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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Pain management in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Patricia A. Richardson; Anjana Kundu

Published: July 2021 Journal: Current Anesthesiology Reports

For many children, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted the experience and treatment of their pain. This narrative review draws from the pain literature and emerging findings from COVID-19 research to highlight potentially meaningful directions for clinical consideration and empirical inquiry in the months and years to come. COVID-19 has been linked to diffuse acute pains as well as chronic pain sequelae. Contextual factors known to increase vulnerability for pain and associated functional disability have been exacerbated during the pandemic. Beyond these salient concerns has been the remarkable resilience demonstrated by patients and providers as healthcare systems have sought to harness creativity and innovative digital solutions to support optimal child wellbeing throughout this crisis.

Journal article

Prevalence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in childcare facilities: a longitudinal study

AUTHOR(S)
Luise Haag; Judith Blankenburg; Manja Unrath (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: The Journal of Pediatrics

This study aims to evaluate the role of childcare facilities in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we conducted a longitudinal study to gain further knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, transmission and spread among preschool children, their parents and caretakers. Children between 1 and 6 years of age, their parents and caregivers in 14 childcare facilities in Dresden, Saxony/Germany were invited to participate in the KiTaCoviDD19-study between July 2020 and January 2021. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed up to 4 times during the study period in all participating adults and personal characteristics as well as epidemiologic information of personal SARS-CoV-2 history were obtained. Samples for stool virus shedding of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed by PCR every 2-4 weeks in all participating children.

Policy brief

The ACA, COVID-19 and health care insurance for children

AUTHOR(S)
Eileen K. Fry-Bowers

Published: July 2021 Journal: Journal of Pediatric Health Care

Despite numerous legal and political challenges over the past decade, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) (2010) has been integrated into the health system of the United States (U.S.) and has played an important role in improving child health in this country by increasing access to health care for millions of children. The ACA has also provided a “healthcare lifeline” to children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy brief reviews the legal status of the ACA, explores the impact of COVID-19 on children's access to health insurance, discusses recent legislation supporting child health, and considers the future status of child health insurance coverage and access to care.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 14 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: child health, COVID-19 response, health care facilities, health services, legal protection, lockdown, public health, social distance, social inequality | Countries: United States

Journal article

Impact of nonpharmacological COVID-19 interventions in hospitalizations for childhood pneumonia in Brazil

AUTHOR(S)
Frederico Friedrich; Laura de Castro e Garcia; Lucas Montiel Petry (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Pediatric Pulmonology

The knowledge about the impact of the nonpharmacological measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic can give insight into ways in which they can also be applied for other respiratory diseases. To assess the impact of containment measures of the COVID-19 pandemic on pneumonia hospitalizations in children from 0 to 14 years of age in Brazil. Data from hospital admissions for pneumonia were obtained from the Department of Informatics of Brazilian Public Health System database in the period of 2015–2020 and analyzed by macroregions and age groups. To evaluate the effect of containment measures, on the incidence of pneumonia, the absolute reduction and relative reduction were calculated by analyzing the subsets 2015-2019 vs. 2020.

Journal article

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 testing in children during a low prevalence period (VIGIL study 1)

AUTHOR(S)
Eleonore Eskander; Camille Jung; Corinne Levy (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Infectious Diseases Now

SARS-CoV-2 induces a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, which overlap with other viral infections very common in children. This study aimed to describe the percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic ambulatory children and to determine the predictive factors for positivity. From June 1 to July 31, 2020, a cross-sectional prospective, multicenter study (13 hospital emergency units and 59 ambulatory pediatricians) was conducted throughout France. Children under 15 years of age with a prescription of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test were enrolled.

Journal article

Presentation of a participatory approach to develop preventive measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission in child care

AUTHOR(S)
Mathias Diebig; Susan Gritzka; Nico Dragano (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology volume

It can be suspected that work in child care facilities is associated with an elevated exposure risk towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is still unclear under which conditions employees in those facilities can safely pursue their work. Preventive workplace-related measures to reduce transmission dynamics in this work environment need to be developed. These measures need to build on a solid scientific foundation and be ready for practical use at the same time. Therefore, the aim of the study is to present a participatory approach to identify, minimize, and eliminate workplace-specific COVID-19 transmission within child care. The approach presented combines quantitative as well as qualitative elements and includes a screening of critical workplace conditions and the development of preventive measures to foster a safe workplace design.

Journal article

Corporate parenting in a pandemic: considering the delivery and receipt of support to care leavers in Wales during Covid-19

AUTHOR(S)
Louise Roberts; Alyson Rees; Dawn Mannay (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Children and Youth Services Review

This paper considers the support available to care leavers during the Covid-19 pandemic from their corporate parents. The paper contributes to a developing evidence base concerned with social work efforts to adapt and maintain support provision during the unprecedented circumstances, and provides insight into how such support was perceived and experienced. Funded by Voices from Care Cymru and Cardiff University, a qualitative, mixed method study was conducted which included a survey of Welsh Local Authority professionals (n = 22) and interviews with Welsh care-experienced young people aged 17–24 (n = 17).

