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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Prevalence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in childcare facilities: a longitudinal study

AUTHOR(S)
Luise Haag; Judith Blankenburg; Manja Unrath (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: The Journal of Pediatrics

This study aims to evaluate the role of childcare facilities in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we conducted a longitudinal study to gain further knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, transmission and spread among preschool children, their parents and caretakers. Children between 1 and 6 years of age, their parents and caregivers in 14 childcare facilities in Dresden, Saxony/Germany were invited to participate in the KiTaCoviDD19-study between July 2020 and January 2021. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed up to 4 times during the study period in all participating adults and personal characteristics as well as epidemiologic information of personal SARS-CoV-2 history were obtained. Samples for stool virus shedding of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed by PCR every 2-4 weeks in all participating children.

Journal article

Will malnutrition, morbidities, and household environmental characteristics are risk factors of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among children under five in India?

AUTHOR(S)
Jay Saha; Pradip Chouhan

Published: July 2021 Journal: Children and Youth Services Review

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-nCoV) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become the worst serious global risk to humanity in the last century and linked with various risk factors. This study aims to find out the risk zone associated with Coronavirus disease among children under-five age using malnourished status, pre-existing morbidity conditions, poor household environmental conditions, and also with case fatality rate (CFR) and active case rate (ACR) of COVID-19 in India.

Journal article

Cyber-safety and COVID-19 in the early years: a research agenda

AUTHOR(S)
Susan Edwards

Published: June 2021 Journal: Journal of Early Childhood Research

Young children aged birth to 5 years are known users of the internet, both unsupervised and in collaboration with adults. Adults also use the internet to share details of children’s lives with others, via sharenting and educational apps. During COVID-19 internet use by children and families rose significantly during periods of enforced stay-home. Internet use by children, and by adults on behalf exposes children to conduct, contact and content risks online. These risks mean that cyber-safety in the early years is increasingly necessary, especially concerning increased internet usage during COVID-19. While cyber-safety is well developed for primary and secondary-school aged children this is not the case for young children, their families and educators. This paper proposes a research agenda for cyber-safety in the early years, using critical constructivism and internet studies to define the internet as a non-unitary technology. Three main objects of study concerning cyber-safety in the early years, including the reference to COVID-19 are identified for targeted research, including: technologies, context and policy.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Child Protection, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: child safety, COVID-19 response, early childhood education, internet, parent-child relationship, parental guidance, preschool children

Journal article

Changes in emotional-behavioral functioning among pre-school children following the initial stage Danish COVID-19 lockdown and home confinement

AUTHOR(S)
Ina Olmer Specht; Jeanett Friis Rohde; Ann-Kristine Nielsen (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: Frontiers in Psychology

Unintended negative outcomes on child behavior due to lockdown and home confinement following the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic needs highlighting to effectively address these issues in the current and future health crises. In this sub-study of the ODIN-study, the objectives were to determine whether the Danish lockdown and home confinement following the COVID-19 pandemic affected changes in emotional-behavioral functioning of pre-school-aged children using the validated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) answered by parents shortly before lockdown and 3 weeks into lockdown, and moreover, to examine whether baseline family and social characteristics could predict change in child emotional-behavioral functioning during lockdown.

Journal article

Preschool children’s drawings: a reflection on children’s needs within the learning environment post COVID-19 pandemic school closure

AUTHOR(S)
Sarah Omar Alabdulkarim; Sama Khomais; Ibtesam Yassin Hussain (et al.)

Published: May 2021 Journal: Journal of Research in Childhood Education

This research analyzes the content of preschool children’s drawings as they reflect on aspects of their preschool environment that they missed most during COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures in Saudi Arabia. Children participated in collaboration with their mothers, who directed and collected their drawings. The participants were limited to a group of 41 children between 3–7 years old. The results revealed that most of their drawings were of people, followed by the school environment; the playground was the most prominent area drawn representing the physical environment. Other categories, from the most to the least drawn, include nature, daily scheduled activities, writing activities, food items, and methods of transportation. Through drawings, children showed their most important needs in the preschool environment, which provides some insight into what educators should plan for when children to return to school.

Journal article

Preschool parents’ views of distance learning during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Michele L. Stites; Susan Sonneschein; Samantha H. Galczyk

Published: May 2021 Journal: Early Education and Development

While research is beginning to emerge about the educational landscape during COVID-19, little attention has been paid to preschool. This mainly descriptive study examined U.S. parents’ views on distance learning for their preschool children during the COVID-19 crisis. Using a survey distributed via social media groups to U.S. parents of preschoolers (N = 166), it examined the following: the types of activities parents engaged in, obstacles to preschool distance learning, and the types of resources parents needed.

Journal article

Safety education for children cannot stop for a pandemic: transitioning an injury prevention program to a virtual format

AUTHOR(S)
Sara Seegert; Taylor D. Meehan; Regina A. Veres

Published: May 2021 Journal: Early Childhood Education Journal

In-person safety programs for pre-kindergarten children were not able to go on in their usual way during the summer of 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. While some communities opted to cancel the programs, one organization in Northwest Ohio chose to reformat it, knowing that this education is a critical introduction to lifelong safety habits. Through social media, video-taped education from community safety professionals, and activity packets given to registrants, “Safety City” was able to go on. The new format incorporated all of the childhood safety topics normally presented in the live version of the program. The efforts described here indicate that it is feasible to alter presentation formats from in-person to virtual to connect even young children with important education. As such, similar programs needing to make this transition while the world continues to adjust to pandemic precautions may benefit from understanding the strengths, limitations, and insights from the process.

