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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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1006 - 1020 of 1396
Changes in childhood vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan

AUTHOR(S)
Yuta Aizawa; Tomohiro Katsuta; Hiroshi Sakiyama (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: Vaccine
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected daily life. COVID-19 often causes asymptomatic or mild disease in children; however, delayed routine childhood immunization is a concern, as it could increase the risk of vaccine-preventable disease. No study has evaluated the status of childhood vaccinations in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 7 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, health services, vaccination, vaccination policies | Countries: Japan
Exploration and ethical analysis of open-label pediatric vaccine trials in a pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Ian D. Wolfe; Angira Patel; Larry K. Kociolek (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: Clinical Therapeutics
Young children will ultimately need to be vaccinated to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Initial studies of vaccine were performed in adults. Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard. In the COVID-19 pandemic, many questions need to be answered about the ethics and feasibility of these trials. Given the harms of the COVID-19 pandemic and the now-known efficacy of the vaccines in adults and teens, the question of whether clinical equipoise exists for a placebo-controlled trial of vaccines in younger children remains. Parents may be reluctant to enroll children in these trials because they want their child to receive the vaccine or because they are worried about vaccines or clinical trials in general. One option for gathering data on tolerability and efficacy in children would be to use a nonrandomized trial to enroll parents willing to vaccinate their children and those who are hesitant. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such an open-label trial that could provide guidance for future pandemics.
Impact of COVID-19 on pediatric Immunocompromised patients

AUTHOR(S)
James A. Connelly; Hey Chong; Adam J. Esbenshade (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: Pediatric Clinics of North America
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused critical coronavirus disease (COVID-19) most often in the elderly and individuals with co-morbid medical conditions. Although growing evidence supports the importance of an intact innate immune response at the onset of viral infection, mortality caused by dysregulated immune responses, particularly in adults, has shown a spotlight on the delicate balance of a robust, but coordinated and controlled immune activity against infection.  This complex network of infection, immune response, and inflammation with SARS-CoV-2 has created concerns, questions, and challenges for immunocompromised children beyond fear of death from contracting SARS-CoV-2. This review examines how adaptations by health care systems to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and treat the surge of COVID-19 patients impacted immunocompromised pediatric patients.

Assessing School-based Policy actions for COVID-19: an agent-based analysis of incremental infection risk

AUTHOR(S)
Reyhaneh Zafarnejad; Paul M. Griffin

Published: May 2021   Journal: Computers in Biology and Medicine
Many schools and universities have seen a significant increase in the spread of COVID-19. As such, a number of non-pharmaceutical interventions have been proposed including distancing requirements, surveillance testing, and updating ventilation systems. Unfortunately, there is limited guidance for which policy or set of policies are most effective for a specific school system. This study develops a novel approach to model the spread of SARS-CoV-2 quanta in a closed classroom environment that extends traditional transmission models that assume uniform mixing through air recirculation by including the local spread of quanta from a contagious source. In addition, the behavior of students with respect to guideline compliance was modeled through an agent-based simulation.
Prevalence and changes in food-related hardships by socioeconomic and demographic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: A longitudinal panel study

AUTHOR(S)
Jonathan Koltaia; Veronica Toffolutti; Martin McKee (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
Food insecurity concerns have featured prominently in the UK response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed changes in the prevalence of food-related hardships in the UK population from April to July 2020. It analysed longitudinal data on food-related hardships for 11,104 respondents from the April-July 2020 waves of the Understanding Society COVID-19 web survey with linked data from the 2017-9 wave of the annual Understanding Society survey. Outcome variables were reports of being hungry but not eating and of being unable to eat healthy and nutritious food in the last week, which were adapted from the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. The study used unadjusted estimates to examine changes in population prevalence and logistic regression to assess the association between employment transitions and both outcomes at the individual level.
COVID-19 outbreaks following full reopening of primary and secondary schools in England: Cross-sectional national surveillance, November 2020

AUTHOR(S)
Felicity Aiano; Anna A. Mensah; Kelsey McOwat (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
The full reopening of schools in September 2020 was associated with an increase in COVID-19 cases and outbreaks in educational settings across England. Primary and secondary schools reporting an outbreak (≥2 laboratory-confirmed cases within 14 days) to Public Health England (PHE) between 31 August and 18 October 2020 were contacted in November 2020 to complete an online questionnaire.
Passive tobacco smoke in children and young people during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Mira Osinibi; Atul Gupta; Katharine Harman (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

During the past year, COVID-19 has necessitated numerous lockdowns, including the closure of schools, causing children and young people to spend more time in their homes. For some children, whose family members smoke, more time at home has meant increased SHS and THS exposure, whereas the school and after-school environment are smoke-free. In addition, parents or other family members might be home working, and so where they would usually smoke away from their home, for example when they go to their workplace, they are now smoking at home. This study aimed to ascertain the changing habits of smoking or ex-smoking parents of children and young people with severe respiratory disease, identified from a tertiary paediatric respiratory clinic during the pandemic. 50 parents have been given an 11-point questionnaire (panel) to respond to over the telephone (January–February, 2021).

