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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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211 - 225 of 496
Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization in school-age children

AUTHOR(S)
Liam O’Neill; Neale R. Chumbler

Published: June 2022   Journal: Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology

With the recent emergence of the Omicron variant, there has been a rapid and alarming increase in the number of COVID-19 cases among pediatric populations. Yet few US pediatric cohort studies have characterized the clinical features of children with severe COVID-19. The objective of this study was to identify those chronic comorbidities that increase the risk of hospitalization for pediatric populations with severe COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study that utilized the Texas Inpatient Public Use Data file was conducted. The study included 1187 patients (ages 5 to 19) from 164 acute-care Texas hospitals with the primary or secondary ICD-10CM diagnosis code U07.1 (COVID-19, virus identified). The baseline comparison group included 38 838 pediatric patients who were hospitalized in 2020. Multivariable binary logistic regression, controlling for patient characteristics, sociodemographic factors, and health insurance, was used to estimate the adjusted risk of hospitalization for COVID-19.

Experiences with antenatal care, breastfeeding education, and employment during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from mothers and healthcare workers in Kenya

AUTHOR(S)
Scott Ickes; Hellen Lemein; Kelly Arensen (et al.)

Published: June 2022   Journal: Current Developments in Nutrition

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding practices in low and middle-income countries is not well understood. Modifications in breastfeeding guidelines and delivery platforms for breastfeeding education are hypothesized to have affected breastfeeding practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to understand the experiences with perinatal care, breastfeeding education and practice among mothers who delivered infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. It conducted key informant interviews among 35 mothers with deliveries since March 2020 and 10 healthcare workers (HCW) from two public health facilities in Naivasha, Kenya.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 6 | Issue: Supplement 1 | No. of pages: 1 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: breastfeeding, COVID-19, infectious disease, maternal and child health, pandemic, pregnancy, pregnant women | Countries: Kenya
A study of the impact of the ARCH model of parenting on the psychosocial well-being of children and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Dhruv Kalawadia; Suradharadhika Ramkrishna; Bela Verma (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Indian Journal of Child Health

The  COVID-19  pandemic  and  its  associated  lockdowns  have  affected  the  development  of  children  negatively.  The  ARCH  model  is  a  parent-administered,  home-based,  psychological  intervention  model  to  improve  the  psychosocial  well-being  of  children  and  their  families.  The  model  acts  as  a  set  of  guidelines  and  a  list  of  activity  modules  for  parent-child  interactions  that  will  promote  and  enhance  the  child’s  social  skills  and  psychological  health.  The  objective  of  the  study  was  to  study  the  effectiveness of a novel innovative psychological model and parenting strategy for promoting the psychosocial well-being of children.  This is an open prospective single-arm study in a tertiary care hospital with pre-and post-intervention design. Patients aged 3–18 years visiting the outpatient department, admitted to the pediatric ward as well as their parents, and siblings, were enrolled in the study. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires. The intervention was administered and 1–2 months later we checked for any changes in the psychosocial well-being scores.

Post-COVID-19 conditions in children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Karel Kostev; Lee Smith; Ai Koyanagi (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Pediatric Research

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with post-COVID-2019 condition in COVID-19 children and adolescents in Germany. The present retrospective cohort study used data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), and included patients aged <18 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in one of 524 general and 81 pediatric practices in Germany between October 2020 and August 2021 (index date: first COVID-19 diagnosis). Post-COVID-19 condition was assessed between the index date and November 2021. Covariates included age, sex, type of practice, and chronic conditions documented in at least 1% of the population.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 6 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescent health, child health, COVID-19, infectious disease, pandemic | Countries: Germany
Routine immunization programs for children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, 2020: hidden effects, predictable consequences

AUTHOR(S)
Gianina Lizeth Suárez-Rodríguez; José Salazar-Loor; Jackson Rivas-Condo (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Vaccines
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global disruption of several services, including routine immunizations. This effect has been described in several countries, but there are few detailed studies in Latin America and no reports in Ecuador. Therefore, this work aims to quantify the reduction in routine immunizations for infants during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. 2018, 2019, and 2020 data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Ecuador. The number of doses and the extent of immunization coverage was descriptively compared for four vaccines: rotavirus (ROTA), poliovirus (PV), pneumococcal (PCV), and pentavalent (PENTA) vaccines. There was no significant difference in doses applied during the 2018 and 2019 years. However, a significant (p < 0.05) drop of 137,000 delivered doses was observed in 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic years. Reductions in the percentage of coverage were more pronounced for the PENTA vaccine (17.7%), followed by PV (16.4%), ROTA (12%), and PCV vaccines (10.7%).
Parental hesitancy towards the established childhood vaccination programmes in the COVID-19 era: assessing the drivers of a challenging public health concern

