Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Looking for your cross‐group friends after the breakout? Children's intergroup contact behaviours before and after the onset of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Sabahat Cigdem Bagci; Faruk Tayyip Yalcin; Abbas Turnuklu (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: British Journal of Social Psychology

While COVID-19 implications for prejudice have been investigated among adults in previous research, children's intergroup reactions to the pandemic and specifically how native children's contact behaviours with refugees might have changed after the pandemic has not been examined yet. Drawing on a unique longitudinal school dataset (N = 861, 5th graders, M age reported at T1 = 10.38, SD = 0.68) collected before the onset of the pandemic (T1, pre-lockdown), after the onset of the pandemic (T2, post-lockdown), and 6 months after the post-lockdown (T3, follow-up) in Turkey, this study examined how children's contact behaviour (positive and negative contact), contact motivation (self-efficacy and volition), as well as behavioural tendencies (approach and avoidance) have shifted during this period (2.5 years).

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Migration, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: behavioural change, child mental health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, refugee children, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: Turkey

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children living in shelters and children in the community (Review)

AUTHOR(S)
Elisavet Damaskopoulou; Eleni Papakonstantinou; Flora Bacopoulou (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: World Academy of Sciences Journal

In the first 2 years of the pandemic, from late 2019 to late 2021, several studies were conducted to determine the experience of children during the continuous lockdowns, school closures and isolation from their friends, teachers or relatives. The studies conducted included children being raised in childcare facilities and children being raised in their own homes, in various parts of the world. Numerous children worldwide, in addition to the stress and difficulties experienced by adults and minors during these years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic, have experienced physical, psychological and sexual abuse. The available data indicate that the number of children presenting to hospitals with injuries from abuse has increased, despite the fact that there was a decrease in the number of reports of child abuse during the lockdowns. The financial difficulties that a number of families have faced, and continue to face, comprise the most prominent risk factor for child neglect. Additionally, a marked decrease has also been noted in the provision of care to children in care homes as regards quality. This has been mainly due to a reduction in the number of employees, either as they themselves or someone they cared for became infected with COVID-19, or as the employees and care givers suffered from exhaustion brought on by the very difficult working conditions and very strict measures taken during this period of the pandemic.

Journal article

Risks and opportunities for children's well-being in resource-constrained multigenerational households during COVID-19: implications for school psychology interventions

AUTHOR(S)
Kamleshie Mohangi

Published: December 2022 Journal: School Psychology International

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a global impact on family social and economic well-being. Individuals and families sought alternative living arrangements as a result of the financial crisis, health implications, and housing insecurity, with many joining multigenerational households. However, it is unknown how multigenerational family life affects children's well-being. Therefore, this qualitative study explored risks and resilience-building opportunities for children's psychological and social well-being in resource-constrained multigenerational households during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Five multigenerational families were selected through snowball sampling and case design. The three generations of participants were grandparents (n = 5), parents (n = 7), and children (n = 4). Data were gathered through a questionnaire and interviews. The study received institutional ethics approval. After thematic analysis, two themes and six sub-themes were identified. Risks were related to interpersonal conflict, family collective fear of COVID-19, and children's multiple other fears. Opportunities were identified as academic support, shared responsibilities, life skills and values acquisition, and family cohesion.

Journal article

Childhood and children's migration in the era of COVID‐19: a case study of Zimbabwean children/young people's migration to South Africa

AUTHOR(S)
Roda Madziva; Innocent Mahiya; Chamunogwa Nyoni

Published: December 2022 Journal: Children & Society

This paper draws on research with a group of Zimbabwean orphaned young people. It explores their experiences of migrating to South Africa during the COVID-19 period when official borders were closed. It draws attention to the complexities of south–south migration in the era of COVID-19 in a way that situates the orphaned child migrants as having contradictory, fluid identities that are simultaneously victimised, agentic and infinitely more complex than the dominant binary representation of adult/child.

