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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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91 - 105 of 783
A social cognitive theory approach to understanding parental attitudes and intentions to vaccinate children during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Ying Zhu; Michael Beam; Yue Ming (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Vaccines
The distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine represents a path towards global health after a worldwide pandemic. Yet, the U.S. response to the vaccination rollout has been politically polarized. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the contextual factors that influence parents’ attitudes towards health officials and their intention to vaccinate children, focusing on communication behaviors, personal factors, and geographic locations. It uses Bandura’s triadic reciprocal determinism (TRD) model which posits reciprocal influence between personal factors, environmental factors, and behaviors.
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Jewel Maria Sabu; Izza Zahid; Namitha Jacob (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Vaccines
Efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have expanded to the vaccination of children and adolescents. This systematic review assesses the utility of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5–18 years, considering its effectiveness against COVID infection, hospital and intensive care admission and duration of effectiveness after vaccination. Six databases were searched following the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using meta-analysis. Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, while 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence suggests that the two-dose vaccination regime provided high effectiveness of 92% (95% CI, 86–96) against COVID infection. Vaccination also conferred high protection against hospitalisation (91%) and intensive care admission (85%). The vaccine was highly protective against the Delta variant of the virus, but showed a lower protection against the Omicron variant.
Models of determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in non-pregnant and pregnant population: review of current literature"

AUTHOR(S)
Lauren Tostrud; Julia Thelen; Anna Palatnik

Published: November 2022   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Vaccination has proven to be the most effective tool in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. While pregnant individuals are considered to be a high-risk population and are more likely to experience adverse effects from COVID-19, vaccination rates among pregnant individuals are significantly lower than in the general population. The Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 3C model, 5C model, and 5A model have been used to assess vaccination hesitancy behaviors. In this paper, we review the use of each of these models to address vaccine hesitancy, with a focus on the pregnant population and the COVID-19 vaccine. The HBM, TPB, 3C model, and 5C model have demonstrated great versatility in their ability to evaluate, explain, and modify vaccine hesitancy and behavior. Up to date, the HBM and 3C models appear to be the most effective models to study and address vaccination hesitancy within the pregnant persons.
Neurological complications of COVID-19 in children and its effect on the quality of life

AUTHOR(S)
Soha Jameel Ashoor; Luay Abdullah Alqurashi; Mariam Ali Hussain (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic that recently enveloped the world is a highly transmissible respiratory disease leading to 2,409,011 deaths in 2021. The most prevalent clinical symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients are fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other respiratory issues. Coronavirus disease 2019 exhibits various neurological manifestations and complications which are quite rare in children. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about neurological complications of Coronavirus disease 2019 in children. Coronavirus disease 2019 is linked to neurological complications in children, including headaches, encephalopathy, and certain other neurological disorders. Involvement of the nervous system in coronavirus infection is either immediate, during the progression of the disease, after recovery, or as part of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease in new-borns and infants with neurological complications vary and can affect the whole neuraxis, affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, or both. In addition, children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome and coronavirus had severe neurological complications such as encephalitis, epilepsy, coma, dementia, dysgeusia or ageusia, aseptic meningitis, stroke, dysarthria, dysphagia, cerebellar ataxia, axial hypotonia, and drowsiness. Seizures in children are normally reported when they are suffering from fever due to viral infection. Neurological complications in children are rare and limited literature is available in this regard. More comprehensive, clinical follow-up studies can significantly contribute to understanding the relationship among coronavirus disease effects and neurological complications among children.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 9 | Issue: 12 | No. of pages: 5 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, child well-being, COVID-19, infectious disease, respiratory diseases
A systematic review of acute and emergency care interventions for adolescents and adults with severe acute respiratory infections including COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

AUTHOR(S)
Stephanie Chow Garbern; Pryanka Relan; Gerard M. O’Reilly (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Journal of Global Health

Severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) remain a leading cause of death globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early intervention is critical, considering the potential for rapid decompensation in patients with SARIs. We aimed to evaluate the impact of acute and emergency care interventions on improving clinical outcomes in patients >10 years old with SARIs in LMICs. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus databases to identify peer-reviewed studies containing SARI, LMICs, and emergency care interventions. Studies published prior to November 2020 focusing on patients >10 years old were included. A narrative synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of identified articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tools.

