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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNDER DEVELOPMENT UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Childhood asthma outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: findings from the PeARL multi‐national cohort

AUTHOR(S)
Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos; Alexander G. Mathioudakis; Adnan Custovic (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: Allergy

The interplay between COVID‐19 pandemic and asthma in children is still unclear. This article evaluated the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on childhood asthma outcomes.

Journal article

Comparison of acute pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory viruses in children: a retrospective multi-center cohort study during COVID-19 outbreak

AUTHOR(S)
Guang-Li Ren; Xian-Feng Wang; Jun Xu (et al.)

Published: February 2021 Journal: Military Medical Research

Until January 18, 2021, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 93 million individuals and has caused a certain degree of panic. Viral pneumonia caused by common viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses have been more common in children. However, the incidence of COVID-19 in children was significantly lower than that in adults. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 in children compared with those of other sources of viral pneumonia diagnosed during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, infectious disease, respiratory diseases

Journal article

Serious infectious events and ibuprofen administration in pediatrics: a narrative review in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Lucia Quaglietta; Massimo Martinelli; Annamaria Staiano

Published: January 2021 Journal: Italian Journal of Pediatrics

Despite its recognized efficacy and tolerability profile, during the last decade a rise of adverse events following ibuprofen administration in children has been reported, including a possible role in worsening the clinical course of infections. Our aim was to critically evaluate the safety of ibuprofen during the course of pediatric infectious disease in order to promote its appropriate use in children.

Journal article

Distinct antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults across the COVID-19 clinical spectrum

AUTHOR(S)
Stuart P. Weisberg; Thomas J. Connors; Yun Zhu (et al.)

Published: November 2020 Journal: Nature Immunology

Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are associated with age. Adults develop respiratory symptoms, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the most severe form, while children are largely spared from respiratory illness but can develop a life-threatening multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Here, we show distinct antibody responses in children and adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 13 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, infectious disease, respiratory diseases

Journal article

Characteristics and considerations in the medical treatment of COVID‐19 in children

AUTHOR(S)
Kazunori Imai; Asako Matsushima; Shinji Saitoh

Published: November 2020 Journal: Acute Medicine & Surgery

It is rare for children to be in serious condition or die from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) except for those with underlying diseases such as chronic lung disease (including asthma), cardiovascular disease, and immunosuppressive disease. Recently, patients with hyperinflammatory shock have been identified among children who are confirmed to have or are suspected of having SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The presenting signs and symptoms are characterized by prolonged fever, abdominal pain, and cardiac involvement without any signs of pneumonia on chest computed tomography. However, it is uncertain at this time whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection affects this syndrome.

Journal article

Baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes of 55,270 children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 and 1,952,693 with influenza in France, Germany, Spain, South Korea and the United States: an international network cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
Talita Duarte-Salles; David Vizcaya; Andrea Pistillo (et al.)

Published: November 2020 Journal: Physical Therapy

This study comprehensively characterizes a large international cohort of pediatric COVID-19 patients, and almost 2 million with previous seasonal influenza across 5 countries. Although uncommon, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) were more frequent in children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 than in those with seasonal influenza. Dyspnea, bronchiolitis, anosmia and gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent in COVID-19, and could help to differentiate pediatric COVID-19 from influenza. A plethora of medications were used during the management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents, with great heterogeneity in the use of antiviral therapies as well as of adjunctive therapies.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Impact of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with pediatric disorders: rehabilitation perspectives from a developing country

AUTHOR(S)
André Luís Ferreira Meireles; Louisiana Carolina Ferreira de Meireles

Published: November 2020 Journal: Physical Therapy

COVID-19 can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and other important complications, including death, especially in high risk groups.Among pediatric patients, according to the literature, COVID-19 appears to be less severe than in adults and the elderly, and approximately 90% of pediatric patients are diagnosed with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease.Even so, 6.7% of cases may be severe in children with serious underlying conditions such as neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders.4 Respiratory complications are a major cause of death in the chronic neuropediatric population.

Journal article

COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Li Jiang; Kun Tang; Mike Levin (et al.)

Published: November 2020 Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus continues to spread worldwide, there have been increasing reports from Europe, North America, Asia, and Latin America describing children and adolescents with COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory conditions. However, the association between multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19 is still unknown. This article reviews the epidemiology, causes, clinical features, and current treatment protocols for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents associated with COVID-19. It also discusses the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for COVID-19-induced inflammatory processes, which can lead to organ damage in paediatric patients who are severely ill. These insights provide evidence for the need to develop a clear case definition and treatment protocol for this new condition and also shed light on future therapeutic interventions and the potential for vaccine development.