Journal article

How parental internet use impacted parenting practices and children's behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Demetris Hadjicharalambous; Loucia Demetriou; Elena Michael–Hadjikyriakou

Published: December 2022 Journal: British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies

This survey aimed to investigate how online parental behavior affects their parenting practices and how such practices may affect their family relations, their children’s social competencies, school achievements, and self–esteem. It examined a sample of 357 Greek-speaking parents (77.3% mothers and 22.7% fathers). It applied Young's (1998) Internet Addiction Questionnaire, the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), and Kontopoulou's (2008) questionnaire to assess children's school performance and social competencies, their self-esteem, and family relationships.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

The impact of COVID‐19 on school‐age children

AUTHOR(S)
Glen Stone; Tyler Witzig; Constance McIntosh

Published: December 2022 Journal: Psychology in the Schools

The paper examines the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on school-age children and their families. Changes to their daily lives were examined through the lens of their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. An analysis of current literature was conducted examining the emerging research on the pandemic's effects on families. A case example is provided to offer a narrative snapshot of the many experiences faced by children and families throughout school closures and stay at home orders.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent well-being, child health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, family environment, lockdown, social distance

Journal article

Natural course of health and well-being in non-hospitalised children and young people after testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective follow-up study over 12 months

AUTHOR(S)
Snehal M. Pinto Pereira; Roz Shafran; Manjula D. Nugawela (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

Despite high numbers of children and young people (CYP) having acute COVID, there has been no prospective follow-up of CYP to establish the pattern of health and well-being over a year following infection. A non-hospitalised, national sample of 5086 (2909 SARS-COV-2 Positive; 2177 SARS-COV-2 Negative at baseline) CYP aged 11–17 completed questionnaires 6- and 12-months after PCR-tests between October 2020 and March 2021 confirming SARS-CoV-2 infection (excluding CYP with subsequent (re)infections). SARS-COV-2 Positive CYP was compared to age, sex and geographically-matched test-negative CYP.

Journal article

The change in children's subjective relational social cohesion with family and friends during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Oliver Nahkur; Dagmar Kutsar

Published: December 2022 Journal: Frontiers in Sociology

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, social-distancing measures have been implemented worldwide, including school closures. Previous studies indicated that children's relational social cohesion with family (RSC-Fa) and friends (RSC-Fr) may have decreased during the pandemic, but some children described that positive experiences were gained from the confinement measures of social distancing. Mostly, these studies are qualitative or capture a single country and have an exploratory character. Using data collected in 2021 of more than 20,000 children primarily aged 9–13 years as part of the International Children's Worlds COVID-19 Supplement Survey from 18 countries (Germany, Turkey, Bangladesh, Italy, Albania, Romania, Chile, Wales, Taiwan, Belgium, Algeria, Israel, Russia, South Korea, Indonesia, Estonia, Finland, and Spain), this study aimed to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected children's RSC-Fa and RSC-Fr and explore the role of relational factors. RSC-Fa and RSC-Fr are measured through satisfaction in relationships with family members and friends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. This study employed descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 21 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: behavioural change, child well-being, COVID-19 response, family environment, lockdown, multi-country, parent-child relationship, social behaviour, social distance

Journal article

Play and learn: children's agency through the COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique

AUTHOR(S)
Marina Di Napoli Pastore; Francesca Salvi

Published: December 2022 Journal: Children & Society

Social distancing, one of the measures adopted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, profoundly impacted on the lives of children. The consequences were, however, not homogenous. By focusing on the daily practices of 41 Mozambican children aged 3–10, this study considers how differences in socioeconomic backgrounds led children to respond to the social restrictions in ways that made sense to them. Inspired by Abebe (2019), it identifies how the interruptions of daily routines enabled specific instances of agency on children's part.

