Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

A population-based serological study of post-COVID syndrome prevalence and risk factors in children and adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Roxane Dumont; Viviane Richard; Elsa Lorthe (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: Nature Communications

Post-COVID syndrome remains poorly studied in children and adolescents. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of pediatric post-COVID in a population-based sample, stratifying by serological status. Children from the SEROCoV-KIDS cohort study (State of Geneva, Switzerland), aged 6 months to 17 years, were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies (December 2021-February 2022) and parents filled in a questionnaire on persistent symptoms in their children (lasting over 12 weeks) compatible with post-COVID. Of 1034 children tested, 570 (55.1%) were seropositive.

Journal article

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children and adolescents: results from a population-based survey in 10 Colombian cities

AUTHOR(S)
Marcela María Mercado-Reyes; Marcela Daza; Angélica Pacheco (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: Global Pediatric Health

Understanding COVID-19 dynamics in Colombia during the first pandemic year (2020) gives important insights surrounding population’s exposure risk and specific susceptibilities. Seroprevalence studies can aid in having a broader understanding of the disease, offering a more inclusive view of the pandemic’s impact across the population. A population-based cross-sectional study to assess antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Colombian cities was developed between September and December 2020. Cities were grouped according development typology (Robust (RD), Intermediate (ID) and Incipient (InD)). Detection of total antibodies (IgM + IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 was employed. Univariate Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated for antibody results and selected variables.

Journal article

Is symptom screening useful for identifying COVID-19 infection in school settings? Georgia, USA

AUTHOR(S)
Megan Swanson; Marisa Hast; Eleanor Burnett (et al.)

Published: October 2021 Journal: The Journal of School Nursing

This study’s goal was to characterize the utility of symptom screening in staff and students for COVID-19 identification and control of transmission in a school setting. It conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data for staff, students and associated household members in a Georgia school district exposed to COVID-19 cases who received RT-PCR testing and symptom monitoring. Among positive contacts, 30/49 (61%) of students and 1/6 (17%) of staff reported no symptoms consistent with COVID-19. Symptom sensitivity was 30% in elementary students and 42% in middle/high students. Fifty-three percent (10/19) of symptomatic positive contacts had at least one household member test positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with 50% (10/20) of asymptomatic positive contacts. The absence of symptoms in children is not indicative of a lack of SARS-CoV-2 infection or reduced risk of infection for associated household members. Testing all close contacts of people with COVID-19 in schools is needed to interrupt transmission networks.

Journal article

Comparison of clinical severity and epidemiological spectrum between coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in children

AUTHOR(S)
Maria Pokorska‑Śpiewak; Ewa Talarek; Jolanta Popielska (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: Scientific Reports

Data on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are limited, and studies from Europe are scarce. This paper analyzed the clinical severity and epidemiologic aspects of COVID-19 in consecutive children aged 0–18 years, referred with a suspicion of COVID-19 between February 1, and April 15, 2020. RT-PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab was used to confirm COVID-19. 319 children met the criteria of a suspected case.

Journal article

Difference in SARS-CoV-2 attack rate between children and adults may reflect bias

AUTHOR(S)
Zoë Hyde

Published: February 2021 Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases

The epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children has been challenging to establish, owing to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection in this population. Lower secondary attack rates in children compared to adults have been observed in household contact studies, but there is evidence this may reflect lower testing in children and reduced exposure, rather than a genuine difference in biological susceptibility. Additionally, children may shed infectious virus for a shorter period than adults and their antibody response may be less broad, with implications for both polymerase chain reaction and serological testing. Improvements in study design, data collection, and data interpretation are required to better understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 in children.

Journal article

Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
Lionel Piroth; Jonathan Cottenet; Anne-Sophie Mariet (et al.)

Published: December 2020 Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

To date, influenza epidemics have been considered suitable for use as a model for the COVID-19 epidemic, given that they are respiratory diseases with similar modes of transmission. However, data directly comparing the two diseases are scarce. This study did a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the French national administrative database (PMSI), which includes discharge summaries for all hospital admissions in France. All patients hospitalised for COVID-19 from March 1 to April 30, 2020, and all patients hospitalised for influenza between Dec 1, 2018, and Feb 28, 2019, were included.