Journal article

A comprehensive review of neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 and management of pre-existing neurologic disorders in children

AUTHOR(S)
Yunsung Kim; Sarah A. Walser; Sheila J. Asghar (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: Journal of Child Neurology

Since the first reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection from China, multiple studies have been published regarding the epidemiologic aspects of COVID-19 including clinical manifestations and outcomes. The majority of these studies have focused on respiratory complications. However, recent findings have highlighted the systemic effects of the virus, including its potential impact on the nervous system. Similar to SARS-CoV-1, cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the expression of ACE2, a receptor that is abundantly expressed in the nervous system. Neurologic manifestations in adults include cerebrovascular insults, encephalitis or encephalopathy, and neuromuscular disorders. However, the presence of these neurologic findings in the pediatric population is unclear. In this review, the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, known neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 in children, and management of preexisting pediatric neurologic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.

Journal article

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children in Pakistan

AUTHOR(S)
Masood Sadiq; Omeir Ali Aziz; Uzma Kazmi (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

The knowledge of COVID-19 is evolving with new aspects of the disease continuing to emerge. Children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age constitute 10·6% of the total reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan as of July 8, 2020, with a mortality of 0·3% for those aged 10 years or younger and 0·5% for those aged 11–20 years. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS) is being reported primarily from Europe and the USA. Many of these children meet the criteria for complete or incomplete Kawasaki disease, but different clinical presentations of this inflammatory disorder are being reported. The ethnic origin of reported cases show that Black, Hispanic, and Asian children might be disproportionally affected. Similarly, unlike Kawasaki disease, these cases have occurred in older children and adolescents.

Journal article

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in South Africa

AUTHOR(S)
Kate Webb; Deepthi Raju Abraham; Ayodele Faleye (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

There are reports of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 known as MIS-C or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS). The definition of MIS-C issued by WHO includes clinical and laboratory features, with evidence of COVID-19, or likely contact with a person who has or has had COVID-19. South Africa has the most reported COVID-19 cases in Africa, with the Western Cape Province acting as the initial epicentre with a total of 93.414 people with confirmed COVID-19 by July 31, 2020, of whom 2910 were younger than 15 years old.

Journal article

General health status of asthmatic children during COVID‐19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Evrim Hepkaya; Ayse Ayzit Kilinc; Memnune Nur Cebi (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Pediatrics International

Since COVID‐19 pandemic became a serious health concern globally, patients with chronic diseases require close attention with regard to general risks and current individual treatments. This study aimed to reveal the general health status of the pediatric asthmatic patients during the pandemic, considering the role of household factors in parental attitudes.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 in children: a short review

AUTHOR(S)
Sham Balkisanji Lohiya; Sachin Damke; Richa Chaudhary

Published: September 2020 Journal: International Journal of Current Research and Review

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a series of Cases of severe pneumonia worldwide. It originated in Wuhan in Hubei province, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection by ACE receptors, similar to SARS. It causes potential damage to vital organs, mainly the lungs. COVID- 19 mainly affects respiratory tract with symptoms ranging from upper respiratory tract infection like symptoms to full-blown ARDS. Although the pediatric age group is shown to be less susceptible to severe infection, they can very well act as an intermediate in the transmitter of the virus. Treatment is symp-tomatic for mild diseases, but severe disease and ARDS require ICU management and specific treatment.

Journal article

Decrease of respiratory diseases in one social children welfare institute in Shanxi Province during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
B. Liu; Q. F. Han; W. P. Liang

Published: September 2020 Journal: Journal of Public Health

This study surveyed and analyzed common diseases among children under the age of 14 in one social children welfare institute in Shanxi Province from January to May in 2018–2020 by the year-on-year method. In view of the above anti-epidemic measures, it indicates that the children gathering institutions should strengthen effective personal protection and public health management to reduce infectious disease among children.

Journal article

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 in Mumbai, India

AUTHOR(S)
Shreepal Jain; Supratim Sen; Srinivas Lakshmivenkateshiah (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: Indian pediatrics

This is an observational study about the presentation, treatment and outcome of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) in Mumbai metropolitan area in India, and it is conducted at four tertiary hospitals in Mumbai. Parameters including demographics, symptomatology, laboratory markers, medications and outcome were obtained from patient hospital records and analyzed in patients treated for MIS-C (as per WHO criteria) from 1 May, 2020 to 15 July, 2020.

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