Journal article

Virtual kindergarten readiness programming for preschool-aged children: feasibility, social validity, and preliminary impacts

AUTHOR(S)
Rebecca Dore; Laura Justice; Abigail K. Mills (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Early Education and Development

The global COVID-19 pandemic prevented the implementation of in-person summer learning programs designed to improve school readiness for entering kindergartners. Thus, we conducted the current study examining the feasibility, social validity, and preliminary impacts of a virtual summer learning program. Ninety-one preschoolers and their caregivers participated in a 4-week program involving one weekly teacher-caregiver meeting, two weekly Watch Together home learning activities, two weekly Play Together home learning activities, one or two weekly Read Together home learning activities, and one or two weekly teacher-child video chat lessons. Recruitment and participation indicated high levels of interest.

Journal article

Children’s changing behaviours and routines, challenges and opportunities for parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Iskender Gelir; Nurullah Duzen

Published: April 2021 Journal: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education

This study examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and preschool children from parents’ perspectives. We used an open-ended online questionnaire to reach parents (81: 60 mothers and 21 fathers). The questionnaire includes questions about gender, age, occupation and educational level, and questions about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ecological model is used as the theoretical construct to examine interactions between children and parents at home. Three main categories are identified: changing behaviours and routines, challenges and difficulties, and opportunities for parenting. The participants report that children’s 11 social and emotional behaviours change during the pandemic in general and the lockdown.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: behavioural change, child mental health, COVID-19 response, lockdown, parent-child relationship, preschool children, social distance

Journal article

The impact of coronavirus lockdown on oral healthcare and its associated issues of pre-schoolers in China: an online cross-sectional survey

AUTHOR(S)
Chang Liu; Shuang Zhang; Chenzheng Zhang (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: BMC Oral Health

The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic infuenced people’s daily life. During lockdown of Wuhan city, the oral health and its associated issues of preschool children were investigated and guidance for dental clinics when the epidemic were controlled in the future were also provided.

Journal article

My son can’t socially distance or wear a mask: how families of preschool children with severe developmental delays and challenging behavior experienced the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Laura Paulauskaite; Ola Farris; Helen M. Spencer (et al.)

Published: January 2021 Journal: Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities

Families of children with developmental delays (DD) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic experienced inequalities in accessing health and social care services. Measures put in place to combat the spread of the coronavirus have potentially exacerbated existing inequalities and have led to additional pressures for these families. This is a cross-sectional online survey of parents of young children with moderate to severe DD and challenging behaviors living in England, UK. Parents have been asked about the impact the pandemic has had on their family well-being, receipt of support, and post COVID-19 concerns.

Journal article

A predictable home environment may protect child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Laura M. Glynn; Elysia Poggi Davis; Joan L. Luby (et al.)

Published: January 2021 Journal: Neurobiology of Stress

Information about the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent and adult mental health is growing, yet the impacts on preschool children are only emerging. Importantly, environmental factors that augment or protect from the multidimensional and stressful influences of the pandemic on emotional development of young children are poorly understood. Depressive symptoms in 169 preschool children (mean age 4.1 years) were assessed with the Preschool Feelings Checklist during a state-wide stay-at-home order in Southern California. Mothers (46% Latinx) also reported on externalizing behaviors with the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire. To assess the role of environmental factors in child mental health we examined household income, food insecurity, parental essential worker status and loss of parental job, as well as preservation of the structure of children's daily experiences with the Family Routines Inventory.

Journal article

Sociodemographic predictors of changes in physical activity, screen time, and sleep among toddlers and preschoolers in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Nicolas Aguilar-Farias; Marcelo Toledo-Vargas; Sebastian Miranda-Marquez (et al.)

Published: December 2020 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The aim was to examine the sociodemographic predictors associated with changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) among toddlers and preschoolers during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Chile. Caregivers of 1- to 5-year old children completed an online survey between 30 March and 27 April 2020. Information about the child’s movement behaviors before (retrospectively) and during the pandemic, as well as family characteristics were reported. In total, 3157 participants provided complete data (mean children age: 3.1 ± 1.38 years).

Journal article

Digital literacy as a condition for positive experience of the COVID-19 lockdown for families with preschool children

AUTHOR(S)
G. V. Pavlenko; A. I. Pavlenko

Published: November 2020 Journal: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

Today the COVID-19 pandemic consequences for the preschool education system is one of the most popular research topics, as the lockdown led to serious disruptions to the usual way of family life that is a key condition for the normal development of a child. In Russia, a typical reaction of the authorities to the pandemic was the massive closure of childcare enterprises, that gave many families an additional burden in the form of the task of mastering the preschool education program. In this situation, digital technologies are of particular importance for the successful organization of preschool education in the family and the preservation of an emotionally positive tone in the family, according to the authors of this paper, the educational potential of which depends on how much the preschool child and his family are involved in them. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that digital literacy of family members is one of the conditions for a positive experience of the COVID-19 lockdown for families with preschool children.

Journal article

The interplay between mothers’ and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: an Italian study

AUTHOR(S)
Elisa Di Giorgio; Daniela Di Riso; Giovanna Mioni (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Italy has been the first nation outside of Asia to face the COVID-19 outbreak. To limit viral transmission of infection, by March 10th, 2020, the Italian Government has ordered a national lockdown, which established home confinement, home (smart) working, and temporary closure of non-essential businesses and schools. The present study investigated how these restrictive measures impacted mothers and their pre-school children’s behavioral habits (i.e., sleep timing and quality, subjective time experience) and psychological well-being (i.e., emotion regulation, self-regulation capacity). An online survey was administered to 245 mothers with pre-school children (from 2 to 5 years).

Cite this research | No. of pages: 12 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, lockdown, maternal and child health, maternal and child welfare, mental stress, parent-child relationship, preschool children, psychological distress | Countries: Italy

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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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