UNICEF Innocenti: Children and COVID-19 Research Library

Moving beyond the numbers: what the COVID-19 pandemic means for the safety of women and girls

Institution: *UNICEF
Published: September 2020

On 5 April 2020, UN Secretary-General António Guterres highlighted a “horrifying global surge in domestic violence” since Governments around the world had begun imposing lockdowns, quarantines and movement restrictions in order to control the spread of COVID-19. In his remarks, the Secretary General noted that in some countries calls to gender-based violence (GBV) support services had doubled.1 Similarly, a plethora of reports from around the world have signaled an increase in reported cases of gender-based violence – particularly intimate partner violence – since the beginning of the pandemic. However, in some places, the service provision statistics actually show the opposite – that fewer GBV survivors are reaching out for support from service providers as compared to the levels seen prior to COVID-19.

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Cite this research | No. of pages: 10 | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: COVID-19 response, domestic violence, gender based violence, lockdown, mental stress, sexual violence, violence against children, violence against women | Publisher: *UNICEF

Research Report

UNICEF Argentina Encuesta rápida COVID-19: informe de resultados: segunda ola

Institution: UNICEF Argentina Country Office
Published: September 2020

UNICEF in Argentina carried out the Second Round of the Rapid Assessment as part of its Response Plan to COVID-19 in order to acquaint itself with the perceptions, habits, attitudes and changes caused by the pandemic among the population. The survey also investigates its economic and social effects on households with children and the implementation of the social protection system, as well as the implications of the pandemic and various response measures related to social and emotional wellbeing, focusing on early childhood and adolescence.

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Cite this research | Language: Spanish | Tags: child protection measures, COVID-19 response, domestic violence, economic crisis, gender based violence, mental stress, psychological distress, violence against children, violence against women | Countries: Argentina | Publisher: *UNICEF

Research Report

UNICEF Argentina COVID-19 survey: second round, report on findings

Institution: UNICEF Argentina Country Office
Published: September 2020

UNICEF in Argentina carried out the Second Round of the Rapid Assessment as part of its Response Plan to COVID-19 in order to acquaint itself with the perceptions, habits, attitudes and changes caused by the pandemic among the population. The survey also investigates its economic and social effects on households with children and the implementation of the social protection system, as well as the implications of the pandemic and various response measures related to social and emotional wellbeing, focusing on early childhood and adolescence.

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Cite this research | No. of pages: 32 | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection | Tags: child protection measures, COVID-19 response, domestic violence, economic crisis, gender based violence, mental stress, psychological distress, violence against children, violence against women | Countries: Argentina | Publisher: *UNICEF

Research Report

UNICEF Haiti: Violence familiale dans le contexte COVID-19 (mai 15, 2020)

Institution: UNICEF Haiti Country Office
Published: September 2020

Domestic violence against children and adolescents is widespread in Haiti, and it takes many different forms. This survey provides a current snapshot of the situation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Journal article

Violence against children during COVID-19 Assessing and understanding change in use of helplines

AUTHOR(S)
Nicole Petrowski; Claudia Cappa; Andrea Pereira (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

Many of the measures taken by countries to contain the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in disruptions to child protection services. Despite this, many countries have worked to ensure that child helplines remain operational, making such mechanisms even more critical for reporting and referring cases of violence and for providing support to victims. The purpose of this paper is to document what has occurred, and been reported, to child helplines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Research brief

Mitigating violence against women and young girls during COVID-19 induced lockdown in Nepal: a wake-up call

AUTHOR(S)
Minakshi Dahal; Pratik Khanal; Sajana Maharjan (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Globalization and Health

Nepal was in nationwide lockdown for nearly three months in 2020 with partial restrictions still in place. Much worryingly, COVID-19 induced restrictions have confined women and young girls in their home, increasing the risk of domestic violence. The available support system to respond to violence against women and girls (VAWG) has also been disrupted during this period. The figures of violence against women, and child sexual abuse are increasingly being reported during the lockdown and thereafter. To mitigate this, a response against VAWG should not be a missing agenda. This commentary focuses on the situation of VAWG during COVID-19 induced restrictions in Nepal and offers a way forward for addressing the issue.

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Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 3 | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: COVID-19 response, domestic violence, gender based violence, gender equality, lockdown, sexual violence, social distance, social inequality, violence against children, violence against women | Countries: Nepal

Research Report

The hidden impact of COVID-19 on child protection and well-being

AUTHOR(S)
Daniela Ritz; Georgina O’Hare; Melissa Burgess (et al.)

Institution: Save the Children
Published: September 2020

This report is one in a series presenting findings from the Global COVID-19 Research Study. The results presented here focus on the implications for Child Protection issues, drawing on data from our representative sample of 17,565 parents/caregivers and 8,069 children in our programme participants group. Comparisons with our general public sample have been made in some places.Topics investigated include violence occurring in the home, the separation of children from their caregivers, mental health and psycho-social well-being of caregivers and children, child labour, online safety and child protection support and services. Available data was analysed and presented considering the socio-ecological model in order to highlight the interconnectedness of the broader socio-ecological environment which places children within their households and communities. This enabled the detailing of the range of associated risks and protective factors in relation to these child protection issues as well as drawing attention to the complexity of their interrelationship. Differences in impact and the needs of children by region, age, gender, disability, minority group, indicators of poverty, and more, were explored.