AUTHOR(S)
Christos Derdemezis; Georgios Markozannes; Marina O. Rontogianni (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Vaccines
Vaccine hesitancy remains a major public health concern. The reasons behind this attitude are complex and warrant careful consideration, especially in the context of the COVID-19 era. The purpose of this study was to estimate vaccine hesitancy towards the established childhood immunization programmes in a non-random sample of Greek parents and explore possible links with important drivers of this phenomenon. An online self-administered questionnaire was used from October 2020 to April 2021 to collect socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health status data and evaluate knowledge, views, and attitudes of the Greek population on COVID-19 pandemic-related issues. Parents were further asked to complete the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire.
Parental attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 of children 5-11 years old in Greece

AUTHOR(S)
Konstantinos Miliordos; Theodoros Giannouchos; Evangelia Steletou (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice

Vaccinating children against COVID-19 is critical to contain the ongoing pandemic. The aim of the present study was to assess parents' and caregivers' intention to vaccinate their 5–11 years old children against COVID-19 and to estimate the association between vaccination intention and sociodemographic, clinical and contextual factors. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey on a convenience sample of parents in Patras, Western Greece.

Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on pediatric residency training program in Sudan: challenges and the way forward

AUTHOR(S)
Inaam N. Mohamed; Safa Nasr; Ilham M. Omer (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Fortune Journal of Health Sciences

The clinical education and hands-on training are affected by the disruption of formal health care delivery and the emergency need to adapt the new rapidly evolving COVID 19 pandemic This study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 pediatric on residency program training in Sudan. This study was carried out in the period from December 2020 – January 2021. A designed questionnaire was distributed using Google form, 186 trainees responded.

Demographic predictors of mothers' willingness to vaccinate young children against COVID-19, get tested and isolate: a cross-sectional survey before and during the greater Sydney lockdown 2021, Australia

AUTHOR(S)
Li Ming Wen; Huilan Xu; Chris Rissel (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

Having a COVID-19 vaccination, getting tested, and self-isolating if symptomatic are some of the most important mitigation strategies for preventing the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate whether demographic factors are associated with mothers' willingness to vaccinate their 4-year-old children against COVID-19 if a suitable vaccine becomes available or to get tested and self-isolate if they themselves have COVID-19 symptoms and whether the willingness could be influenced by the Greater Sydney lockdown 2021.  A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted between 24th February and 26th October 2021. Questions from the NSW Adult Population Health Survey and from previously published studies were used to assess family demographics, mothers' willingness to vaccinate their young children, and willingness to get tested and self-isolate if symptomatic. The survey involved 604 mothers of children aged 4 years who participated in an existing trial in Sydney, Australia.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among minoritised youth in Cleveland, Ohio, United States

AUTHOR(S)
Jillian Schulte; Megan Schmidt-Sane; Elizabeth Benninger (et al.)

Published: May 2022
Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. Despite being over-represented in COVID-19 case counts and fatalities, Black residents were under-represented in COVID-19 vaccination during the first year and half of the pandemic. In Ohio, while roughly 60% of Cuyahoga County residents are fully vaccinated, just 45% of Cleveland residents are fully vaccinated. Lower-income, majority Black, east side neighbourhoods have markedly lower vaccination rates compared to higher-income, mostly white neighbourhoods. Young people ages 16-40 became eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine on March 29th, 2021, and individuals aged 12 and above were able to get vaccinated from May 2021 onward. However, large disparities exist based age, race, and zip code. This brief illustrates underlying reasons shaping COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among minority (especially Black and Latinx) youth (ages 12-18) and offers key considerations for how young people can be better engaged within Cleveland, Ohio. This brief is based on research, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 young people across 16 neighbourhoods through a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) approach in Cleveland to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight areas of hesitancy and confidence.
Caregivers' intention to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age against COVID-19: a cross-sectional multi-center study in Milan, Italy

