Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Access to healthcare for children and adolescents with a chronic health condition during the COVID-19 pandemic: first results from the KICK-COVID study in Germany

AUTHOR(S)
Julia M. Göldel; Clemens Kamrath; Kirsten Minden (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Children

This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Journal article

Family satisfaction with ICU communication during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective multi-centre Australian study

AUTHOR(S)
Mallikarjuna Reddy Ponnapa Reddy; Umesh Kadam; John Dong Young Lee (et al.)

Published: November 2022 Journal: Internal Medicine Journal

Virtual communication has become common practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of visitation restrictions. The authors aimed to evaluate overall family satisfaction with the intensive care unit (FS-ICU) care involving virtual communication strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In this prospective multicentre study involving three metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, the next of kin (NOK) of all eligible ICU patients between 1 July 2020 and 31 October 2020 were requested to complete an adapted version of the FS-ICU 24-questionnaire. Group comparisons were analysed and calculated for family satisfaction scores: ICU/care (satisfaction with care), FS-ICU/dm (satisfaction with information/decision-making) and FS-ICU/total (overall satisfaction with the ICU). The essential predictors that influence family satisfaction were identified using quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 on systems of care for children and youth with special health care needs

AUTHOR(S)
Sally S. Cohen; Valerie Boebel Toly; Stacee M. Lerret (et al.)

Published: September 2022 Journal: Journal of Pediatric Health Care

This manuscript describes the challenges and opportunities that the COVID-19 pandemic presented for providing and coordinating care for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) who rely on a diverse array of systems to promote their health, education, and well-being. Peer-reviewed published literature and reports from the national government and nonprofit organizations that advocate for CYSHCN were examined, particularly concerning systems that impacted CYSHCN during COVID-19.

Journal article

Group well-child care model for Latino children in immigrant families: adapting to and learning from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) context

AUTHOR(S)
Nomi S. Weiss-Laxer; Amelia J. Brandt; Jennifer Acosta (et al.)

Published: June 2022 Journal: Families, Systems, & Health

Group well-child care (GWCC) is an alternative to traditional pediatric well-child care designed to increase parental social support and peer learning. This mixed methods study explored the adaptation and implementation of GWCC to a virtual format during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 pandemic) among Spanish-speaking Latino immigrant families. Interviews were conducted with eight providers and 10 mothers from May through September 2020. Qualitative analyses used a priori codes based on an implementation science framework. Quantitative data included demographics, the COVID-19 Impact Scale, and virtual group attendance. Bivariate analyses identified correlates of virtual visit attendance.

Journal article

Online positive parenting programme for promoting parenting competencies and skills: randomised controlled trial.

AUTHOR(S)
Sararat Tuntipuchitanon; Ing‑on Kangwanthiti; Ketsupar Jirakran (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: Scientific Reports

Positive parenting programmes (PPP), albeit effective, are not readily accessible to the general public, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 103 healthy caregiver-child dyads, tyhis study investigated the effectiveness of online PPP on parenting sense of competencies (primary outcome), parenting styles and behavioural concerns of children aged 3–6 years (secondary outcomes) between 2 blinded, parallel groups. After block of 4 randomisations, intervention group (n = 52) attended live, group-based, internet delivered PPP while both intervention and active control group (n = 51) received weekly general education via communication application. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 8 and 14 weeks.

Journal article

COVID-19 pandemic impact on US childhood caries and potential mitigation

AUTHOR(S)
C. Scherrer; S. Naavaal; M. Lin (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: Journal of dental research

Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic and low-income US children have a higher prevalence of untreated caries than their higher-income and non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many dental offices and school sealant programs closed beginning March 2020. This study examines the effect of reduced access to restorative care and sealants on the oral health of children from low-income households overall and by race/ethnicity and how increased sealant delivery in September 2022 could mitigate these effects.

Journal article

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intimate partner violence during pregnancy: evidence from a multimethods study of recently pregnant women in Ethiopia

AUTHOR(S)
Shannon N. Wood; Robel Yirgu; Abigiya Wondimagegnehu (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: BMJ Open

This multimethods study aimed to: (1) compare the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 pandemic using quantitative data and (2) contextualise pregnant women’s IPV experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through supplemental interviews. Quantitative analyses use data from Performance Monitoring for Action-Ethiopia, a cohort of 2868 pregnant women that collects data at pregnancy, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1-year postpartum. Following 6-week postpartum survey, in-depth semistructured interviews contextualised experiences of IPV during pregnancy with a subset of participants (n=24).