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Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 67 | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection | Tags: child abuse and neglect, child care services, child protection measures, domestic violence, gender equality, parent-child relationship, remote learning, social inequality | Publisher: Save the Children

Journal article

Increased proportion of physical child abuse injuries at a level I pediatric trauma center during the Covid-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Mark L. Kovler; Susan Ziegfeld; Leticia M. Ryan (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced mass closures of childcare facilities and schools. While these measures are necessary to slow virus transmission, little is known regarding the secondary health consequences of social distancing. The purpose of this study is to assess the proportion of injuries secondary to physical child abuse (PCA) at a level I pediatric trauma center during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 7 | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection, Health, Mental Health | Tags: child abuse and neglect, child protection measures, COVID-19 response, domestic violence, schools, social distance, violence against children, violence against women | Countries: United States

Journal article

COVID-19: urgency for distancing from domestic violence

AUTHOR(S)
Deniz Ertan; Wissam El-Hage; Sarah Thierrée (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: European Journal of Psychotraumatology

The COVID-19 health crisis is exacerbating another pre-existing public health problem by increasing the severity and frequency of domestic violence, thus demonstrating the need to adopt significant and long-term measures. This paper describes preventive measures and action plans to combat violence against women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Discussion paper

Families under confinement: COVID-19, domestic violence, and alcohol consumption

AUTHOR(S)
Adan Silverio-Murillo; Jose Roberto Balmori de la Miyar; Lauren Hoehn-Velasco

Published: September 2020

Does the COVID-19 stay-at-home order increase domestic violence? The significant decline in household income combined with prolonged confinement with the potential assailant may increase household conflict. Despite these plausible reasons for an increase in household violence, economic theory predicts that domestic violence depends on the income distribution within the household. To test these effects empirically, we estimate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on domestic violence using two different data sources in Mexico City. First, we utilize call-center data from a domestic violence hotline (Línea Mujeres), and, then, we corroborate the call-center findings using official police reports.

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Journal article

Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: consequences of parental job loss on psychological and physical abuse towards children

AUTHOR(S)
Monica Lawson; Megan H. Piel; Michaela Simon

Published: September 2020 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

The current study investigated factors associated with child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, including parental job loss, and whether cognitive reframing moderated associations between job loss and child maltreatment.

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Journal article

Reporting of child maltreatment during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in New York City from March to May 2020

AUTHOR(S)
Eli Rapoport; Hailey Reisert; Emily Schoeman (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

This study aims to assess associations between the pandemic public health response and the number of allegations of child abuse or neglect. It analyzed monthly data from New York City of the number of child maltreatment allegations, stratified by reporter type (e.g., mandated reporter, education personnel, healthcare personnel), as well as the number of Child Protective Services(CPS)investigations warranting child welfare preventative services.

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Journal article

Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: consequences of parental job loss on psychological and physical abuse towards children

AUTHOR(S)
Monica Lawson; Megan H. Piel; Michaela Simon

Published: September 2020 Journal: Child Abuse & Neglect

The current study investigated factors associated with child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, including parental job loss, and whether cognitive reframing moderated associations between job loss and child maltreatment.

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Journal article

Supporting families to protect child health: parenting quality and household needs during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Leslie E. Roos; Emily Cameron; Jennifer Lisa Penner Protudjer (et al.)

Published: September 2020

Supportive parenting is critical for promoting healthy child development in the face of stressors, such as those occurring during COVID-19. Here, we address a knowledge gap regarding specific household risk factors associated with parenting quality during the pandemic and incorporate first-person accounts of family challenges and needs. Lower quality parenting during COVID-19 is associated with multiple household and pandemic risk factors, with caregiver depression consistently linked to parentchild
relationship disruptions. Focused efforts are needed to address caregiver mental health to protect child health as part of the pandemic response.

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Journal article

How has COVID-19 changed family life and well-being in Korea?

AUTHOR(S)
Jaerim Lee; Meejung Chin; Miai Sung

Published: August 2020 Journal: Journal of Comparative Family Studies

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss how COVID-19 has impacted Korean families. The economic well-being of Korean families has been threatened because many family members lost their jobs or earned reduced incomes due to the pandemic. COVID-19 substantially changed the work environment and has provided the momentum for the growth of flexible work including telecommuting in Korea, which was not commonly used before the pandemic. However, the work-from-home arrangements created an ambiguous boundary between work and family, particularly among employed mothers because childcare facilities and schools were closed during COVID-19. The postponed 2020 school year started with online schooling in April, and children in secondary schools often continued private education during the pandemic. Although COVID-19 provided an opportunity to build emotional ties for some families, many Korean families who were stuck at home experienced relational difficulties. Socioeconomic and gender inequality along with discrimination against certain groups were heightened.

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