Journal article

Early childhood educators’ perceptions of their emotional state, relationships with parents, challenges, and opportunities during the early stage of the pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Nathalie Bigras; Lise Lemay; Joanne Lehrer (et al.)

Published: June 2021 Journal: Early Childhood Education Journal

This article presents a study about the impact of COVID-19 on childcare center educators in Quebec (Canada). Regulated childcare services were closed due to the pandemic between March 16 and May 31, 2020, in areas considered “hot” (highly affected by the pandemic). During this time, some centers were transformed into “emergency childcare services” available to parents considered to be essential workers. Therefore, few children attended, and most educators worked remotely. In May 2020, 372 educators completed an online questionnaire regarding their emotional state, challenges, and learning opportunities. Results indicate that half of the respondents reported a decrease in their level of well-being at work and an increase in their stress level.

Journal article

The impact of personal protective equipment and social distancing on communication and relation between nurses, caregivers and children: a descriptive qualitative study in a maternal and child health hospital

AUTHOR(S)
Giada Ferrari; Raffaella Dobrina; Sara Buchini (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: Journal of Clinical Nursing

The main objective was to explore the impact of personal protective equipment and social distancing on nurses, caregivers and children's communication and relationship in a maternal and child health hospital. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic made it necessary to apply infection prevention and control measures, including interpersonal distancing and the use of personal protective equipment. These measures may impact communication and relationship between nurses, patients and caregivers especially in a complex environment, such as a paediatric setting.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, disease prevention, disease transmission, face masks, health care facilities, hospitalization, medical personnel, prevention measures, social distance

Journal article

The Care of Children With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Daniel C. Moreira; Gerard C. Millen; Stephen Sands (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably changed health services for children with cancer worldwide by creating barriers throughout the care continuum. Reports available at this time suggest that asymptomatic and mild upper and lower respiratory tract syndromes are the most common presentation of COVID-19 in children with cancer. Nonetheless, severe cases of COVID-19 and deaths secondary to the infection have been reported. In addition to the direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, children with cancer have suffered from the collateral consequences of the pandemic, including decreased access to diagnosis and cancer-directed therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to safe and effective care of children with cancer, including their enrollment in therapeutic clinical trials.

Journal article

What are the risk factors for admission to the pediatric intensive unit among pediatric patients with COVID-19?

AUTHOR(S)
Susanna Esposito; Fabio Caramelli; Nicola Principi

Published: May 2021 Journal: Italian Journal of Pediatrics

Although with exceptions, evidence seems to indicate that children have lower susceptibility than adults to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. When infected, children generally remain asymptomatic or develop mild disease. A small number of pediatric cases required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), respiratory support with a mechanical ventilation and additional life-saving interventions. Even if rarely, death can occur. Aim of this manuscript is to highlight the risk factors associated with severe outcome among pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Journal article

Prevalence of COVID-19 in children, adolescents, and adults in remote education situation in the city of Fortaleza – Brazil

AUTHOR(S)
Valdester Cavalcante Pinto Júnior; Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves Moura; Rodrigo Cardoso Cavalcante (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: International Journal of Infectious Diseases

A retrospective study was conducted on a database of the COVID-19 Tracking Program in schoolchildren to identify the prevalence of COVID-19 through serology and RT-PCR in children, adolescents, and adults. The data was composed of sociodemographic and clinical variables, results of serological tests (IgM and IgG), and RT-PCR results of IgM-positive individuals. The statistical analysis was performed with a 5% significance level.

Journal article

Hearing screening outcomes in neonates of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women

AUTHOR(S)
Mehmet Akif Alan; Cemre Alan

Published: May 2021 Journal: 146

The current study aimed to investigate possible association of maternal SARS-CoV-2 with newborn hearing loss. We compared hearing screening outcomes in neonates born to women with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results during pregnancy with healthy controls.

Journal article

Pediatric TB detection in the era of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Javeed A. Golandaj

Published: May 2021 Journal: Indian Journal of Tuberculosis

The effect of COVID-19 and measures in response to it on human lives was enormous, including healthcare. The necessary healthcare services including communicable diseases, such as Tuberculosis (TB) were badly affected. Here an attempt has been made to trace the number of notified Pediatric TB cases during and after COVID-19 lockdown and unlock period, and then compared with same period of previous year.

Journal article

COVID-19 preparedness—a survey among neonatal care providers in low- and middle-income countries

AUTHOR(S)
Claus Klingenberg; Sahil K. Tembulkar; Anna Lavizzari (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: Journal of Perinatology volume

This study aims to evaluate COVID-19 pandemic preparedness, available resources, and guidelines for neonatal care delivery among neonatal health care providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across all continents. Cross-sectional, web-based survey administered between May and June, 2020.

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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