astle; Jeneé C. Duncan; Michelle L. Toews (et al.)

Published: December 2021 Journal: Journal of Adolescent Research

Using a Family Stress Model framework, this study used quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the impact of the pandemic on Latinx pregnant and parenting adolescents and their families. Participants were 406 adolescents (ages 14–19) in the southwestern U.S. who participated in a school-based relationship education program for pregnant and parenting adolescents. The quantitative analysis compared self-reported mental health (depressive symptoms, worry, parental stress), coparental relationships (conflict and communication), and parenting of adolescents who participated prior to the pandemic (N = 357; 83.6% female; 84.7% Latinx) with those who participated during the pandemic (N = 49; 74.6% female; 87.8% Latinx). Unexpectedly, the pandemic-period cohort reported fewer depressive symptoms, less parental stress, more frequent coparental communication, and more positive coparental communication and conflict management than the pre-pandemic cohort.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent parents, adolescent pregnancy, adolescent psychology, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, psychological distress, social distance | Countries: United States

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries

AUTHOR(S)
Salima Meherali; Bisi Adewale; Sonam Ali (et al.)

Published: December 2021 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are struggling with accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, and COVID-19 has escalated the problem. The purpose of this review was to identify and assess the existing literature on the impact of the pandemic on SRH needs and access to services by adolescents in LMICs. A scoping review was conducted to collate findings on the topic. Searches were performed on eight databases. Data were extracted and categorized into various themes.

Journal article

Parenting in a pandemic: needs of teen parents during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Yael Smiley; Noushine Sadeghi; Christiana Jolda (et al.)

Published: October 2021 Journal: Clinical Pediatrics

The COVID-19 pandemic places a disproportionate burden on teen parents as they balance health and wellness with multiple other responsibilities including parenting, childcare, education and employment. This is an important issue in the United States where the teemn birth rate exceeds that of comparable developed nations. In 2018 there were 179.871 live births to 15 to 19 year olds in the United States. Teen parents are at high risk of stress due to economic instability, inadequate access to health care and educational challenges. In addition teen parents are more likely to experience traumatic exposures, thereby facing higher levels of chronic toxic stress.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent parents, adolescent pregnancy, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, psychological distress, social distance | Countries: United States

Research Report

Tracking the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent girls in Kenya : special edition COVID-19 barometer

Institution: *UNICEF, Shujaaz Inc.
Published: August 2021

One of the objectives of this collaboration is to produce a range of youth-led, data-driven research products, providing insight into the most effective ways to support young people in East Africa. This special edition Barometer is designed to provide a snapshot into the lives of Kenyan girls aged 15-19 (also referred to as adolescent girls) in 2021. This edition of COVID-19 Barometer includes new insights from Shujaaz Inc’s annual national youth survey, which draws on face-to-face interviews with 2,015 young people conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. Drawing on additional qualitative research, the Barometer aims to provide an update on the challenges, lifestyles, priorities and aspirations of adolescent girls, during a turbulent pandemic. This edition focuses on key topics including education, sexual and reproductive health, financial security, mental wellbeing and resilience. We hope it provides a valuable update for organisations working with adolescent girls across Kenya, and inspiration for similar research in East and Southern African countries.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 19 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent girls, adolescent pregnancy, education of girls, gender equality, gender roles, reproductive health, violence against women, women's health, women's rights | Countries: Kenya | Publisher: *UNICEF, Shujaaz Inc.

Research Report

Covid-19 and female learners in South Sudan: the impact of school closures in Juba, Rumbek, Kapoeta, Torit and Pibor

Institution: Institute of Social Policy and Research
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting closure of South Sudan’s schools in March 2020 exacerbated many of the challenges female learners face in pursuing an education. Research found that increased poverty, domestic care work, early and forced marriage, and teenage pregnancy would make it difficult for female learners to return to schools when they reopened in May 2021. Greater financial and material support to female learners and their schools; more inclusive school environments for mothers, married or pregnant learners; and improved availability of services for learners experiencing gender-based violence, early and forced marriage or pregnancy are necessary to adequately support female learners to continue their education.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 35 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent pregnancy, COVID-19 response, early marriage, education of girls, gender based violence, gender equality, lockdown, school attendance, women's education, women's role | Countries: Sudan | Publisher: Oxfam

Journal article

COVID-19 and the surge of child marriages: a phenomenon in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia

AUTHOR(S)
Maila D. H. Rahiem

Published: July 2021 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

Worldwide, there has been a massive increase in child marriages following the COVID-19 crisis. In Indonesia, too, this figure has risen with Indonesia ranked amongst ten countries with the highest rates of child marriage in the world. One of the Indonesian provinces with a high incidence of child marriage cases is in Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). This study aims to examine what is causing the rate of child marriages to increase since the outbreak of COVID-19 in NTB.

Research Report

Promises to keep: impact of COVID-19 on adolescents in Kenya

AUTHOR(S)
Julie Mwabe; Karen Austrian; Sheila Macharia

Institution: Population Council
Published: July 2021

This new report is one of the first in the world to look exclusively at the impact of COVID-19 on adolescents’ lives. It leverages data collected on the social, education, health, and economic effects of COVID-19 on adolescents in June 2020 and again in February 2021, and features contributions and recommendations from girls and boys who are part of advisory groups in Nairobi, Kisumu, Kilifi and Wajir counties, where the data was collected.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 93 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent pregnancy, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, early marriage, education of girls, educational policy, gender based violence, gender equality, nutrition | Countries: Kenya | Publisher: Population Council

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Early marriage and teenage pregnancy: the unspoken consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria

AUTHOR(S)
Shuaibu Saidu Musa; Goodness Ogeyi Odey; Muhammad Kabir Musa (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Public Health in Practice

Early marriage and its sad consequences to the girl child and socio-economic development of the nation has been an age-long issue being advocated against in many parts of Nigeria. At the onset of COVID-19, the teeming efforts to curb this issue almost got jeopardized with harsh economic situations in many households due to the lockdown and the willingness to marry off their girls to reduce this burden. Closure of schools and cases of sexual gender based violence also impacted the prevalence of early marriage during the pandemic in Nigeria.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 2 | No. of pages: 3 | Language: English | Topics: Child Poverty, Child Protection, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent pregnancy, child poverty, COVID-19 response, early marriage, economic and social conditions, gender based violence, gender equality, lockdown, school attendance | Countries: Nigeria

Journal article

The relationship between perceived stress, uncertainty emotions and hopelessness regarding pandemics in pregnant women

AUTHOR(S)
Gamze Fiskin

Published: June 2021 Journal: The Journal of Community Psychology

The objective of this study was to determine the emotional reactions of pregnant women towards the pandemic and to increase awareness of healthcare professionals on this subject. In this descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study, an online questionnaire was applied to 375 pregnant women (n = 375). Data were collected with pregnant information form, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale. The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.495 ± 4.301, and the mean gestational week was 27.469 ± 7.971. Pregnant women's levels of perceived stress and intolerance to uncertainty were high. There was a moderate positive correlation between stress and uncertainty levels of the women who stated that they experienced mild hopelessness. It is recommended to identify risky groups and provide the necessary psychological support by health professionals during the pandemic.

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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

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