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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Accessibility at what price? Therapists' experiences of remote psychotherapy with children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Anette Erlandsson; David Forsström; Alexander Rozental (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy has traditionally been delivered in person, but recent technological advances have made it possible to conduct remote treatments. There is currently strong evidence for the efficacy of guided self-help with online support from a therapist, but less is known about video-mediated psychotherapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has however forced many therapists to provide remote treatments. This transition might be especially trying for therapists of children and adolescents, but their experiences are underexplored. This study aimed to investigate their perceptions of video-mediated psychotherapy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 therapists and analyzed using thematic analysis. The therapists described how they struggled with technical and ethical issues and tried to overcome the loss of their usual therapeutic tools. They were concerned that the online format led to less effective treatments or could have negative effects, even if it might increase care availability. Generally, they felt frustrated, inadequate, and stressed, and experienced less job satisfaction. The therapists concluded that video-mediated sessions might be a good alternative for children and adolescents – provided the therapists themselves could determine for whom and when to offer video sessions. Implications of their experiences are discussed, including how psychotherapy training might have to incorporate issues related to remote psychotherapy.
Bear in a window: Australian children's perspectives on lockdown and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Barbara F. Kelly; Chloé Diskin-Holdaway

Published: November 2022   Journal: Children & Society
This paper examines the reflections of a cohort of Australian children who lived through the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic and experienced being in ‘lockdown’; a state of largely being confined to the home for long periods daily. It reports how children reflect on their experiences and illustrates how reflections draw on similar topics focused on localised child concerns regarding health, education, family, digital engagement, mealtimes and food. Further, it argues for the importance of including children's own voices of lived experience in reports regarding life during the pandemic since these perspectives may differ from those reported by adults on children's behalf.
The socio-affective stimulation of primary school students

AUTHOR(S)
Larissa Machuca-Fernández; Nayra Martínez-Manzanares; Yara Inés Alcívar-López (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: International Journal of Health Sciences,
In the post-pandemic context, the growing level of complexity of Cuban social and educational environments, as well as the low perception of risk with minors from home, generated the need for educational practices, although they are based on the principle of the unity of the cognitive with the affective, to ponder the socio-affective content in the formative process of the new generations. Faced with this challenge, the objective of this research was declared: to favor the socio-affective stimulation of primary school students from a sociopedagogical conception. The diagnosis carried out with a mixed approach revealed cognitive and procedural deficiencies in the socio-affective stimulation of primary schoolchildren, which led to the structuring of a sociopedagogical proposal. It was based on the theoretical methods inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic, historical-logical and systemic-structural-functional. It had a flexible, participatory and contextualized vision, whose feasibility to enter the educational praxis was corroborated by the criterion method of specialists and the user method.
‘We can play tag with a stick’. Children's knowledge, experiences, feelings and creative thinking during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Nwakerendu Waboso; Laurel Donison; Rebecca Raby (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Children & Society
Using a relational approach, this study draws on repeated interviews with a group of 30 diverse children from Ontario to share and reflect on their knowledge, experiences and feelings early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Prioritising relational interdependence and relational agency, this paper illustrates our participants' embedded engagements with the pandemic and their contribution to the co-production of knowledge. It emphasises their thoughtful responses to the pandemic; their creative, self-reflexive strategies for managing a difficult time; and their advice to others. It thus prioritises children's viewpoints and emphasises their relational interconnections with others during a time that was marked by social isolation.
Perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent psychiatric services after 1 year (February/March 2021): ESCAP CovCAP survey

AUTHOR(S)
Alexis Revet; Johannes Hebebrand; Dimitris Anagnostopoulo (et al.)

Published: July 2021   Journal: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
In April 2020, the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP) Research Academy and the ESCAP Board launched the first questionnaire of the CovCAP longitudinal survey to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) services in Europe. This brief report presents the main findings from the second questionnaire of the survey, one year after the COVID-19 pandemic began to hit Europe (i.e., February/March 2021).
I didn't know I have the capacity to be creative: children's experiences of how creativity promoted their sense of well-being: a pilot randomised controlled study in school arts therapies

AUTHOR(S)
Z. Moula

Published: July 2021   Journal: Public Health

Creativity has been found to be one of the key therapeutic elements in arts therapies. Arts therapies are psychotherapeutic approaches that aim to facilitate psychological change and personal growth through arts media, such as music, drama, dance, movement and virtual arts. This article presents the findings from children's experiences of participating in arts therapies, particularly those related to creativity. This study followed a pilot randomised controlled design with embedded qualitative and arts-based methods. Sixty-two children with mild emotional and behavioural difficulties were recruited across four primary schools in North West England.

Risk and protective factors related to children’s symptoms of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention during the COVID-19-related lockdown in France: results from a community sample

AUTHOR(S)
Flore Moulin; Tarik El‑Aarbaoui; Joel José Herranz Bustamante (et al.)

