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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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1 - 15 of 360
The effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on children and youth with special health care needs

AUTHOR(S)
Mel Michaud; Irene Cihon Dietz

Published: January 2023   Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

This article seeks to review the current knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the health effects for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became a major pandemic in 2020. Recognition of the disease could be difficult, as symptoms in children are at times different than adults and can mimic other common childhood viral infections. Children with underlying medical conditions did make up a higher proportion of those hospitalized, but also were affected in other ways including loss of nursing support, missed education and rehabilitative services, and increased stress for themselves and their families, affecting mental health in this vulnerable population. This review seeks to address what is currently known about the overall effects on CYSHCN and their families, and identify gaps in research, including the implementation of health care systems, and possible suggestions for change in the educational and community supports for this group of individuals. Ongoing analysis of large national and international data sets, as well as smaller reports based on specific congenital anomaly, genetics disease, and acquired childhood illness, and then attention to local resources and family resilience is still necessary.

Association between sleep duration and myopia among Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Luoming Huang; Xuelan Chen; Jiajia Lin (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

The studies on the association between sleep duration and myopia are limited, and the evidence is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and myopia, cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) among Chinese children during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study was a cross-sectional study on Chinese children aged 6–18 years. The comprehensive ophthalmic examinations for children included cycloplegic SE, AL, and standardized questionnaires. The questionnaire included sleep duration, parental myopia, outdoor time, and continuous near work duration without breaks. Myopia was defined as SE ≤-0.50 diopters (D).

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19 response, health services, lockdown, social distance | Countries: China
Effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on oral health of Korean adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Eun-Ha Jung; Ji-Hyun Min

Published: January 2023   Journal: International Journal of Dental Hygiene

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on Korean adolescents' oral health and identify the influential factors. The raw data from The Korea Youth Risk Behaviour Web-based Survey before (2019) and after (2020) the outbreak of COVID-19 were used in the study. Demographic characteristics and subjective general, mental, and oral health were analysed and compared between the 2 years. Further, the impact of changes in subjective mental health and the duration of indoor activity on oral health were analysed. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and all statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. The analysis was performed using the complex sample analysis module.

The impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and children: recommendations for health promotion

AUTHOR(S)
Whitney Perkins Witt; Nicole Harlaar; Ashley Palmer (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: American Journal of Health Promotion
COVID-19 continues to have severe repercussions on children and pregnant women. The repercussions include not only the direct impact of COVID-19 (ie, children getting infected by COVID-19) but also indirect impacts (eg, safeguarding from child maltreatment, obesogenic behaviors, language and socioemotional development, educational consequences [eg, interrupted learning]; social isolation; mental health; behavioral health [eg, increased substance use in adolescence]; health and economic impact of COVID-19 on caregivers and family relationships. It has also shed light on long-standing structural and socioeconomic issues, including equity in nutrition and food security, housing, childcare, and internet access. Using a socioecological, life course, and population health approach, this study discusses the implications for pregnant women and children’s health and well-being and give recommendations for mitigating the short and long-term deleterious impact COVID- 19 on women, children, and their families.
Impacts of health care service changes implemented due to COVID-19 on children and young people with long-term disability: a mapping review

AUTHOR(S)
Hannah Merrick; Helen Driver; Chloe Main (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

This research aimed to identify the research on childhood disability service adaptations and their impact on children and young people with long-term disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mapping review was undertaken. The World Health Organization Global COVID-19 database was searched using the search terms ‘children’, ‘chronic/disabling conditions’, and ‘services/therapies’. Eligible papers reported service changes for children (0–19 years) with long-term disability in any geographical or clinical setting between 1st January 2020 and 26th January 2022. Papers were charted across the effective practice and organization of care taxonomy of health system interventions and were narratively synthesized; an interactive map was produced.

Maternal and child health and the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review of the literature

AUTHOR(S)
Maria Graziele Gonçalves Silva; Bárbara Letícia Silvestre Rodrigues; Paloma Beatriz Costa Silva (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: International Journal of Health Science
This study aims to describe the impacts arising from the interference of the infection caused by COVID-19 in the woman's gestational process, considering the mother-child binomial and their fetal interaction. This is a systematic review according to the PRISMA protocol, based on Scielo, PubMed and LILACS, considering publications between January 2020 and June 2021. The descriptors pregnancy, COVID-19, newborn and maternal and child health were used. Articles were selected by reading the title, abstract and methodology.
Perspectives on dental health and oral hygiene practice from US adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Long Zhang; Marika Waselewski; Jack Nawrocki (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Plos One

Adolescence is a critical time for adopting health behaviors which continue through adulthood. There is a lack of data regarding perspectives of US adolescents and young adults on their dental health and oral hygiene practice. Adolescents and young adults, age 14–24, from MyVoice, a nationwide text message poll of youth. were asked five open-ended questions on the importance of dental health and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis. Chi-square test was used to examine differences in experiences by demographics.