AUTHOR(S)
Maurizio Lecce; Gregorio Paolo Milani; Carlo Agostoni (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics
The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the pediatric population is increasingly recognized. A widespread vaccination in childhood would provide benefits for children and might help ending the pandemic by enhancing community protection. Following recent approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) for children aged 5–11 years, this study aimed to investigate caregivers' intention to vaccinate their children <12 years of age against COVID-19. A structured questionnaire was administered to caregivers of children aged <12 years visiting the Emergency Department or the outpatient clinics in three major hospitals of Milan, Italy, from 20 September to 17 October 2021. A total of 612 caregivers were invited to participate and 604 accepted (response rate >98%). Three questionnaires were excluded due to compiling errors and 601 were included in the analysis.
The significance of D-dimer investigation in Iraqi children with COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Raed Khudhair Farhan; Ahmed Jawad Kadhim Al Abdullah; Mundher Abdzaid Shamhood

Published: May 2022   Journal: International Journal of Health Sciences,
The proportion of children affected with COVID-19 accounted for approximately 1 to 2 % of all infected cases and the disease often follows a mild to moderate disease. Increased coagulation and events that are thrombotic were repeatedly recorded in adult patients with COVID-19. Nevertheless, till now, there is no consensus about thrombotic events in children in published articles.  This studyaimes to make evaluation of d-dimer level in children with COVID-19 and the rate of thrombotic complications. The present research that is of cross sectional type was carried out in Children and Maternity Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. The study included 168 children with COVDI-19 proved by positive RT-PCR results following nasopharyngeal swabs. The age ranged from one month up to 15 years and the study included 77 girls and 91 boys.
Overview of breastfeeding under COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Zehan Pang; Ruolan Hu; Lili Tian (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
During the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pregnant and lactating women are at higher risk of infection. The potential of viral intrauterine transmission and vertical transmission by breastfeeding has raised wide concerns. Breastmilk is rich in nutrients that contribute to infant growth and development, and reduce the incidence rate of infant illness and death, as well as inhibit pathogens significantly, and protect infants from infection. Although it is controversial whether mothers infected with COVID-19 should continue to breastfeed, many countries and international organizations have provided recommendations and guidance for breastfeeding. This review presents the risks and benefits of breastfeeding for mothers infected with COVID-19, and the reasons for the absence of SARS-CoV-2 active virus in human milk. In addition, the antiviral mechanisms of nutrients in breastmilk, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in breastmilk from COVID-19 infected mothers and vaccinated mothers are also summarized and discussed, aiming to provide some support and recommendations for both lactating mothers and infants to better deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Parents' and caregivers' role toward childhood vaccination in Albania: assessment of predictors of vaccine hesitancy.

AUTHOR(S)
E. Gjini; S. Moramarco; M. C. Carestia (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunità

Vaccination has saved millions of lives through the protection of individuals and populations from communicable diseases. Vaccine hesitancy, defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services, has become a growing global concern. The objective of this study was to investigate parents'/caregivers' hesitancy toward childhood vaccination and its predictors in Albania. The data comes from a survey conducted on a sample of parents/caregivers (89.6% mothers) of children aged 6 months to 8 years at health care vaccination centers in seven Albanian cities from December 2020 to February 2021. Parents/caregivers (one per child) were interviewed by trained healthcare staff using a standardized questionnaire on six main content domains, including immunization behavior, beliefs about vaccine safety and efficacy, attitudes about vaccines, vaccination confidence, estimation of vaccine delay, and the intention to immunize children against SARS-CoV-2, and a self-reported hesitancy.

Post-covid syndrome in children in rare cases of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
I. N. Zakharova; I. M. Osmanov; T. M. Tvorogova (et al.)

Published: May 2022   Journal: Pediatrics. Consiliumj Medicum
Post-covid syndrome (PCS) is a symptom complex that occurs during and after COVID-19 lasting more than 12 weeks, which is not a possible disease. The clinical manifestations of PCS are many-sided, under their mask or manifestations or exacerbations of chronic organic activity, the trigger of which was the virus, are hidden. PCS is a diagnosis of exclusion. The main manifestations of PCS: autonomic dysregulation, cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders, disorders of the respiratory system, cardiovascular, digestive systems. Direct pathogenic factors, the main neurological manifestations are PCS of preservation of brain hypoperfusion, hypoxia and hypoxemia, resulting in energy deficiency of neuronal structures, violation of the probable, as well as virus-induced structural detection of neurons in the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain. The severity and duration of exposure appear to be increasingly dependent on the body's response to SARS-CoV-2. PCS has a different severity of severity in recovered patients and does not always depend on the severity of the acute period. Timely examination with differential diagnosis allows not only to make a diagnosis, but also to recommend therapy with a personalized approach to the correction of PCS.
211 - 225 of 496

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.