Research Report

Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in two Indian states

AUTHOR(S)
Ramanan Laxminarayan; Shankar Reddy Dudala Dudala; Brian Wahl (et al.)

Published: November 2020 Journal: Science

Although most cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have occurred in low-resource countries, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease in such contexts. Data from the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh provide a detailed view into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission pathways and mortality in a high-incidence setting. Reported cases and deaths have been concentrated in younger cohorts than would be expected from observations in higher-income countries, even after accounting for demographic differences across settings. Among 575,071 individuals exposed to 84,965 confirmed cases, infection probabilities ranged from 4.7 to 10.7% for low-risk and high-risk contact types, respectively. Same-age contacts were associated with the greatest infection risk. Case fatality ratios spanned 0.05% at ages of 5 to 17 years to 16.6% at ages of 85 years or more. Primary data from low-resource countries are urgently needed to guide control measures.

Policy brief

COVID-19 in children and the role of school settings in COVID-19 transmission

Institution: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Published: August 2020

The aim of this document is to provide an overview of the epidemiology and disease characteristics of COVID-19 in children (0-18 years) in EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), and an assessment of the role of childcare (preschools; ages 0-<5 years) and educational (primary and secondary schools; ages 5-18 years) settings in COVID-19 transmission.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and/or adolescents: a meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Alessandro Mantovani; Elisabetta Rinaldi; Chiara Zusi (et al.)

Published: June 2020 Journal: Nature Paediatric Research

This review systematically researched in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases observational studies describing COVID-19 in children and/or adolescents until April 11, 2020. Data regarding clinical and radiological features were extracted from eligible studies and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling. The study finds that children and/or adolescents tend to have a mild COVID-19 course with a good prognosis.
Compared to adults, children and/or adolescents tend to have a mild COVID-19 course with a good prognosis.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescents, children, coronavirus, epidemiology, health, respiratory diseases

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

A review of COVID-19 in children

AUTHOR(S)
Parisa Khoshnevisasl; Mansour Sadeghzadeh; Sara Sadeghzadeh

Published: May 2020 Journal: Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

This study gathers useful information about the virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment with special consideration of pediatric patients. This review article helps medical caregivers to receive a quick and effective approach to deal with this disease in their practice.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Pediatric COVID-19: Systematic review of the literature

AUTHOR(S)
Patel Neha

Published: May 2020 Journal: American Journal of Otolaryngology

A systematic review of the literature was performed to gain insight into pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology. Specifically, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify any relevant article with a focus on Pediatric Covid 19, Pediatric Covid-19, Pediatric SARS-COV-2, and Pediatric Coronavirus 19. Results show that, in contrast to adults, most infected children appear to have a milder course and have better outcomes overall. Additional care may be needed for children with comorbidities and younger children. This review also suggests that unilateral CT chest imaging findings were seen in 36.4% pediatric COVID-19 patients. This is particularly concerning as the work-up of pediatric patients with cough may warrant a bronchoscopy to evaluate for airway foreign bodies. Extra precautions need to be taken with personal protective equipment for these cases, as aerosolizing procedures may be a method of viral transmission.

Journal article

Resistance of children to Covid-19. How?

AUTHOR(S)
Alain Fischer

Published: May 2020 Journal: Nature Mucosal Immunology

Both resistance to infection and resistance to disease appear to be much stronger in children than in adults. The apparent resistance to infection might actually reflect a more rapid clearance of the virus so that the chance to detect cases is diminished. Future studies on seropositivity prevalence should help to distinguish between these possibilities. Of note the increased male to female ratio as observed in adult Covid-19 patients (6 to 4) is also observed in children. Finally, children below the age of 1 year are over-represented in pediatric Covid-19 cohorts with a higher risk of fatality compared with children above the age of 1.

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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

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