Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Sport parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions of parents and youth in Australia

AUTHOR(S)
Sam Elliott; Aurélie Pankowiak; Rochelle Eime (et al.)

Published: October 2022 Journal: Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parental involvement in youth sport is largely unknown. The objective of the study presented in this paper was to understand parental involvement in relation to their child’s participation in organised sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an interpretive descriptive methodology, online qualitative interviews and online focus groups with parents and youth (15–18 years) (n = 29) were conducted during June 2020. Following a rigorous reflexive thematic analysis, four themes illustrated the nature of sport parenting during this stressful and uncertain period: (a) reshaping sport parenting identity, (b) the unexpected growth of sport parenting responsibilities, (c) responding to children’s loss of sport, and (d) policies impact family commitment and attitudes to returning to sport. The findings are discussed considering Harwood and Knight’s (2015) postulates of parenting expertise in sport and offer potential ideas to better support parents and children situated in unexpectedly stressful situations.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 64 | No. of pages: 11 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, parent-child relationship, parental responsibility, physical activity, social distance | Countries: Australia

Journal article

The effect of work stress, workload, and social support on nurses' self-perceptions of parenting roles during Covid-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Selver Mete İzci; Bengü Çetinkaya

Published: October 2022 Journal: Journal of Nursing Management

This study aims to investigate the effects of workload, work stress and social support on nurses' self-perceptions regarding their parenting roles in the Covid-19 pandemic and to examine the effect of nurse parents' sociodemographic characteristics on work stress and workload during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought many challenges in the lives of nurses who are fighting at the forefront of the pandemic. One hundred ninety-eight nurse parents participated in the study conducted with a relational study design using an online questionnaire spread through social networks. ‘The Nurse Parents Descriptive Information Form’, ‘The Swedish Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ)’ and ‘The Self-Perception of Parental Role Scale (SPPR)’ were used for the study data.

Journal article

"Having a family is the new normal": parenting in neoliberal academia during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Thais França; Filipa Godinho; Beatriz Padilla (et al.)

Published: August 2022 Journal: Gender, Work & Organization

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has made explicit the burden of care shouldered by academic mothers, in addition to juggling their scholarly commitments. Although discussions are abundant on the impact of caring responsibilities on the careers of women academics, neoliberal academia continues to minimize such struggles. Despite the disruptions to family routines caused by the health crisis, academic institutions have expected academic mothers and fathers to continue undertaking their professional responsibilities at the same level as before, disregarding their parenting demands. This paper contributes to the research on parenthood in academia by looking at how, throughout the pandemic, academic parents have negotiated the tensions between parenthood and academic demands, and by investigating the strategies they use to confront neoliberal culture of academic performativity, even amid the health crisis. The paper engages with the “space invaders” concept used by Puwar (2004) to analyze the “hypervisibility” of academic mothers' and fathers' “bodies out of place” during the pandemic, and to investigate their “renegade acts” against the uncaring attitudes of their institutions. Evidence is drawn from a qualitative study conducted during December 2020 and January 2021 among scholars affiliated to Portuguese academic institutions: 17 in-depth interviews conducted with women, and two mixed-gender focus groups.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 17 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: COVID-19 response, gender equality, gender roles, lockdown, pandemic, parent-child relationship, parental responsibility, social distance, social inequality | Countries: Portugal

Journal article

The mediating role of the perceived COVID-19 vaccine benefits: examining Israeli parents' perceptions regarding their adolescents' vaccination

AUTHOR(S)
Shiran Bord; Carmit Satran; Ayelet Schor

Published: June 2022 Journal: Vaccines

Israel was among the first countries to initiate adolescent COVID-19 vaccination. As adolescent vaccination requires parental consent, this study evaluated the factors associated with parents’ willingness to vaccinate their adolescents and their point of view regarding adolescents’ involvement in this decision. An online survey was completed by 581 parents of adolescents aged 16–18. The main independent variables included trust in the healthcare system, components of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and adolescents’ involvement in the decision, as well as background data, including demographics. Analysis included a multiple logistic regression and mediation examination. Parents reported that 446 adolescents (76.8%) have been or will soon be vaccinated against COVID-19, 12.2% chose not to vaccinate their child and 11% have not yet decided. Vaccination was significantly associated with HBM components and with adolescents’ involvement in the decision. The perceived vaccination benefits acted as a mediator in the association between parents’ COVID-19 perceived threat and adolescent vaccination, as well as between parents’ trust in the healthcare system and adolescent vaccination. Addressing vaccination benefits and barriers is pivotal in the attempt to enhance adolescents’ vaccination adherence. Considering the importance of adolescents’ involvement in the decision, addressing them directly may also be beneficial in improving vaccination rates.

