Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Policy brief

Supplement to Framework for reopening schools: emerging lessons from country experiences in managing the process of reopening schools

Institution: UNESCO, *UNICEF, The World Bank, World Food Programme, UNHCHR
Published: September 2020

Education systems around the world continue to grapple with the complex decisions of when and how to reopen schools for in-person learning following widespread closures due to the COVID 19 pandemic. Experiences in most high-income countries show no measurable impact of school reopening on increasing community transmission rates, while within primary school settings in particular there has been limited transmission among children or between children and adults. Emerging evidence drawn from Eastern and Southern Africa also suggests that schools have not been associated with significant increases in community transmission. As more countries are re-opening schools, lessons are emerging on what is working. These lessons are shared in this supplement piece covering the same areas that were covered in the Framework for Re-opening Schools.

Research Report

Global education monitoring report, 2020: inclusion and education: all means all

Institution: UNESCO - Global Education Monitoring Report Team
Published: September 2020

This Report identifies different forms of exclusion, how they are caused and what we can do about them. As such, it is a call to action we should heed as we seek to pave the way for more resilient and equal societies in the future. A call to collect better data, without which we cannot understand or measure the true scope ofthe problem. A call to make public policies far more inclusive, based on examples of effective policies currently in force, and by working together to address intersecting disadvantages, just as we saw Ministries and government departments are capable of when addressing Covid-19.

Journal article

Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on education in India

AUTHOR(S)
Pravat Kumar Jena

Published: September 2020 Journal: International Journal of Current Research

This paper highlights some measures taken by Govt. of India to provide seamless education in the country. Both the positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 on education are discussed and some fruitful suggestions are also pointed to carry out educational activities during the pandemic situation.

Journal article

Evaluating and improving upon Ecuador's adolescent pregnancy prevention policies in an era of increased urgency

AUTHOR(S)
Keren Herrán; Iván Palacios

Published: September 2020 Journal: Annals of Global Health

This paper analyzes the association between disease outbreaks and adolescent pregnancy. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an urgent international concern for adolescent reproductive health. For instance, the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone indirectly caused a 65% increase in AP within target communities. School closures and economic downfall following periods of quarantine augmented sexual exploitation. Therefore, COVID-19 underlines the need to evaluate and learn from prior health policy in strategizing more effective AP prevention legislation. Reviewing Ecuador’s attempts to reduce AP, first through the implementation of differentiated services for adolescents, then via establishing an integrated lifecycle model, and lastly, their current strategy involving gendered violence, demonstrates how each plan has varied in effectiveness yet collectively failed to create an upstream approach that builds human capital.

Journal article

Reintroduction of native centric education for children in COVID-19 lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Osobor Ikechukwu Monday

Published: September 2020 Journal: Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health

With the current effect of globalization on cultures,it is imperative to reawaken the indigenous ways of life during this lockdown. Local centric education is the preparation of children for life to avoid cultural dislocations. It is character-based ethics and native centred philosophy, aimed at teaching and learning the indigenous ways of life

Journal article

Gender, work-family conflict and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 among Quebec graduate students

AUTHOR(S)
Jaunathan Bilodeau; Nancy Beauregard; Amélie Quesnel-Vallée (et al.)

Published: September 2020

This study aims to document the gendered experience of the lockdown and its association with depressive symptoms among graduate students in Quebec. The policy measures taken after the COVID-19 were not gender- neutral. This study demonstrates the importance of taking gendered effects of policies into consideration, and points to mitigating actions that can forestall the exacerbation of gendered inequalities in mental health.

Journal article

Evidence from Google Trends of a widening second-level digital divide in Brazil

AUTHOR(S)
Renato P. Dos Santos; M. Şahin Bülbül; Isadora Lemes

Published: September 2020 Journal: Acta scientiae

This study investigates the impact of the increasing home and mobile Internet access on the existing educational inequalities. This digital divide was critically exacerbated by the arrival of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the suspension of presential classes. Brazilian policymakers should concentrate efforts and resources in addressing this large-scale second-level digital divide, possibly by equipping educators and students with the knowledge and skills towards the educational, productive and responsible use of the Internet, as well as allowing mobile Internet access in school premises.

Journal article

How has COVID-19 changed family life and well-being in Korea?