Published: March 2021   Journal: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
The COVID-19 epidemic has spread worldwide since December 2019. To contain it, preventive measures including social distancing, economic shutdown, and school closures were introduced, carrying the risk of mental health burden in adults and children. Although the knowledge base regarding children’s response to trauma and adverse events in general has broadened, descriptions of their mental health during epidemics remain scarce. In particular, the role of family socioeconomic characteristics and parental mental health are poorly understood.
The short-term effect of COVID-19 on schoolchildren's generosity

AUTHOR(S)
Hubert János Kiss; Tamás Keller

Published: March 2021   Journal: Applied Economics Letters
This online survey aims to measure the change in altruism of primary school students (N = 983) towards classmates and schoolmates during the school closures due to COVID-19. The W1 responses arrived, on average, after 39 days of online education, while W2 responses arrived, on average, 31 days after W1. There was no significant change in generosity both towards classmates and schoolmates between waves. Students with better cognitive abilities are less likely to become selfish towards schoolmates.
Children’s working theories about Covid-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand

AUTHOR(S)
Raella Kahuroa; Linda Mitchell; Olivia Ng (et al.)

Published: January 2021   Journal: European Early Childhood Education Research Journal
As the COVID-19 virus has spread worldwide, much attention has been paid to its impact on the health and wellbeing of adults, with less attention to how the virus has impacted on young children. This article draws on documentation and video data from a kindergarten in Aotearoa New Zealand. It discusses the working theories of 4 year-old children whose teachers encouraged them to draw, construct images, explain and tell stories about their experiences, ideas and feelings about the virus. A main argument is that children’s working theories about the virus, knowledge of the virus and sense of personal control over keeping themselves safe developed over time. Arts-based and storytelling pedagogy were central in enabling children to communicate with others, to be understood themselves and to extend their own understanding.
Creatively cope stress of children during lockdown: a review

AUTHOR(S)
Mansi Dwivedi; Vaibhav Srivastava

Published: September 2020   Journal: The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy
This paper aims to identify the signs of stress in children during lockdown in India and to help children coping with their psychological stress during lockdown in India.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 8 | Issue: 2 | No. of pages: 326-330 | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: child mental health, child psychology, child well-being, lockdown, psychological distress | Countries: India
The influence of classroom seating arrangement on children's cognitive processes in primary school: The role of individual variables

AUTHOR(S)
Valentina Tobia; Simona Sacchi; Veronica Cerina

Published: September 2020
To date, despite the great debate regarding the best seating arrangement for learning in classrooms, no empirical studies have examined the direct effects of different seating arrangements on children’s cognitive processes. This is particularly important nowadays that the COVID-19 measures include maintaining distance in the classroom. Aim of this study was experimentally investigating the effect of changing the seating arrangement (clusters vs. rows and columns), on logical reasoning, creativity and theory of mind, in children attending primary school. Furthermore, some individual characteristics (e.g., gender, loneliness, popularity) were analysed as potential moderators.
Children, dying parents and COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Steve Marshall; Andrew Rowland; Susan Higgins (et al.)

Published: September 2020   Journal: British Journal of Child Health
This paper evaluates the impact that COVID-19 pandemic had on children’s involvement when a parent is dying in the UK. Culturally competent, evidence-based services should be urgently commissioned to meet the holistic needs of children when a parent is dying with COVID-19 to reduce the risks of long-term harm.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 1 | Issue: 4 | No. of pages: 1 | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: child mental health, child psychology, death | Countries: United Kingdom
Analysis of stress, anxiety and depression of children during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Samir Bandyopadhyay; Shawni Dutta

Published: August 2020
The main aim of the paper is to find out how symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress on parents due to COVID-19.
Impact of COVID-19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect

AUTHOR(S)
Ritwik GHOSH Ghosh; Mahua J. Dubey; Subhankar Chatterje (et al.)

Published: June 2020   Journal: Minerva Pediatrica
Although medical literature shows that children are minimally susceptible to 2019-Corona virus disease (COVID-19), they are hit the hardest by psychosocial impact of this pandemic. Being quarantined in homes and institutions may impose greater psychological burden than the physical sufferings caused by the virus. School closure, lack of outdoor activity, aberrant dietary and sleeping habits are likely to disrupt children’s usual lifestyle and can potentially promote monoto- ny, distress, impatience, annoyance and varied neuropsychiatric manifestations. Incidences of domestic violence, child abuse, adulterated online contents are on the rise. Children of single parent and frontline workers suffer unique problems. The children from marginalized communities are particularly susceptible to the infection and may suffer from extended ill-consequences of this pandemic, such as child labor, child trafficking, child marriage, sexual exploitation and death etc. Parents, pediatricians, psychologists, social workers, hospital authorities, government and non-governmental organizations have important roles to play to mitigate the psychosocial ill-effects of COVID-19 on children and adolescents. To provide the basic amenities, social security, medical care, and to minimize the educational inequities among the children of the different strata of the society are foremost priorities.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 72 | Issue: 3 | No. of pages: 12 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: child psychology, COVID-19, COVID-19 response, impact, pandemic, psychology
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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.