UNICEF Innocenti: Children and COVID-19 Research Library

When adolescents are in school during COVID-19: coordination between school-based health centers and education is key

AUTHOR(S)
Sara Anderson; Simon Haeder; Kelli Caseman (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health

Schools and School-based Health Centers (SBHC) play complementary roles in adolescent’s lives. The intersection between health care, notably SBHCs, and education has never seemed as pronounced as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Amidst the rapidly changing landscapes for both education and healthcare lie ample opportunities for better alignment of strategies to ensure that, once children return to the classroom (whether in person or virtual), all have access to a comprehensive, culturally appropriate, affordable healthcare delivery systems. This study provides recommendations related to SBHCs that could benefit adolescent health during the return to school.

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Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Blossom Fernandes; Urmi Nanda Biswas; Roseann Tan-Mansukhani (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on everyday functioning, considerable measures being taken to reduce the spread of the virus. Schools and social avenues have been placed on prolonged lockdowns, with people continuing to maintain physical distance. Adolescents and young people have had to endure significant stress alongside dealing with developmental characteristics. Amidst all of this, studies report an increase in gaming addiction and internet use with detrimental impact on psychosocial well-being. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of lockdown on internet use in adolescents, comparing their habits from before the pandemic. Furthermore, this research aimed to investigate the relationship between gaming addiction, internet use and COVID-19 worries. Adolescents from several countries (e.g., India, Malaysia, Mexico and the UK) completed online questionnaires, shared via social media and youth networks. These measures included questions on internet, social media, gaming, depression, loneliness, escapism and COVID-19. Results show that adolescents generally have increased their use of social media sites and streaming services.

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Cite this research | No. of pages: 59-65 | Language: Spanish | Topics: Health, Mental Health, Education | Tags: behavioural change, adolescent health, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, social media, multi-country, social distance

Journal article

COVID-19 impact on behaviors across the 24-hour day in children and adolescents: physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep

AUTHOR(S)
Lauren C. Bates; Gabriel Zieff; Kathleen Stanford (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Children (Basel)

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, social restrictions to contain the spread of the virus have disrupted behaviors across the 24-h day including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among children (5–12 years old) and adolescents (13–17 years old). Preliminary evidence reports significant decreases in physical activity, increases in sedentary behavior, and disrupted sleep schedules/sleep quality in children and adolescents. This commentary discusses the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on behaviors across the 24-h day in children and adolescents. Furthermore, we suggest recommendations through the lens of a socio-ecological model to provide strategies for lasting behavior change to insure the health and well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

A rapid review investigating the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of young people aged 12–25 years

AUTHOR(S)
A. O’Reilly; M. Tibbs; A. Booth (et al.)

Published: September 2020

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Adolescence and early adulthood are peak times for the onset of mental health difficulties. Exposure to a pandemic during this vulnerable developmental period places young people at significant risk of negative psychological experiences. The objective of this research was to summarise existing evidence on the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of 12–25 year olds. A rapid review of the published peer-reviewed literature, published between 1985 and 2020, using PsycINFO (Proquest) and Medline (Proquest) was conducted. Narrative synthesis was used across studies to identify key themes and concepts.

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Cite this research | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent health, mental health, mental stress, psychological distress, COVID-19 response

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents compared with adults

AUTHOR(S)
Russell M. Viner; Oliver T. Mytton; Chris Bonell (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: JAMA Pediatrics

In this systematic review and meta-analysis including 32 studies, children and adolescents younger than 20 years had 44% lower odds of secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared with adults 20 years and older; this finding was most marked in those younger than 10 to 14 years. Data were insufficient to conclude whether transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children is lower than by adults. Preliminary evidence suggests that children have a lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with adults, but the role that children and adolescents play in transmission of this virus remains unclear.

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Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescent health, child health, disease transmission, infectious disease, COVID-19

Journal article

Contextualizing parental/familial influence on physical activity in adolescents before and during COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Barbara Gilic; Ljerka Ostojic; Marin Corluka (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Children

Parental and familial factors influence numerous aspects of adolescents’ lives, including their physical activity level (PAL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in PAL which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate influence of sociodemographic and parental/familial factors on PAL levels before and during pandemic in adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample included 688 adolescents (15–18 years of age; 322 females) who were tested on two occasions: in January 2020 (baseline; before the COVID-19 pandemic) and in April 2020 (follow-up; during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown).

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Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent psychology, psychological distress, school attendance, COVID-19 response, lockdown, physical activity, social distance | Countries: Bosnia And Herzegovina

Journal article

Health-related behaviors among school-aged children and adolescents during the Spanish Covid-19 confinement

AUTHOR(S)
Rubén López-Bueno; Guillermo F. López-Sánchez; José A. Casajús (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) world pandemic, affected countries such as Spain enacted measures comprising compulsory confinement as well as restrictions regarding free movement. Such measures likely influence children's and adolescents' lifestyles. Our study aimed to investigate the impact that the Covid-19 confinement has on health-related behaviors among Spanish children and adolescents. An online survey was administered to 516 parents to collect data about 860 children and adolescents (49.2% girls) aged between 3 and 16 years in relation to physical activity, screen exposure, sleep time, and fruit and vegetable consumption during the Covid-19 confinement.

