Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Home-based exercise program for adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis quarantined during COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study

AUTHOR(S)
Camilla Astley; Sofia Mendes Sieczkowska; Isabela Gouveia Marques (et al.)

Published: November 2021 Journal: Pediatric Rheumatology

Exercise has been suggested to prevent deterioration of health-related quality of life (HRQL) and overall health in pediatric rheumatologic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein we describe the effects of a 12-week, home-based, exercise program on overall health and quality of life among quarantined patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). Method: This prospective, quasi-experimental, mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between July and December 2020, during the most restricted period of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The homebased exercise program consisted of a 12-week, three-times-a-week, aerobic and strengthening (bodyweight) training program. Qualitative data were systematically evaluated. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQOL) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) evaluate symptoms of mental health disorder, HRQL, and quality of sleep.

Journal article

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on asthma symptoms and management: A prospective analysis of asthmatic children in Ecuador

AUTHOR(S)
Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés; Cristina Ochoa-Avilés; Diana A. Morillo-Argudo

Published: June 2021 Journal: World Allergy Organization Journal

Asthma affects up to 33% of children in Latin American settings. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on access to and use of health services. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on asthma exacerbations, medical facility visits, and use of asthma medications in children. It used data from a prospective cohort of 213 children aged 5–17 years in 3 Ecuadorian cities and analysed the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on asthma.

Journal article

Impact of COVID-19 on pediatric clinical research

AUTHOR(S)
Nhu N. Tran; Michelle Tran; Jeraldine Lopez (et al.)

Published: June 2021 Journal: Journal of Pediatric Nursing

Many public institutions and settings have taken action to limit exposure to and slow the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This paper sought to characterize the impact of stay-at-home orders on the study of cerebral autoregulation and its association with developmental delays in infants with congenital heart disease compared with healthy controls.

Journal article

An autopsy study of the spectrum of severe COVID-19 in children: From SARS to different phenotypes of MIS-C

AUTHOR(S)
Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto; Elia Garcia Caldini; Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvea (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: EClinicalMedicine

COVID-19 in children is usually mild or asymptomatic, but severe and fatal paediatric cases have been described. The pathology of COVID-19 in children is not known; the proposed pathogenesis for severe cases includes immune-mediated mechanisms or the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on tissues. We describe the autopsy findings in five cases of paediatric COVID-19 and provide mechanistic insight into the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Children and adolescents who died with COVID-19 between March 18 and August 15, 2020 were autopsied with a minimally invasive method. Tissue samples from all vital organs were analysed by histology, electron microscopy (EM), reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Journal article

A case series of children and young people admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Germany with COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Jonathan Remppis; Tina Ganzenmueller; Malte Kohns Vasconcelos (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: BMC Infectious Diseases

While our knowledge about COVID-19 in adults has rapidly increased, data on the course of disease and outcome in children with different comorbidities is still limited. Prospective, observational study at a tertiary care children’s hospital in southern Germany. Clinical and virology data from all paediatric patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital were prospectively assessed.

Journal article

Serious infectious events and ibuprofen administration in pediatrics: a narrative review in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Lucia Quaglietta; Massimo Martinelli; Annamaria Staiano

Published: January 2021 Journal: Italian Journal of Pediatrics

Despite its recognized efficacy and tolerability profile, during the last decade a rise of adverse events following ibuprofen administration in children has been reported, including a possible role in worsening the clinical course of infections. Our aim was to critically evaluate the safety of ibuprofen during the course of pediatric infectious disease in order to promote its appropriate use in children.

Journal article

PTSD in parents of children with severe diseases: a systematic review to face Covid-19 impact

AUTHOR(S)
Martina Corsi; Alessandro Orsini; Virginia Pedrinelli (et al.)

Published: January 2021 Journal: Italian Journal of Pediatrics

The literature agrees on the impact of post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of seriously ill children but there is less clarity about the real extent and gender differences of this psychopathological risk. The recent Covid-19 outbreak highlighted new burdens for researchers on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and clear evidence-based knowledge on this issue is timely needed. This review aims to present a synthesis of the updated evidence on PTSD rates in parents of children with severe diseases. It also aims to try to understand if research in this field has been refined over time with the long-term intent to better face the new challenges of Covid-19 in the paediatric field.

Journal article

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on treatment adherence and patients’ behavior

AUTHOR(S)
Lev Dorfman; Raouf Nassar; Dalit Binjamin Ohana (et al.)