The Care of Children With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Daniel C. Moreira; Gerard C. Millen; Stephen Sands (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book
The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably changed health services for children with cancer worldwide by creating barriers throughout the care continuum. Reports available at this time suggest that asymptomatic and mild upper and lower respiratory tract syndromes are the most common presentation of COVID-19 in children with cancer. Nonetheless, severe cases of COVID-19 and deaths secondary to the infection have been reported. In addition to the direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, children with cancer have suffered from the collateral consequences of the pandemic, including decreased access to diagnosis and cancer-directed therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to safe and effective care of children with cancer, including their enrollment in therapeutic clinical trials.
Quality of life and occupational performance of children with cancer in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of rehabilitation

AUTHOR(S)
Gözde Önal; Güleser Güney; Meral Huri

Published: May 2021   Journal: Quality of Life Research
This study was designed to determine the changes in the quality of life (QOL) and occupational performance of children with cancer and to examine their rehabilitation needs during the pandemic period in Turkey. 60 children with cancer and their families participated in the study. The first and second assessments were carried out in April and September 2020, respectively. The pediatric quality of life inventory parent proxy-report was used to evaluate the QOL, and the Canadian occupational performance measurement was used to evaluate children’s occupational performance and satisfaction. A qualitative interview was planned to determine the impact of the pandemic on children with cancer alongside their families and therefore determining the rehabilitation needs of the children.
Management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 infection

AUTHOR(S)
Pei-Ni Jone; Melanie D. Everitt

Published: May 2021   Journal: Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics

The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 infection.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 10 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, coronavirus, COVID-19
Vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2

AUTHOR(S)
Jennie S. Lavine; Ottar Bjornstad; Rustom Antia

Published: May 2021   Journal: BMJ
Following widespread vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 of older adults and other highly vulnerable groups, some high income countries are now considering vaccinating children; just days ago, the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the use of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in children 12-15 years of age. Young people have been largely spared from severe covid-19 so far, and the value of childhood vaccination against respiratory viruses in general remains an open question for three reasons: the limited benefits of protection in age groups that experience only mild disease; the limited effects on transmission because of the range of antigenic types and waning vaccine induced immunity; and the possibility of unintended consequences related to differences in vaccine induced and infection induced immunity. Each issue is discussed in turn.
Bibliography of published COVID-19 in children literature

AUTHOR(S)
Philippa Anna Stilwell; Alasdair P. S. Munro; Emre Basatemur (et al.)

Published: May 2021   Journal: Archives of Disease in Childhood

The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest worldwide health challenge in this century. Research concerning the role of children in the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and investigating the clinical effects of infection in children, has been vital. This paper describes the publication trend for pertinent scientific literature relating to COVID-19 in children during the first 6 months of the pandemic. A comprehensive search of preprint and published literature was conducted daily across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid-Embase and MedRXiv) between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

How has the occupational performance and participation levels of children with cancer changed during the COVID-19 pandemic?

AUTHOR(S)
Güleser Güney; Gözde Önal; Meral Huri

Published: May 2021   Journal: Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics Latest Articles

This study aimed to examine how the occupational performance (OP) and participation levels of children with cancer changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty-seven children with cancer (aged 6–12 years) completed the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure by giving information about their OP and participation, and their parents completed the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation via online interview techniques. Evaluations were repeated twice in April and September 2020 to determine the change in OP and participation levels of children with cancer due to the COVID-19.

Children and Covid 19 in the UK

AUTHOR(S)
Louise Holt; Lesley Murray

Published: May 2021   Journal: Children's Geographies
The UK has been one of the most badly affected nations of the Global North by the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of illness, death rates and a severe economic downturn. Children have been impacted severely (and unequally), with UK lockdown meaning that many children were away from school and usual leisure activities for six months during the first lockdown. This study revised this viewpoint during the third lockdown when schools were closed again for an indefinite time. Despite substantial media and policy debate about the impact of COVID-19 on young people, with a focus on education, young people’s own voices tend to be obscured in these mainstream accounts. By contrast, the Children’s Commissioner for England has focused on young people’s accounts, which are discussed in this viewpoint.
Reflections from the forgotten frontline: ‘the reality for children and staff in residential care’ during COVID‐19

AUTHOR(S)
Sarah Parry DClinPsy; Tracey Williams; Jeremy Oldfield

Published: May 2021   Journal: Health and Social Care in the Community
Currently, 78,150 children are in care in England, with 11% of the most vulnerable living in 2,460 residential homes due to multitype traumas. These children require safe and secure trauma-informed therapeutic care. However, the children's residential care workforce delivering this vital care is an unrepresented, under-researched and largely unsupported professional group. The workforce undertakes physically and emotionally challenging work in difficult conditions, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Practitioner wellbeing is directly associated with outcomes for children. Therefore, we sought to understand how experiences within the workforce could improve overall working conditions, and thus outcomes for staff and children.
1006 - 1020 of 1396

UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.