Socio-behavioural factors associated with child oral health during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni; Mohammed Farhan O. Alruwaili; Kiran Kumar Ganji (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: International Dental Journal

The aim of this study was to identify the sociobehavioural factors that influenced children's oral health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online cross-sectional study was conducted in Al Jouf Province in the northern region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 960 parents of children aged 5 to 14 years were invited by multistage stratified random sampling. Descriptive, multinomial, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios and determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Long-term effect of COVID-19 on lung imaging and function, cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, exercise capacity, and functional capacity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Catherine Campos; Samantha Prokopich; Hal Loewen (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Healthcare
The long-term sequela of COVID-19 on young people is still unknown. This systematic review explored the effect of COVID-19 on lung imaging and function, cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, exercise capacity and functional capacity in children and adolescents ≥ 3 months after infection. A systemic search was completed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Ovid MEDLINE on 27 May 2022. Data on the proportion of participants who had long-term effects were collected, and one-group meta-analysis were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcomes studied.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 10 | Issue: 12 | No. of pages: 11 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, health services, Heart diseases, respiratory diseases
Impact of COVID-19 on the symptoms of asthma in children and its management

AUTHOR(S)
M. Jahangir Alam

Published: December 2022   Journal: Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal
Abstract not available.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 37 | Issue: 2 | No. of pages: 6 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19 response, health services, lockdown, respiratory diseases, rural families, social distance | Countries: Bangladesh
The cumulative effect of multilevel factors on myopia prevalence, incidence, and progression among children and adolescents in China during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Yanhui Dong; Catherine Jan; Li Chen (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Translational Vision Science & Technology

This paper aimed to estimate the effects of school closures and associated lifestyle changes on myopia in Chinese children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Two cross-sectional surveys recruited 14,296 Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years in November 2019 and June 2020 from which an open cohort study (nested queue design) was derived and used to assess myopia prevalence, incidence, and progression rates (defined as students with progression in myopia severity at the second survey wave among those with myopia at baseline). The severity of myopia was determined by measurements of visual acuity (<5.0) and noncycloplegic refraction (spherical equivalent <−0.50 diopters). Twenty-three myopia-influencing factors were divided into three categories: eye-use habits, lifestyle, and family and subjective factors. Responses to each of these 23 factors were labeled as either positive or negative options and then combined to generate a comprehensive score.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 11 | Issue: 9 | No. of pages: 14 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescent health, child health, COVID-19 response, health services, lockdown, new media, social distance | Countries: China
Myopia and axial length in school-aged children before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a population-based study

AUTHOR(S)
Wei Pan; Jiang Lin; Li Zheng (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

Myopic shift had been observed during the COVID-19 lockdown in young school children. It remains unknown whether myopic shift is accompanied with increase in axial length. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on myopia and axial length of school children in China by comparing them before, during and after the lockdown. In this population-based cross-sectional study, school-based myopia screenings were conducted in the Fall of 2019, 2020, and 2021 (representing before, during and after COVID-19 lockdown respectively) in Chengdu, China. Myopia screenings were performed on 83,132 students aged 6 to 12 years. Non-cycloplegic refractive error was examined using NIDEK auto-refractor (ARK-510A; NIDEK Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and axial length was measured using AL-Scan (NIDEK Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Spherical equivalent (SER, calculated as sphere+ 0.5*cylinder), prevalence of myopia (SER ≤ -0.50 D), and axial length were compared across 3 years stratified by age.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 10 | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19 response, health services, lockdown, social distance | Countries: China
Experiences and support needs of parents/caregivers of children with cancer through the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a longitudinal study

AUTHOR(S)
Nicole Collaço; Ashley Gamble; Jessica Elizabeth Morganhley Gamble (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Archives of Disease in Childhood

This paper aimed to explore the experiences, information and support needs of parents/caregivers of children with cancer and how these changed as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. Online surveys containing closed and free-text questions on experiences, information and support needs were completed at four time points (between April 2020 and October 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics of closed items and content analysis of qualitative data were conducted.

Socio-demographic disparities in receipt of clinical health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic for Canadian children with disability

AUTHOR(S)
Miriam Gonzalez; Jinan Zeidan; Jonathan Lai (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: BMC Health Services Research

Little is known about the experience of receiving in-person and virtual clinical health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic for Canadian children with developmental disabilities and delays facing multiple layers of vulnerability (e.g., low income, low educational attainment families). It examined the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the receipt of these services (physical and mental health services) during COVID-19 for Canadian children with these conditions. Data collected in Canada for the Global Report on Developmental Delays, Disorders and Disabilities were used. The survey: (1) was developed and disseminated in collaboration with caregivers of children with disabilities, (2) included topics such as response to the pandemic and receipt of services and supports, and (3) documented the experiences of a non-random convenience sample of caregivers of children (any age) with these conditions during and prior to the pandemic.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic exposure on child dental caries: difference-in-differences analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Yusuke Matsuyama; Aya Isumi; Satomi Doi (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Caries Research
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental caries is unknown. We investigated the effect of the pandemic on child dental caries in Japan by comparing the increase in dental caries from fourth to sixth grade between two cohorts, COVID-19 exposed cohort and COVID-19 unexposed cohort, using difference-in-differences analysis. Longitudinal data that followed elementary school children in Adachi City, Tokyo, were analyzed. The analysis consisted of two cohorts: those who were in fourth grade in 2016 and sixth grade in 2018 (COVID-19 unexposed cohort, N = 399) and those who were in fourth grade in 2018 and sixth grade in 2020 (COVID-19 exposed cohort, N = 3,082). Children’s dental caries were examined by school dentists.
Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 9 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19 response, health services, lockdown, social distance | Countries: Japan
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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.