Cite this research | Vol.: 12 | Issue: 4 | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Child Protection, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: COVID-19 response, domestic violence, gender based violence, health care, health services, lockdown, maternal and child health, pregnant women, social distance, violence against women | Countries: Ethiopia

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review of the literature from low-and-middle income countries from 2016 - 2021

AUTHOR(S)
Thao Da Thi Tran; Linda Murray; Thang Van Vo

Published: April 2022 Journal: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is significantly associated with negative outcomes for both mother and child. Current evidence indicates an association between low levels of social support and IPV, however there is less evidence from low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) than high-income countries. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically altered how women can access social support. Hence since 2020, studies investigating IPV and pregnancy have occurred within the changing social context of the pandemic. This scoping review summarizes the evidence from LMICs about the effects of IPV during pregnancy on maternal and child health. The review includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social support as mentioned in studies conducted since 2020.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 13 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Child Protection, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: COVID-19 response, domestic violence, gender based violence, health care, health services, lockdown, maternal and child health, pregnant women, social distance, violence against women

Journal article

A ramp that leads to nothing: outdoor recreation experiences of children with physical disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Annika L. Vogt; Chris A. B. Zajchowski; Eddie L. Hill

Published: March 2022 Journal: Leisure Studies

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, access to outdoor recreation is desperately needed for youth; however, children with physical disabilities who regularly experience barriers and constraints to engagement in outdoor physical activity may experience additional challenges. This study examined the outdoor recreation experiences of children with physical disabilities (ages 6–10) living in Coastal Virginia during the COVID-19 pandemic by interviewing their parents using a modified Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Responses were coded inductively and then deductively using a typology of factors related to physical activity participation among children and adults with physical disabilities.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: child care, child health, COVID-19 response, health care, lockdown, physical activity, physically disabled children, social distance | Countries: United States

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Changes in healthcare provision during covid-19 and their impact on children with chronic illness: a scoping review

AUTHOR(S)
Sapfo Lignou; Jenny Greenwood; Mark Sheehan (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

This paper provides an overview of the evidence around how the health systems and policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic affected children with long-term conditions in the UK. It conducted a scoping review guided by the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. The PubMed and PsycINFO databases (2019-August 2021) were searched and screened for papers (of any design) by 2 reviewers independently. The electronic database search was supplemented by manual searching. A total of 32 papers were identified, including studies on UK paediatric populations, studies on chronic illness in the UK, and international studies on chronic illness and children (including data from the UK).

Journal article

‘We are not going anywhere’: a qualitative study of Kenyan healthcare worker perspectives on adolescent HIV care engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Leslie A. Enane; Edith Apondi; Claire Liepmann (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: BMJ Open

Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) may be vulnerable to widescale impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and to health system responses which impact HIV care. This study assessed healthcare worker (HCW) perspectives on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent HIV care delivery and engagement in western Kenya. It performed in-depth qualitative interviews with HCW at 10 clinical sites in the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare in Kenya, from January to March, 2021. Semistructured interviews ascertained pandemic-related impacts on adolescent HIV care delivery and retention.

Journal article

Outcomes of COVID-19 in children with cancer – Report from the Indian pediatric oncology group (InPOG) COVID-19 registry in India

AUTHOR(S)
Revathi Raja; Ramya Uppuluri; Badira Parambil (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in children with cancer have been variable worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to collect data from all regions in India through a national collaborative study and identify factors that cause mortality directly related to COVID-19 infection. Data was collected prospectively on children across India on cancer therapy and diagnosed with COVID-19 infections from 47 centers from April 2020 to October 2021. Information was recorded on the demographics, the number of children that required intervention, and the outcome of the infection. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the delta variant in 2021.

Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 on children's lives in the United States: amplified inequities and a just path to recovery

AUTHOR(S)
Charles Oberg; H. R. Hodges; Sarah Gander (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

The novel coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2, is a potentially deadly virus that causes COVID-19 disease and has led to the current pandemic.1 It has affected virtually everyone in the world since its emergence in 2019, with social, economic, and health effects that will probably last long past the end of the pandemic. In the long term, the impact of this health and social crisis may fall disproportionately upon children. This review will first highlight systemic/institutional inequities accentuated by the pandemic for subgroups of vulnerable children. These include Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI), Black and Latinx, Indigenous populations, refugee communities, those with disability and LGBTQIA+ youth. It will then examine the impact of COVID-19 on the lives of American children including the effects on poverty, food insecurity and housing instability. It then explores the disruptions in health care access and utilization, childcare, and education. It will then review the overarching implications for childhood mental health and well-being. Finally, it will provide a series of recommendations on how best to achieve a just and equitable recovery for families and children.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 17 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent health, child health, COVID-19 response, economic and social conditions, economic crisis, health care, lockdown, low income families, racial discrimination, social distance, social inequality | Countries: United States

Journal article

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s oral health and dental care use

AUTHOR(S)
Wei Lyu; George L. Wehby

Published: February 2022 Journal: The Journal of the American Dental Association

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to early restrictions on access to dental care and social distancing requirements. This study examines the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s oral health and access to dental care in the United States. Using nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children’s Health, this study compares several measures of children’s oral health and dental care use early during the pandemic in 2020, and one year earlier. Logistic (multinomial or binary) regression models are estimated adjusting for several child/household covariates and state fixed effects. Similar comparisons are estimated for 2019 relative to 2018 to evaluate pre-pandemic trends.

Journal article

A response to COVID-19 school closures: the feasibility of a school-linked text message intervention as an adaptation to school-supervised asthma therapy

AUTHOR(S)
Juliana Arenas; Sarah Becker; Hannah Seay (et al.)

Published: February 2022 Journal: Pediatric Pulmonology

School-supervised asthma therapy improves asthma medication adherence and morbidity, particularly among low-income and underrepresented minority (URM) children. However, COVID-19-related school closures abruptly suspended this therapy. In response, we developed a school-linked text message intervention. The purpose of the study is to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a school-linked text message intervention.

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