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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNDER DEVELOPMENT UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Old tricks, new opportunities: how companies violate the International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes and undermine maternal and child health during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Constance Ching; Paul Zambrano; Tuan T. Nguyen (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Breastfeeding is critical to maternal and child health and survival, and the benefits persist until later in life. Inappropriate marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS), feeding bottles, and teats threatens the enabling environment of breastfeeding, and exacerbates child mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition, especially in the context of COVID-19. These tactics also violate the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. This study identified marketing tactics of BMS companies since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic by reviewing promotional materials and activities from 9 companies in 14 countries, and the official Code reporting data from the Philippines.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

A systematic review of 571 pregnancies affected by COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Leila Karimi; Amir Vahedian-Azimi; Somayeh Makvandi (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease has been severe and a cause for major concern around the world. Due to immunological and physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnant women have a higher risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to collect and integrate the results of previous studies to get an accurate representation and interpretation of the clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiological findings, and characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 287-298 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19, lockdown, maternal and child health, pregnancy, pregnant women

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

The 2019 novel Coronavirus disease in pregnancy: a systematic review

AUTHOR(S)
Somayeh Makvandi; Mitra Mahdavian; Goli Kazemi-Nia (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19

In December 2019, a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China, and quickly became a pandemic. In such situations, pregnant women are suspected of being among the vulnerable groups. The aim of this study was to report clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and obstetrical complications, maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. We searched the Cochrane library, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Web of Sciences from their inception to April 5, 2020. Any study involving pregnant women with COVID-19 which evaluated the effect of the disease on pregnancy outcomes and fetal and neonatal complications was included in the study.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 299-307 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, lockdown, maternal and child health, pregnancy, pregnant women

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

COVID‐19 guidelines for pregnant women and new mothers: a systematic evidence review

AUTHOR(S)
Madeline A. Di Lorenzo; Sarah O'Connor; Caroline Ezekwesili (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics

Nearly a year after COVID-19 was initially detected, guidance for pregnant and new mothers remains varied. The goal of this systematic review is to summarize recommendations for three areas of maternal and fetal care - breastfeeding, post-partum social distancing, and decontamination. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science spanning from inception to November 09, 2020.

Journal article

The role of pandemic‐related pregnancy stress in preference for community birth during the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States

AUTHOR(S)
Heidi Preis; Brittain Mahaffey; Marci Lobel

Published: March 2021 Journal: Birth

The COVID‐19 pandemic introduced unparalleled uncertainty into the lives of pregnant women, including concerns about where it is the safest to give birth, while preserving their rights and wishes. Reports on the increased interest in community births (at home or in birth centers) are emerging. The purpose of this project was to quantitatively investigate psychological factors related to this birth preference.

Journal article

COVID-19-related health worries compound the psychiatric distress experienced by families of high-risk infants

AUTHOR(S)
Cindy H. Liu; Leena Mittal; Carmina Erdei

Published: March 2021 Journal: Journal of Perinatology

Parents of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants are at high risk for perinatal mental health problems, which can impact infant and family outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic is a major environmental stressor that may compound family psychiatric distress in the NICU, with heightened health-related worries predisposing NICU mothers to exacerbation of mental health issues. This study examines how COVID-19-related health worries might moderate the effect of the NICU experience on maternal mental health symptoms.

Journal article

Infant outcomes and maternal COVID-19 status at delivery

AUTHOR(S)
Kinga Zgutka; Kaninghat Prasanth; Shirley Pinero-Bernardo (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: Physicians Weekly

This study aims to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of infants born to COVID-19 to non COVID-19 mothers at delivery in a community hospital in Queens, New York. Case-control study conducted March 15 to June 15, 2020. Cases were infants born to mothers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection at delivery. The infant of non COVID-19 mother born before and after each case were selected as controls.

Cite this research | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19, disease transmission, maternal and child health, pregnancy, pregnant women | Countries: United States

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Management and perspective of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pregnancy, and hypercoagulability

AUTHOR(S)
Umair Nasir; Sarfraz Ahmad

Published: March 2021 Journal: SN comprehensive clinical medicine

The modern-day pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly. There is limited data about the effects of the virus on pregnant women, even in women who were infected by other strains of coronavirus such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). After reviewing numerous articles published in the peer-reviewed journals and other authentic sources, this mini-review evaluated various key clinical and laboratory aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relation to pregnancy.