Journal article

The COVID-19 pandemic and quality of life: experiences contributing to and harming the well-being of Canadian children and adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Christine Gervais; Isabel Côté; Sophie Lampron-deSouza (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice

The pandemic’s restrictive measures such as lockdowns, social distancing, and the wearing of masks transformed young people’s daily lives and brought up major concerns regarding children’s and adolescents’ well-being. This longitudinal mixed study aims to identify how different experiences contributed to children’s and adolescents’ well-being through different stages of the pandemic. The sample comprises 149 Canadian youth from Quebec who shared their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and adolescents were met virtually for semi-directed interviews about their well-being at three measurement time (T1: May 2020 lockdown, T2: July 2020 progressive reopening, and T3: beginning of the second wave). At T3, they also completed a questionnaire measuring their quality of life.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

School closures and mental health, wellbeing and health behaviours among children and adolescents during the second COVID-19 wave: a systematic review of the literature

AUTHOR(S)
Rosella Saulle; Manuela De Sario; Antonella Bena (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: Epidemiologia & Prevenzione

This research aims to evaluate the impact of school closures, as a measure to contain the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, on the psychological well-being of students of all levels starting from the 2020-2021 school year. A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines. The literature search was conducted on 4 different databases: MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, and L.OVE Platform. Quantitative observational studies published until 10.01.2022 were included. Studies conducted during the first pandemic wave, i.e., during the 2019-2020 school year and/or during the mandatory lockdown or confinement period, were excluded. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with validated scales. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently by two authors.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 46 | No. of pages: 333-352 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, child health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental stress, psychological distress, social distance

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Children have faced several challenges: analyzing reports of children who became orphans caused by COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Sarah Madinatu Hassan

Published: November 2022 Journal: Ilomata International Journal of Social Science

Many children have become orphans due to COVID-19. Their experiences have been under reported due to focus on other areas. This study explores adverse social consequences of children who became orphans due to COVID-19. With the aid of a documentary review approach, this study extracts and analyzes reports from 11 highly ranked news reporting sites in the United States of America that contained expert opinions and narratives on the negative social consequences of being orphaned by COVID-19. Analysis of data followed the narrative thematic analysis procedure. The outstanding themes identified are the loss of caregivers and primary social support system, and increased risk of mental health concerns.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 12 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: child health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, economic and social conditions, lockdown, orphans, social distance, social services | Countries: United States

Journal article

Family dinners and family relationships following the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Loren D. Marks; Heather H. Kelley; David C. Dollahite (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: Marriage & Family Review

In the context of the COVID-19 shutdowns, we explored associations between family dinner and family well-being among 731 adult parents in the United States who currently had at least one child residing in their home. The panel survey was administered during the summer of 2020 (June 18 through July 22). Participants were asked to respond to questions about relational processes before the COVID-19 shutdowns, at the height of the shutdowns, and currently (i.e., at the time of data collection).

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: child well-being, COVID-19 response, family environment, lockdown, parent-child relationship, social distance | Countries: United States

Journal article

Children's centres, families and food insecurity in times of crisis

AUTHOR(S)
William Baker; Ioanna Bakopoulou

Published: November 2022 Journal: Journal of Poverty and Social Justice

This study examines how children’s centres in a major city in England responded to food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic by helping to run ‘FOOD Clubs’ to support families. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with children’s centre staff, it analyses how clubs were organised, why people joined them, and the range of benefits parents derived from them. It extends the literature on food insecurity which focuses heavily on the rise of foodbanks. These data also informs broader policy debates around supporting parents in poverty, effective early years provision and the challenges facing families experiencing food insecurity.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 1-18 | Language: English | Topics: Child Poverty, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Nutrition | Tags: child nutrition, child well-being, COVID-19 response, household food security, lockdown, social distance, social inequality | Countries: United Kingdom

Journal article

The role of social transfers in mitigating families with children from the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Sanna Kärkkäinen; Merita Mesiäislehto; Outi Sirniö (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: International Journal of Social Welfare

This study investigated the household income of families with children. Its specific interest was the earned income losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how social transfers have mitigated those losses. It assessed the monthly income levels by comparing the information on the year prior to pandemic to income levels during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

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