Published: January 2021 Journal: Pediatric Research

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affects medical care worldwide, including patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, we aimed to assess its impact on health care provision, fear of infection, adherence to medical treatment, and compliance with preventative instructions in children and adolescents with IBD.

Cite this research | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child diseases, COVID-19, disease control, disease transmission, mental stress | Countries: Israel

Journal article

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown in children with neurological disorders in Italy

AUTHOR(S)
Stefania Maria Bova; Martina Basso; Marta Francesca Bianchi (et al.)

Published: December 2020

The costs and benefits of full lockdown measures are debated. Neurologically impaired children are a vulnerable population with specific needs in terms of protection against infection and access to health services. This study investigated the effects of lockdown on the health of children with neurological disorders and on their access to care during lockdown.

Research Report

Pneumonia & diarrhea progress report 2020

Institution: Save the Children
Published: November 2020

Pneumonia and diarrhea are leading killers of children under the age of five, claiming the lives of more young children globally than any other infectious disease. The impacts of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic aggravate these heath risks. International Vaccine Access Center's (IVAC) annual Pneumonia & Diarrhea Progress Report evaluates the progress across 10 high-impact indicators outlined in the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD) in the 15 countries with the greatest burden of under-five pneumonia and diarrhea deaths.

Journal article

What chances do children have against COVID-19? Is the answer hidden within the thymus?

AUTHOR(S)
Hatice Güneş; Serpil Dinçer; Can Acıpayam (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: European Journal of Pediatrics

As with other types of coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 affects children less frequently, and it has been observed that the disease is mild. In the pathogenesis of a standard viral infection, the pathogen’s contact with the mucosa is initially followed by an innate immunity response. T cells are the primary decisive element in adaptive immunity capability. For this reason, the adaptive immune response mediated by the thymus is a process that regulates the immune response responsible for preventing invasive damage from a virus. Regulatory T cells (T-reg) are active during the early periods of life and have precise roles in immunomodulation. The thymus is highly active in the intrauterine and neonatal period; it begins to shrink after birth and continues its activity until adolescence. The loss of T-reg function by age results in difficulty with the control of the immune response, increased inflammation as shown in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as an inflammatory storm. Also, the thymus is typically able to replace the T cells destroyed by apoptosis caused by the virus. Thymus and T cells are the key factors of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Since thymus activity and T lymphocyte function in children protect them against the virus effects, stimulating and preventing the inhibition of the thymus can be possible treatment components against COVID-19.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Comparing Chinese children and adults with RT-PCR positive COVID-19: a systematic review

AUTHOR(S)
Yigang Pei; Wenguang Liu; Ismail Bilal Masokano (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: Journal of Infection and Public Health

The various clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with RT-PCR positive patients have been reported. However, the differences in the clinical presentation between children and adults were unclear. Thus, this review aimes to investigate the differences in the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics between Chinese children and adults with COVID-19 by systematically analyzing the data derived from some latest literatures. An extensive search of COVID-19 papers was conducted in PubMed and Chinese medical journal network, and relevant articles were selected based on some standard requirements. The included papers were analyzed for differences in clinical manifestation between children and adults with COVID-19 after the quality evaluation with the QUADAS-2 tool.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal viral shedding in children with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and synthesis of data

AUTHOR(S)
Cecilia L. H. Xu; Manjri Raval; Jesse A. Schnall (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are more likely to have mild or no symptoms compared with adults and may represent important vectors for transmitting the virus. Little is known about the duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal viral shedding in children with COVID-19. This study performed a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies reporting real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) results in children with COVID-19, then extracted and synthesized data on duration of viral shedding from symptom onset in respiratory and gastrointestinal samples.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

COVID-19 and child neurology care

AUTHOR(S)
Sheffali Gulati; Juhi Gupta; Priyanka Madaan

Published: September 2020 Journal: Neurology India

The escalating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a multitude of challenges for pediatric neurologists. These range from managing children with COVID-19 presenting with neurological involvement to diagnosing COVID-19 in children presenting with isolated neurological manifestations and providing a continuum of care to children with pre-existing or newly diagnosed neurological disorders during this difficult time.

Journal article

Social distancing for COVID-19 and diagnoses of other infectious diseases in children

AUTHOR(S)
Jonathan Hatoun; Emily Trudell Correa; Sara Mary Alice Donahue (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Pediatrics

Social distancing (SD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has largely removed children from school, day care, and other contact with peers. In addition to reducing transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, these changes would be expected to reduce the transmission of other infectious diseases among children. This study aims to determine the effect of SD on 12 infectious diseases commonly diagnosed in pediatric primary care that are contagious to various extents.

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

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