Journal article

Parental attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 of children 5-11 years old in Greece

AUTHOR(S)
Konstantinos Miliordos; Theodoros Giannouchos; Evangelia Steletou (et al.)

Published: May 2022 Journal: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice

Vaccinating children against COVID-19 is critical to contain the ongoing pandemic. The aim of the present study was to assess parents' and caregivers' intention to vaccinate their 5–11 years old children against COVID-19 and to estimate the association between vaccination intention and sociodemographic, clinical and contextual factors. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey on a convenience sample of parents in Patras, Western Greece.

Journal article

Work-to-family conflict and parenting practices: examining the role of working from home among lone and partnered working mothers

AUTHOR(S)
Janine Bernhardt; Claudia Recksiedler

Published: May 2022 Journal: Journal of Family Research

This study investigates associations between work-to-family conflict and parenting practices among lone and partnered working mothers and the role of working from home as a potential resource gain or drain for acting empathetically and supportively towards their children. Emerging evidence suggests that work-to-family conflict reduces responsive parenting practices, yet prior studies have rarely examined disparities by family structure. Although working from home has recently gained in importance in the workforce, there is still little research on its implications for the relationship between work-to-family conflict and the quality of parenting practices. If working from home is not used to do supplemental work during overtime hours, it may free up mothers’ time and emotional resources. In turn, this may either buffer the harmful impact of work-to-family conflict on parenting practices or indirectly enhance the quality of parenting practices by reducing work-to-family conflict. This could be particularly beneficial for lone mothers, who experience more role and time strain.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 29 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: COVID-19 response, gender equality, gender issues, lockdown, parent-child relationship, parental responsibility, social distance, teleworking, women's employment, working mothers | Countries: Germany

Journal article

Becoming a mother during COVID-19: adjustments in performing motherhood

AUTHOR(S)
Clémence Jullien; Roger Jeffery (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: Medicine Anthropology Theory 

Based on online semi-structured interviews with middle-class women who were pregnant or had recently given birth in Western Europe (France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland), this study analyses how motherhood has been experienced and performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article reflects on the specific new risk assessments and responsibilities that emerged during the pandemic by showing women’s coping strategies concerning lockdowns and other public health measures. Using a COVID-19 lens also allows a broader analysis of middle-class families’ concerns about performing ‘good motherhood’. By highlighting the discrepancies between women’s expected and actual experiences, the prescriptive aspects of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum phase are revealed and analysed, prompting us to consider parenting as a form of doing and proving. By underlining the importance attached to the expectant mother’s wellbeing, the partner’s involvement, the support of relatives, and the future socialisation of the baby, we argue that women face a myriad of imperatives to ensure a meaningful experience of motherhood.

Journal article

Online positive parenting programme for promoting parenting competencies and skills: randomised controlled trial.

AUTHOR(S)
Sararat Tuntipuchitanon; Ing‑on Kangwanthiti; Ketsupar Jirakran (et al.)

Published: April 2022 Journal: Scientific Reports

Positive parenting programmes (PPP), albeit effective, are not readily accessible to the general public, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 103 healthy caregiver-child dyads, tyhis study investigated the effectiveness of online PPP on parenting sense of competencies (primary outcome), parenting styles and behavioural concerns of children aged 3–6 years (secondary outcomes) between 2 blinded, parallel groups. After block of 4 randomisations, intervention group (n = 52) attended live, group-based, internet delivered PPP while both intervention and active control group (n = 51) received weekly general education via communication application. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 8 and 14 weeks.

Journal article

Experience of parents of preschool children in Hawaii during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Gary Glauberman; Daisy Kristina Wong; Kristine Qureshi (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: Public Health Nursing

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major disruption to economic, health, education, and social systems. Families with preschool children experienced extraordinary strain during this time. This paper describes a qualitative study examining the experience of parents of preschool children in Hawaii during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirteen (N = 13) parents of preschool children living on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, participated in small group discussions occurring in February and March 2021, approximately 1 year after the start of the pandemic in the state. Discussion transcripts were coded and sorted into themes.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 9 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: child education, child health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, family environment, family income, lockdown, pandemic, parental responsibility, social distance | Countries: United States

Journal article

Caregiver decision-making on young child schooling/care in the face of COVID-19: the influence of child, caregiver, and systemic factors

AUTHOR(S)
Lauren B. Quetsch; Carrie B. Jackson; Harlee Onovbiona (et al.)

