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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children in Pakistan

AUTHOR(S)
Masood Sadiq; Omeir Ali Aziz; Uzma Kazmi (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

The knowledge of COVID-19 is evolving with new aspects of the disease continuing to emerge. Children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age constitute 10·6% of the total reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan as of July 8, 2020, with a mortality of 0·3% for those aged 10 years or younger and 0·5% for those aged 11–20 years. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS) is being reported primarily from Europe and the USA. Many of these children meet the criteria for complete or incomplete Kawasaki disease, but different clinical presentations of this inflammatory disorder are being reported. The ethnic origin of reported cases show that Black, Hispanic, and Asian children might be disproportionally affected. Similarly, unlike Kawasaki disease, these cases have occurred in older children and adolescents.

Journal article

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in South Africa

AUTHOR(S)
Kate Webb; Deepthi Raju Abraham; Ayodele Faleye (et al.)

Published: October 2020 Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

There are reports of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 known as MIS-C or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS). The definition of MIS-C issued by WHO includes clinical and laboratory features, with evidence of COVID-19, or likely contact with a person who has or has had COVID-19. South Africa has the most reported COVID-19 cases in Africa, with the Western Cape Province acting as the initial epicentre with a total of 93.414 people with confirmed COVID-19 by July 31, 2020, of whom 2910 were younger than 15 years old.

Journal article

General health status of asthmatic children during COVID‐19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Evrim Hepkaya; Ayse Ayzit Kilinc; Memnune Nur Cebi (et al.)

Published: September 2020 Journal: Pediatrics International

Since COVID‐19 pandemic became a serious health concern globally, patients with chronic diseases require close attention with regard to general risks and current individual treatments. This study aimed to reveal the general health status of the pediatric asthmatic patients during the pandemic, considering the role of household factors in parental attitudes.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 in children: a short review

AUTHOR(S)
Sham Balkisanji Lohiya; Sachin Damke; Richa Chaudhary

Published: September 2020 Journal: International Journal of Current Research and Review

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a series of Cases of severe pneumonia worldwide. It originated in Wuhan in Hubei province, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection by ACE receptors, similar to SARS. It causes potential damage to vital organs, mainly the lungs. COVID- 19 mainly affects respiratory tract with symptoms ranging from upper respiratory tract infection like symptoms to full-blown ARDS. Although the pediatric age group is shown to be less susceptible to severe infection, they can very well act as an intermediate in the transmitter of the virus. Treatment is symp-tomatic for mild diseases, but severe disease and ARDS require ICU management and specific treatment.

Journal article

Decrease of respiratory diseases in one social children welfare institute in Shanxi Province during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
B. Liu; Q. F. Han; W. P. Liang

Published: September 2020 Journal: Journal of Public Health

This study surveyed and analyzed common diseases among children under the age of 14 in one social children welfare institute in Shanxi Province from January to May in 2018–2020 by the year-on-year method. In view of the above anti-epidemic measures, it indicates that the children gathering institutions should strengthen effective personal protection and public health management to reduce infectious disease among children.

Journal article

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 in Mumbai, India

AUTHOR(S)
Shreepal Jain; Supratim Sen; Srinivas Lakshmivenkateshiah (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: Indian pediatrics

This is an observational study about the presentation, treatment and outcome of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) in Mumbai metropolitan area in India, and it is conducted at four tertiary hospitals in Mumbai. Parameters including demographics, symptomatology, laboratory markers, medications and outcome were obtained from patient hospital records and analyzed in patients treated for MIS-C (as per WHO criteria) from 1 May, 2020 to 15 July, 2020.

Commentaries and Think Pieces

Physiological advantages of children against COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Sinan Yavuz; Selman Kesici; Benan Bayrakci

Published: August 2020 Journal: Acta Paediatrica

This short article discusses the potential theories that could explain why children have a lower incidence and milder clinical manifestations than adults.

The

author discussed the potential theories that could explain why chil-

dren have a lower incidence and milder clinical manifestations than 

adults.

The

author discussed the potential theories that could explain why chil-

dren have a lower incidence and milder clinical manifestations than 

adults.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 1 | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, respiratory diseases

Journal article

Sars-cov-2 infection in children in Southern Italy: a descriptive case series

AUTHOR(S)
Daniela Loconsole; Desirèe Caselli; Francesca Centrone (et al.)

Published: August 2020 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

This study analyzed the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection among all children aged <18 years in the Apulia region of Southern Italy and the characteristics of the infected children. Clinical and demographic data were collected through the national platform for COVID-19 surveillance.

Journal article

COVID-19 in children: should we be worried?