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Journal article

Anxiety in older adolescents at the time of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Pietro Smirni; Gioacchino Lavanco; Daniela Smirni

Published: September 2020 Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine

The current study investigated the state of anxiety and emotional awareness in a sample of healthy older adolescents, 84 females and 64 males, aged 17 to 19, during the pandemic lockdown, using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Italian Emotion Awareness Questionnaire. An unexpected anxious phenomenology was found, affecting anxiety and the ideo-affective domain, while somatic symptomatology appeared to be less severe. The highest anxiety symptoms were breathing difficulties. These findings supported the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic may be a risk condition for an increased state of anxiety in older adolescents and suggested the need to provide (1) an effective, empathic communication system with direct participation of older adolescents, (2) a psychological counseling service for the stress management of adolescents.

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Journal article

COVID-19 pandemic: the impact on vulnerable children and young people in Australia

AUTHOR(S)
Benjamin Jones; Susan Woolfenden; Sandra Pengilly (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

This article aims to present the reasons for vulnerability of children and young people (CYP) during the pandemic, and to focus on actions by health professionals that mitigate additional challenges to their health and well-being. Using a rapid review of the literature and team-based discussions, eight vulnerable groups were identified: CYP with disabilities, mental health conditions and chronic diseases; CYP facing financial hardship; within the child protection system; Aboriginal; migrant and refugee; in residential care; rural; and isolated CYP. Recommendations for action are required at the level of governments, health professionals and researchers and include enhancing access to health and social supports, prioritising vulnerable CYP in resuming health activity and elevating the voice of CYP in designing the response.

This

article aims to present the reasons for vulnerability of CYP during the pandemic, and to focus on actions by health professionals that mitigate

additional challenges to their health and well-being. Using a rapid review of the literature and team-based discussions, eight vulnerable groups

were identied: CYP with disabilities, mental health conditions and chronic diseases; CYP facing nancial hardship; within the child protection sys-

tem; Aboriginal; migrant and refugee; in residential care; rural; and isolated CYP. 

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Research Report

Protect the progress: rise, refocus, recover

Institution: *UNICEF, World Health Organisation
Published: September 2020 UNICEF Publication

Since the Every Woman Every Child movement was launched 10 years ago, there has been remarkable progress in improving the health of the world’s women, children, and adolescents, including reducing maternal and child mortality and improving child nutrition and education. However, conflict, climate instability, and the COVID-19 pandemic are putting all children and adolescents at risk . In particular, the COVID-19 crisis is exacerbating inequities, with reported disruptions in essential health interventions disproportionately impacting the most vulnerable women and children.
This report notes that the COVID-19 pandemic has made clear how fundamental good data are across sectors; that greater investments are needed to build resilient systems to provide high-quality and integrated services consistently; and COVID-19 recovery efforts require multilateral action and continued investment in development.

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Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescents and young women

AUTHOR(S)
Helena Vall-Roqué; Ana Andrés; Carmina Saldaña

Published: September 2020

This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites (SNS) use and to explore whether SNS use is associated with body image disturbances and low self-esteem. The results suggest that lockdown has had an impact on SNS use, and this might be linked to increased drive for thinness and eating disorder risk among adolescents and young women.

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Journal article

Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment

AUTHOR(S)
Raktim Mitra; Sarah A. Moore; Meredith Gillespie (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Health & Place

This paper explores patterns of increased/ decreased physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours among Canadian children and youth aged 5-17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines how these changes are associated with the built environment near residential locations.

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Journal article

Contextualizing parental/familial influence on physical activity in adolescents before and during COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Barbara Gilic; Ljerka Ostojic; Marin Corluka (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Children

Parental and familial factors influence numerous aspects of adolescents’ lives, including their physical activity level (PAL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in PAL which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate influence of sociodemographic and parental/familial factors on PAL levels before and during pandemic in adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Journal article

Gender, work-family conflict and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 among Quebec graduate students

AUTHOR(S)
Jaunathan Bilodeau; Nancy Beauregard; Amélie Quesnel-Vallée (et al.)

Published: September 2020

This study aims to document the gendered experience of the lockdown and its association with depressive symptoms among graduate students in Quebec. The policy measures taken after the COVID-19 were not gender- neutral. This study demonstrates the importance of taking gendered effects of policies into consideration, and points to mitigating actions that can forestall the exacerbation of gendered inequalities in mental health.

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Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

AUTHOR(S)
Xiaojian Cui; Zhihu Zhao; Tongqiang Zhang (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: Journal of Medical Virology

To provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in pediatric patients. A meta‐analysis was carried out to identify studies on COVID‐19 from 25 December 2019 to 30 April 2020. A total of 48 studies with 5829 pediatric patients were included.

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