Published: March 2022 Journal: Children and Youth Services Review

In March 2020, U.S. schools and daycares largely shut down to manage the novel COVID-19 pandemic. As the country made efforts to reopen the economy, American parents faced difficult decisions regarding returning to work and securing schooling and care for their young children. During the summer and fall of 2020, caregivers (N = 1655) of children (N = 2408; ages 0 – 12 years) completed questionnaires assessing their decision-making process regarding their children’s daycare or schooling situation. A mixed method approach (i.e., qualitative, quantitative assessments) was utilized.

Journal article

COVID-19 testing among US children, parental preferences for testing venues, and acceptability of school-based testing

AUTHOR(S)
Chloe A. Teasdale; Luisa N. Borrell; Yanhan Shen (et al.)

Published: January 2022 Journal: Public health reports

Testing remains critical for identifying pediatric cases of COVID-19 and as a public health intervention to contain infections. This study surveyed US parents to measure the proportion of children tested for COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic, preferred testing venues for children, and acceptability of school-based COVID-19 testing. It conducted an online survey of 2074 US parents of children aged ≤12 years in March 2021. It applied survey weights to generate national estimates, and it used Rao-Scott adjusted Pearson χ2 tests to compare incidence by selected sociodemographic characteristics. It used Poisson regression models with robust SEs to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of pediatric testing.

Journal article

Vignettes of mothering through the pandemic: a gendered perspective of challenges and making meaning of motherhood in India

AUTHOR(S)
Ketoki Mazumdar; Isha Sen; Sneha Parekh

Published: December 2021 Journal: Women's Studies International Forum

The current exploratory study endeavoured to understand the lived experiences of Indian mothers with children below the age of 10 during the COVID-19 pandemic through a feminist lens. Vignettes of two mothers from different occupational backgrounds and family units were chosen. Through in-depth interviews, and using a thematic analysis framework, themes of increased household and childcare responsibilities, evolving socio-cultural gender roles, self-compassion, self-care and meaning making emerged from the narratives. Findings indicate heightened inequalities and efforts from spouses to reduce this gap. Mothers responded by choosing a more compassionate approach towards themselves and in their mothering practices and thus making meaning of their experiences through the pandemic. Results indicate a need to establish and enforce stronger policies around recognizing and appreciating unpaid care and domestic work in keeping with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5.

Journal article

Parent-reported intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19: influences of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccination

AUTHOR(S)
Ashley V. Hill; Krissy Moehling Geffel; Daniel R. Lavage (et al.)

Published: August 2021 Journal: Clinical Pediatrics

The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has significantly affected the well-being of children through economic, education and psychosocial stressord stemming from school closures and reduced access to mental health and social support resources. The recent approval of vaccination and uptake among 12 to 15 year olds is promising. However, research examining parents' intention to vaccinate their children in the United States is limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to examine parents' intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and factors associated with vaccine intentions for children.

Journal article

Investigating the impact of covid-19 socialisation restrictions on children’s spiritual well-being: case studies from Poland and the UK

AUTHOR(S)
Krystyna Heland-Kurzak; Sarah Holmes

Published: August 2021 Journal: International Journal of Children's Spirituality

Parent and practitioners observations were examined to provide insights into the impact of covid-19 restrictions on children’s spiritual well-being, specifically related to reduced physical meeting of church communities in two case study contexts: Poland and the UK. Exploration of the four domains of spiritual wellbeing was carried out, with specific focus on how the abrupt changes in the communal domain may have impacted on other aspects of the child’s spiritual well-being. Significant variations in the response by churches during the pandemic were overlaid by disparate perceptions of the spiritual needs of children in these contexts. The extent to which these responses dovetailed with parental responsibilities and expectations of the church was considered alongside awareness of the changed nature of church’s activity with children during the pandemic.

Journal article

Parental psychological distress and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional survey in Shenzhen, China

AUTHOR(S)
Yucheng Xu; Ruiyin Zhang; Zhifeng Zhou

Published: June 2021 Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders

Parental attitudes towards the vaccines play a key role in the success of the herd immunity for the COVID-19. Psychological health seems to be a controversial determinant of vaccine hesitancy and remains to be investigated. This study attempted to measure parental psychological distress, attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine, and to explore the potential associations. An online survey using convenience sampling method was conducted among parents within the school public health network of Shenzhen. Demographic information and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was applied to measure psychological distress.

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