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AUTHOR(S) Frank Zhu; Jocelyn Y. Ang
Due to the rapidly changing landscape of COVID-19, the purpose of this review is to provide a concise and updated summary of pediatric COVID-19 diagnosis and management. The relative proportion of pediatric cases have significantly increased following the emergence of the Omicron variant (from < 2% in the early pandemic to 25% from 1/27 to 2/3/22). While children present with milder symptoms than adults, severe disease can still occur, particularly in children with comorbidities. There is a relative paucity of pediatric data in the management of COVID-19 and the majority of recommendations remain based on adult data.
AUTHOR(S) Nursan Cinar; Ozge Karakaya Suzan; Sinem Ozturkler (et al.)
AUTHOR(S) Sarah L. Silverberg; Bei Yuan Zhang; Shu Nan Jessica Li (et al.)
Understanding of the role of children in COVID-19 transmission has significant implications for school and childcare policies, as well as appropriate targeting of vaccine campaigns. The objective of this systematic review was to identify the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission to other children and adults. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were electronically searched for articles published before March 31, 2021. Studies of child-to-child and child-to-adult transmission and quantified the incidence of index and resulting secondary attack rates of children and adults in schools, households, and other congregate pediatric settings were identified. All articles describing confirmed transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from a child were included. PRISMA guidelines for data abstraction were followed, with each step conducted by two reviewers.
AUTHOR(S) Elisabetta Colosi; Giulia Bassignana; Diego Andrés Contreras (et al.)
Schools were closed extensively in 2020-21 to counter SARS-CoV-2 spread, impacting students' education and wellbeing. With highly contagious variants expanding in Europe, safe options to maintain schools open are urgently needed. By estimating school-specific transmissibility, this study evaluates costs and benefits of different protocols for SARS-CoV-2 control at school. The study developed an agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools. It used empirical contact data in a primary and a secondary school and data from pilot screenings in 683 schools during the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) wave in March-June, 2021, in France. It fitted the model to observed school prevalence to estimate the school-specific effective reproductive number for the alpha (Ralpha) and delta (B.1.617.2; Rdelta) variants and performed a cost-benefit analysis examining different intervention protocols.
AUTHOR(S) Camille Daclina; Marie Carbonnela; Manon Rossignol (et al.)
To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women who were infected by COVID-19 during pregnancy. A Case control retrospective study was conducted in an Obstetrical Department of a west Parisian area during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between a group of women infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy (March 2020- February 2021) and a control group of women delivering before pandemic. They were matched according to age and parity. Subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring before vs after 37 weeks of gestations and symptomatic vs asymptomatic patients were analyzed. The rate of preterm birth, preeclampsia, placental abruption and stillbirth were compared between the year of pandemic and the year before for all deliveries.
AUTHOR(S) Micah Hartwell; Vanessa Lin; Ashton Gatewood (et al.)
AUTHOR(S) Aleksandra Wesołowska; Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz; Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura (et al.)
AUTHOR(S) Ketil Størdal; Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz; Margrethe Greve-Isdahl (et al.)
This study aims to determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation among children and adolescents. It is a nationwide, population-based cohort study which was conducted in Norway from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2021 and included all Norwegian residents<18 years of age.
AUTHOR(S) Kuo-Yu Chao; Tung-Yuan Hsiao; Wei Cheng
AUTHOR(S) John Allotey; Shaunak Chatterjee; Tania Kew (et al.)
This study aims to assess the rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the timing of mother-to-child transmission and perinatal outcomes, and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 status in offspring. It is a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Major databases have beeen used as data sources between 1 December 2019 and 3 August 2021.
AUTHOR(S) Tine S. Eri; Ellen Blix; Soo Downe (et al.)
When Europe was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes were made in maternity care to reduce infections. In Norway, hospital maternity wards, postnatal wards, and neonatal units’ companions and visitors were restricted. We aimed to explore the experiences of being pregnant, giving birth and becoming a parent in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is based on the responses from women who provided in-depth qualitative accounts to the ongoing Babies Born Better survey version 3 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses were analysed with inductive thematic analysis.
AUTHOR(S) Anna A. Mensah; Helen Campbell; Julia Stowe (et al.)
Reinfection after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection is uncommon in adults, but little is known about the risks, characteristics, severity, or outcomes of reinfection in children. This study aimed to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in children and compare this with the risk in adults, by analysis of national testing data for England. National surveillance study to assess reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in children in England used national SARS-CoV-2 testing data to estimate the risk of reinfection at least 90 days after primary infection from Jan 27, 2020, to July, 31, 2021, which encompassed the alpha (B.1.1.7) and delta (B.1.617.2) variant waves in England. Data from children up to age 16 years who met the criteria for reinfection were included. Disease severity was assessed by linking reinfection cases to national hospital admission data, intensive care admission, and death registration datasets.
AUTHOR(S) Anita Dileep; Sham ZainAlAbdin; Salah AbuRuz (et al.)
AUTHOR(S) Alberto Gandolfi; Andrea Aspri; Elena Beretta (et al.)
AUTHOR(S) Nina H. Fefferman; Katy-Ann Blacker; Charles A. Price (et al.)
UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.
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