AUTHOR(S)
Jaerim Lee; Meejung Chin; Miai Sung

Published: August 2020 Journal: Journal of Comparative Family Studies

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss how COVID-19 has impacted Korean families. The economic well-being of Korean families has been threatened because many family members lost their jobs or earned reduced incomes due to the pandemic. COVID-19 substantially changed the work environment and has provided the momentum for the growth of flexible work including telecommuting in Korea, which was not commonly used before the pandemic. However, the work-from-home arrangements created an ambiguous boundary between work and family, particularly among employed mothers because childcare facilities and schools were closed during COVID-19. The postponed 2020 school year started with online schooling in April, and children in secondary schools often continued private education during the pandemic. Although COVID-19 provided an opportunity to build emotional ties for some families, many Korean families who were stuck at home experienced relational difficulties. Socioeconomic and gender inequality along with discrimination against certain groups were heightened.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Covid-19 and education in Morocco as a potential model of concern for North Africa: a short commentary

AUTHOR(S)
Mohamed Abioui; Mohamed Dades; Yuriy Kostyuchenko (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: International Journal of Ethics Education

The key problems and challenges connected with the Covid-19 pandemic in the field of education in sub-Saharan Africa are described in this paper. The study is based on the information collected from teachers and parents during the lockdown. The main problems connected with the organization of distance learning, such as the availability and accessibility of electricity and stable communications, were described. The main questions connected with the support of e-learning such as unequal access to distance education platforms and tools and readiness of teachers of public and private schools were described. Key social and demographic challenges and threats to sustainable e-learning, such as critical overload of teachers, child mobilization for domestic tasks, age, ethnic and gender-based harassment and violence were analyzed.

Journal article

Ethics of COVID-19-related school closures

AUTHOR(S)
Michael Silverman; Robert Sibbald; Saverio Stranges

Published: August 2020 Journal: Canadian Journal of Public Health

COVID-19 mitigation strategies have led to widespread school closures around the world. Initially, these were undertaken based on data from influenza outbreaks in which children were highly susceptible and important in community-wide transmission. An argument was made that school closures were necessary to prevent harm to vulnerable adults, especially the elderly. Although data are still accumulating, the recently described complication, pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, is extremely rare and children remain remarkably unaffected by COVID-19. We also do not have evidence that children are epidemiologically important in community-wide viral spread. Previous studies have shown long-term educational, social, and medical harms from school exclusion, with very young children and those from marginalized groups such as immigrants and racialized minorities most affected. The policy and ethical implications of ongoing mandatory school closures, in order to protect others, need urgent reassessment in light of the very limited data of public health benefit.

Journal article

Young people’s views on their role in the COVID-19 pandemic and society’s recovery from it

AUTHOR(S)
Vic Larcher; Mariana Dittborn; James Linthicum (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: Archives of Disease in Childhood

There has been little formal exploration of how young people see their role in the COVID-19 pandemic. Focus-group discussion with 15 Children’s Hospital Young People’s Forum members (23/5) to explore their perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on both their lives and those of their community, on school closures, and the role they wished to play in society’s recovery from the pandemic.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 1192–1196 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: child education, child health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, educational policy, mental stress, psychological distress, social inequality

Working paper

Stemming learning loss during the pandemic: a rapid randomized trial of a low-tech intervention in Botswana

AUTHOR(S)
Noam Angrist; Peter Bergman; Caton Brewster (et al.)

Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has closed schools for over 1.6 billion children, with potentially long-term consequences. This paper provides some of the first experimental evidence on strategies to minimize the fallout of the pandemic on education outcomes. We evaluate two low-technology interventions to substitute schooling during this period: SMS text messages and direct phone calls. We conduct a rapid trial in Botswana to inform real-time policy responses collecting data at four to six-week intervals. We present results from the first wave.

Research Report

Education in emergencies coordination: harnessing humanitarian and development architecture for Education 2030: a report on the Global Partners Project

Institution: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Published: August 2020

This report presents learning and recommendations emerging from the Global Partners Project (GPP), an initiative to strengthen education in emergencies. The main project output has been a substantial new evidence base around a conceptual framework that investigates the ‘who’, ‘how’ and ‘so what’ of education coordination in crisis contexts.

Discussion paper

Elementary and secondary school children: vulnerabilities of online learning

AUTHOR(S)
Jolan Marchese

Published: August 2020

Since December 2019, countries around the world have borne the impact of a virus that has altered the way that we do business, interact socially and receive our education. While COVID-19 has had a detrimental impact upon the world, it has also lead to a more in-depth look at the education of our children from elementary school up to secondary school. Cybersecurity is an issue for everyone, but children are a particularly vulnerable population because many are raised playing with a cellphone or a tablet and have not truly learned about the dangers involved with accessing the Internet. Instead, it’s a play area for children as they watch YouTube videos or even access social media with or without their parent’s consent.

Cite this research | Language: English | Topics: Education, Child Protection | Tags: child safety, COVID-19 response, educational policy, internet, remote learning, school attendance

Journal article

Determining the optimal strategy for reopening schools, the impact of test and trace interventions, and the risk of occurrence of a second COVID-19 epidemic wave in the UK: a modelling study

AUTHOR(S)
Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths; Cliff C. Kerr; Robyn M. Stuart (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

As lockdown measures to slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection begin to ease in the UK, it is important to assess the impact of any changes in policy, including school reopening and broader relaxation of physical distancing measures. This study aims to use an individual-based model to predict the impact of two possible strategies for reopening schools to all students in the UK from September, 2020, in combination with different assumptions about relaxation of physical distancing measures and the scale-up of testing.

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.

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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

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