Clinical and epidemiological presentation of COVID-19 among children in conflict setting

AUTHOR(S)
Maureen Dar Iang; Ola El Hajj Hassan; Maureen McGowan (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Children
This study aims to describe the observable symptoms of children with COVID-19 infection and analyze access to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing among children seeking care in Yemen. In the period of March 2020–February 2022, data were obtained from 495 children suspected to have been infected with COVID-19 (from a larger register of 5634 patients) from the Diseases Surveillance and Infection Control Department at the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Aden, Yemen.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 9 | No. of pages: 11 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, disease transmission, health services, infectious disease, pandemic | Countries: Yemen
Evaluation of "Catch Up to Get Ahead" efforts on administration of routine childhood vaccinations during COVID-19 pandemic, United States Indian Health Service, 2020

AUTHOR(S)
Jessica Fung Deerin; Akosua Asantewa Gyekye-Kusi; Jillian Doss-Walker (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Journal of Public Health Policy
Routine immunization rates in the United States (US) declined immediately after the US declared COVID-19 a public health emergency in March 2020. Decreases in childhood vaccination place children at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases and communities at risk for outbreaks from these diseases. The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched “Catch Up to Get Ahead” in August 2020 to promote routine childhood immunization. The decline in mean coverage of the combined 7-vaccine series among children aged 19–35 months was less in Indian Health Service (IHS) federal health centers that implemented “Catch Up to Get Ahead” compared to IHS federal health centers that did not. The effort to promote catch-up vaccination may have showed promise in minimizing the decline in childhood vaccination coverage during the pandemic. However, the effort was not enough to reach pre-pandemic levels, indicating the need for more robust and sustained efforts to catch children up on all delayed immunizations.
Short report: vaccine attitudes in the age of COVID-19 for a population of children with mitochondrial disease

AUTHOR(S)
Eliza Gordon-Lipkina; Christopher Steven Marcumb; Shannon Kruk (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Research in Developmental Disabilities

Children with developmental disabilities are vulnerable to morbidity associated with COVID-19. This paper aims to understand attitudes toward routine childhood vaccinations versus the COVID-19 vaccine in a population of families affected by mitochondrial disease (MtD), a form of developmental disability. An online survey was administered via several advocacy groups for children with MtD.

Parental refusal and hesitancy of vaccinating children against COVID-19: findings from a nationally representative sample of parents in the U.S.

AUTHOR(S)
Thadchaigeni Panchalingam; Yuyan Shi

Published: November 2022   Journal: Preventive Medicine
The uptake rate of COVID−19 vaccines among children remains low in the U.S. This study aims to 1) identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors influencing parental refusal of vaccinating children, and 2) quantify the relative importance of vaccine characteristics in parental hesitancy of vaccinating children. An online survey was conducted from October to November 2021 among a probability-based, representative sample of 1456 parents with children under age 18. The survey included a discrete choice experiment asking parents to choose between two hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine alternatives with varying levels of characteristics in 10 hypothetical scenarios. Logistic regressions were used to estimate parental refusal (refused to choose any vaccine alternatives in all hypothetical scenarios) and random parameter logit regressions were used to estimate parental hesitancy (choice of vaccine alternatives depended on vaccine characteristics) of vaccinating children.
Factors predicting the willingness of parents to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Jordan

AUTHOR(S)
Reem Ali

Published: October 2022   Journal: Jordan Journal of Nursing Research

COVID-19 vaccination has proven effective in controlling   the spread of corona viruses. However, many parents remain unwilling to have their children vaccinated. This study aims to investigate   the willingness on the part of Jordanian parents to have their children receive COVID-19 vaccines and to examine the predictors of this parental willingness. These predictors/variables include parents’ demographic variables, risk perception, and trust in health authorities and healthcare professionals. In September 2020 an online survey was used to generate a sample made up of parents residing in every region of the country using a proportional cluster protocol.   A self-reporting questionnaire was used to generate the data.