Journal article

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries

AUTHOR(S)
Malia Skjefte; Michelle Ngirbabul; Oluwasefunmi Akeju (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: European Journal of Epidemiology

With the development of multiple effective vaccines, reducing the global morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 will depend on the distribution and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Estimates of global vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children are yet unknown. An understanding of the challenges and correlates to vaccine acceptance will aid the acceleration of vaccine administration within these populations. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women and mothers of children younger than 18-years-old, as well as potential predictors, were assessed through an online survey, administered by Pregistry between October 28 and November 18, 2020.

Journal article

Mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

AUTHOR(S)
Sarah E. D. Perzow; Ella-Marie P. Hennessey; M. Camille Hoffman (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: Journal of affective disorders reports

The COVID-19 pandemic has been uniquely challenging for pregnant and postpartum women. Uncontrollable stress amplifies risk for maternal depression and anxiety, which are linked to adverse mother and child outcomes. This study examined change in internalizing symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant and postpartum women longitudinally, and investigated moderation by loneliness and other contextual risk factors.

Journal article

Promoting and protecting human milk and breastfeeding in a COVID-19 world

AUTHOR(S)
Diane L. Spatz; Riccardo Davanzo; Janis A. Müller (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

The global COVID-19 pandemic has put enormous stress on healthcare systems and hospital staffing. However, through all this, families will continue to become pregnant, give birth, and breastfeed. Unfortunately, care of the childbearing family has been de-prioritized during the pandemic. Additionally, many healthcare practices during the pandemic have not been positive for the childbearing family or breastfeeding. Despite recommendations from the World Health Organization to promote early, direct breastfeeding and skin to skin contact, these and other recommendations are not being followed in the clinical setting. For example, some mothers have been forced to go through labor and birth alone in some institutions whilst some hospitals have limited or no parental visitation to infants in the NICU. Furthermore, hospitals are discharging mothers and their newborns early, limiting the amount of time that families receive expert lactation care, education, and technical assistance. In addition, some hospitals have furloughed staff or transferred them to COVID-19 wards, further negatively impacting direct care for families and their newborns.

Journal article

Relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers: a prospective follow-up study from pre-COVID-19 Japan

AUTHOR(S)
Miyako Kimura; Kazuki Kimura; Toshiyuki Ojima

Published: February 2021 Journal: BMJ Open

Mothers with young children are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of the lifestyle changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the association between such changes and maternal mental health has not been examined, and comparable pre-COVID-19 baseline data were lacking. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers in Japan.

Journal article

Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
Min Du; Jie Yang; Na Han (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: BMJ Open

The secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study conduced retrospective analyses on two cohorts comprising 7699 pregnant women in Beijing, China, and compared pregnancy outcomes between the pre-COVID-2019 cohort (women who delivered from 20 May 2019 to 30 November 2019) and the COVID-2019 cohort (women who delivered from 20 January 2020 to 31 July 2020). The secondary impacts of the COVID-2019 pandemic on pregnancy outcomes were assessed by using multivariate log-binomial regression models, and interrupted time-series (ITS) regression analysis was used to further control the effects of time-trends.

Journal article

Safety of tocilizumab in COVID‐19 pregnant women and their newborn: a retrospective study

AUTHOR(S)
Inés Jiménez‐Lozano; José Manuel Caro‐Teller; Nuria Fernández‐Hidalgo (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics

Tocilizumab is an IL‐6 receptor inhibitor agent which has been proposed as a candidate to stop the inflammatory phase of infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, safety data of tocilizumab in pregnant women and their newborn are scarce. This study aimed to describe maternal and neonatal safety outcomes associated with tocilizumab treatment in pregnant women with severe COVID‐19.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Breastfeeding and COVID-19 vaccination: position statement of the Italian scientific societies

AUTHOR(S)
Riccardo Davanzo; Massimo Agosti; Irene Cetin (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: Italian Journal of Pediatrics

The availability of a COVID-19 vaccine has raised the issue of its compatibility with breastfeeding. Consequently, the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP), the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP), the Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SIGO), the Italian Association of Hospital ObstetriciansGynecologists (AOGOI) and the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT) have made an ad hoc consensus statement. Currently, knowledge regarding the administration of COVID-19 vaccine to the breastfeeding mother is limited. Nevertheless, as health benefits of breastfeeding are well demonstrated and since biological plausibility suggests that the health risk for the nursed infant is unlikely, Italian scientific societies conclude that COVID-19 vaccination is compatible with breastfeeding.

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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