AUTHOR(S)
Candice Laverne Hendricks

Published: August 2020 Journal: South African Medical Journal

Reports indicate that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 have thus far presented with less severe disease than adults. Anxiety regarding a greater ability to transmit the virus is largely unfounded and has played a significant role in the decision to allow children to return to school. In some patients, however, especially in infants and in those with underlying comorbidities, severe disease must be anticipated and planned for accordingly. The most relevant severe clinical presentation in addition to the established respiratory complications, is that of a multisystem inflammatory disorder, with features resembling Kawasaki disease.

Cite this research | Open access | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, morbidity, respiratory diseases, social inequality

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Radiological findings of COVID-19 in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Jogender Kumar; Jitendra Meena; Arushi Yadav (et al.)

Published: July 2020 Journal: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

The majority of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection present with respiratory symptoms, hence various chest imaging modalities have been used in the management. Knowledge about the radiological findings of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children is limited. Hence, this article aims to systematically synthesize the available data that will help in better management of COVID-19 in children. Four different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL) were searched for articles reporting radiological findings in children with COVID-19. Studies reporting thoracic radiological findings of COVID-19 in patients aged <19 years were included. A random-effect meta-analysis (wherever feasible) was performed to provide pooled estimates of various findings.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child diseases, child health, COVID-19, respiratory diseases

Journal article

Overview of management of children with COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Dyah Kanya Wati; Arya Krisna Manggala

Published: July 2020 Journal: Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The widespread and contagious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a burden in the global health domain. The subsequent discovery of the virus features and pathogenesis, and prompt and adequate management are still lacking and remain inconclusive. Children usually present milder symptoms than adults, and management focuses on providing symptomatic and respiratory supports. Several treatment modalities, including the utilization of mechanical ventilation (MV), antivirals, immune-modulating drugs, or other agents, may present promising results in reducing the symptoms of COVID-19, particularly in severe cases. Although no randomized clinical trials have been published to date, it is interesting to explore potential modalities for treating COVID-19 in children, based on review articles, case reports, and recent guidelines.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review

AUTHOR(S)
Ioana M Ciuca

Published: June 2020 Journal: Risk management and healthcare policy

The aim of this review was to describe the current knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) in children, from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including knowledge on the disease course, treatment, and prognosis. An extensive literature search was performed to identify papers on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) in children, published between January 1, 2020 and April 1, 2020. There were 44 relevant papers on COVID-19 in children. The results showed that COVID-19 occurs in 0.39–12.3% of children. Clinical signs and symptoms are comparable to those in adults, but milder forms and a large percentage of asymptomatic carriers are found among children. Elevated inflammatory markers are associated with complications and linked to various co-infections. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans in children revealed structural changes similar to those found in adults, with consolidations surrounded by halos being somewhat specific for children with COVID-19. The recommended treatment includes providing symptomatic therapy, with no specific drug recommendations for children. The prognosis is much better for children compared to adults. This review highlights that COVID-19 in children is similar to the disease in the adult population, but with particularities regarding clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, chest imaging, and treatment. The prognosis is much better for children compared to adults, but with the progression of the pandemic; the cases in children might change in the future.

Journal article

COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents in Europe: A Multinational, Multicentre Cohort Study

AUTHOR(S)
Petra Prunk; Veronika Osterman; Uros Krivec (et al.)

Institution: The Lancet
Published: June 2020 Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

To date, few data on paediatric COVID-19 have been published, and most reports originate from China. This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and/or adolescents: a meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Alessandro Mantovani; Elisabetta Rinaldi; Chiara Zusi (et al.)

Published: June 2020 Journal: Nature Paediatric Research

This review systematically researched in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases observational studies describing COVID-19 in children and/or adolescents until April 11, 2020. Data regarding clinical and radiological features were extracted from eligible studies and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling. The study finds that children and/or adolescents tend to have a mild COVID-19 course with a good prognosis.
Compared to adults, children and/or adolescents tend to have a mild COVID-19 course with a good prognosis.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescents, children, coronavirus, epidemiology, health, respiratory diseases

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Pediatric COVID-19: Systematic review of the literature

AUTHOR(S)
Patel Neha

Published: May 2020 Journal: American Journal of Otolaryngology

A systematic review of the literature was performed to gain insight into pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology. Specifically, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify any relevant article with a focus on Pediatric Covid 19, Pediatric Covid-19, Pediatric SARS-COV-2, and Pediatric Coronavirus 19. Results show that, in contrast to adults, most infected children appear to have a milder course and have better outcomes overall. Additional care may be needed for children with comorbidities and younger children. This review also suggests that unilateral CT chest imaging findings were seen in 36.4% pediatric COVID-19 patients. This is particularly concerning as the work-up of pediatric patients with cough may warrant a bronchoscopy to evaluate for airway foreign bodies. Extra precautions need to be taken with personal protective equipment for these cases, as aerosolizing procedures may be a method of viral transmission.

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