Systematic review on Covid vaccination in children- assessment of safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and adverse effects

AUTHOR(S)
Amandeep Kaur; Navdeep Kaur; Preeti Singh Dhoat (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results
The recent pandemic outbreak Covid-19 has led to substantial illness and ultimate mortality across the globe and children
are highly are in the verge of being in a critical role as vectors in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. There are quite
a few studies which have observed that the vaccinated individuals who become infected again are on the side fewer side to transmit the
virus due to reduced viral load and the duration of virus shedding and as a result, transmission from vaccinated individual to household
contacts is significantly lower. This systemic review was thus undertaken with the objective of analysing the literature that were
available on the safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and if any adverse effects of covid vaccination in children. It conducted both a systematic review. This review was solely based on the predefined protocol and it was conducted in concordance with PRISMA guidelines.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 13 | Issue: Special issue 5 | No. of pages: 4 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, immunization, immunization programmes, infectious disease, pandemic, vaccination, vaccination policies
The COVID-19 YPAR project: Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) to explore the context of ethnic minority youth responses to COVID-19 vaccines in the United States and United Kingdom

AUTHOR(S)
Megan Schmidt-Sane; Tabitha Hrynick; Elizabeth Benninger (et al.)

Institution: Institute of Development Studies
Published: October 2022   Journal: Opendocs
Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in the US and UK, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised and/or deprived communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among young people (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio, US and the London borough of Ealing, UK.
Association of health literacy, COVID-19 threat, and vaccination intention among Brazilian adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Sidiany Mendes Pimentel; Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila; Rafaela Aparecida Prata (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

This study aims to investigate the influence of health literacy on the assessment of COVID-19 threat to health and the intention not to be vaccinated among Brazilian adolescents. Cross-sectional study with 526 Brazilian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Socioeconomic aspects, health-disease profile, health literacy, health threat by COVID-19 and intention not to be vaccinated were analyzed by bivariate association and multiple linear regression with Poisson response.

Malaria and COVID-19 prevalence in a population of febrile children and adolescents living in Libreville

AUTHOR(S)
Bridy C. Moutombi Ditombi; Bedrich Pongui Ngondza; Charleine Manomba Boulingui (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

Patients with acute febrile illness need to be screened for malaria and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in malaria-endemic areas to reduce malaria mortality rates and to prevent the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to estimate the frequency of children and adolescents with COVID-19 and/or malaria among febrile patients attending for malaria diagnosis This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sentinel site for malaria surveillance during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (Omicron variant), from October 2021 to December 2021 in Gabon. All febrile patients were tested for malaria using microscopy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid antigen tests developed by Sansure Biotech®.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 37 | Issue: 1 | No. of pages: 5 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescent health, child health, COVID-19, disease transmission, infectious disease, malaria, pandemic | Countries: Gabon
Parents' willingness to vaccinate themselves and their children with the booster vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional study in Puyang city, China

AUTHOR(S)
Yiguo Zhou; Guo-Xing Li; Tian-Shuo Zhao (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Journal of Medical Virology
This study aimed to investigate the hesitancy and willingness of parents to vaccinate themselves and their children with a booster dose against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and related factors. It conducted a cross-sectional study in Puyang city, China. The information was collected, including demographic characteristics, willingness to receive a booster dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, and attitudes and concerns toward COVID-19 and vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed in individuals completing the first two doses and booster eligible, while vaccine willingness was assessed in those completing the first two doses and not yet booster eligible.
91 - 105 of 783

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