Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Understanding perceived risks and sexual behavior among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Maria Trent; Jamie Perin; Hasiya Yusuf (et al.)

Published: January 2023 Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health

This paper sought to describe the relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and sexual behaviors among urban adolescents and young adults (AYA). Data were collected from 159 urban AYAs on COVID-19 risk perception, COVID-19 infections and deaths, romantic relationships, and sexual behavior during the stay-at-home order using a telephone survey. Seventy-nine percent of the study participants engaged in sexual intercourse during the stay-at-home order. Only 38% of these used condoms during their last sexual encounter. Experiencing COVID-19 positivity within their social circle was not related to COVID-19 testing. Concern for COVID-19 infection or experiencing a COVID-19 diagnosis or death in one's social circles was not associated with sexual intercourse or condom use.

Journal article

Racial healing during the COVID-19 and anti-Asian pandemics through critical consciousness informed antiracist parenting practices (CCIARP)

AUTHOR(S)
Yuying Tsong; Sapna B. Chopra; Hsiu-Lan Cheng

Published: January 2023 Journal: Asian American Journal of Psychology

Pervasive anti-Asian racism and xenophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic pose risks to Asian Americans’ mental health and wellness. Parents and caregivers play a vital role in children’s identity development and beliefs about race and racism. This article offers an analysis of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on Asian American (AA) adults’ and children’s wellness. In addition, based on reviews and analyses of the literature, it proposes a framework of critical consciousness informed antiracist parenting (CCIARP) for AA parents, practitioners, and educators who work with them to understand and heal from existing and continuing racial trauma as well as strategies and tools to enact social change toward a more just future. CCIARP recommendations include (a) cultivating antiracist awareness, (b) building skills and engaging in activism, and (c) fostering an antiracist parent–child relationship. Limitations and future research needed to apply this framework are included in the discussions.

Journal article

Social connection when physically isolated: family experiences in using video calls

AUTHOR(S)
Ilze Kacane; Maria Jose Hernández-Serrano

Published: January 2023 Journal: Open Cultural Studies

Digital (video) calls have become a significant tool during the challenging times marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article focuses on the perceived functionality of video calls for maintaining social contacts and overcoming loneliness in celebrating family festivities limited by physical distance policies. The qualitative study conducted at the end of 2021 in Latvia and Spain examines families’ cultural socialisation via digital tools and, based on data obtained from semi-structured in-depth interviews, assesses the users’ digital experiences in celebrating Christmas and the New Year from retrospective and prospective standpoints.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 15 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, child education, communication, COVID-19 response, lockdown, new media, new technology, parent-child relationship, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: Latvia, Spain

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Examining civic engagement in ethnic minority youth populations: a literature review and concept analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Van Phan; Bret Kloos

Published: January 2023 Journal: American Journal of Community Psychology

Racial reckoning is defined as the subjugation of Black, Indigenous, and people of Color (BIPOC) to racial hierarchies and subordinate groups that influence multiple well-being outcomes throughout the developmental lifespan and across generations. With the two pandemics of racial reckoning and COVID-19 amidst a growing controversial political landscape, topics around civic engagement have been brought to the forefront of community conversation. Discussions surrounding civic engagement must go beyond addressing issues of public concern and examine the vehicle in which civic engagement may be delivered. This is becoming increasingly important as civic engagement is one of the main avenues of social change through individual and collective action, particularly regarding racial reckoning and healthcare disparities highlighted by COVID-19. The paper focuses on civic engagement among ethnic minority youth and young adults. An integrated model of civic engagement was created based off what was learned through this review. This proposed model of civic engagement is meant to be the first step to addressing the gap in civic engagement literature for ethnic minority youth. Weaknesses and future considerations regarding the model will also be discussed, as well as any implications for ethnic minority youth and young adults.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 25 | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, ethnic minorities, lockdown, mental health services, racial discrimination, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: United States

Journal article

Searching for online information on the fit of children's footwear during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of Google Trends data

AUTHOR(S)
Carina Price; Stewart Morrison; Michael Haley (et al.)

Published: January 2023 Journal: Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Selecting footwear with appropriate fit in children is challenging due the changes with foot size and dimensions which occur throughout childhood. Access to appropriate footwear is important but recent challenges with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in closure of retail stores for prolonged periods where parents/carers could not physically purchase footwear for their children and the footwear industry suffered disruption to their supply chain, and falls in retail sales. Simultaneously increased use of social media platforms for health information seeking throughout the pandemic have been documented. This likely would have included parents/carers seeking information online to support footwear purchases for their children. The primary aim of this work was to explore how searches for online fitting information for children changed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown periods. A secondary aim was to identify how searches were influenced by footwear style.

Journal article

Factors associated with changes in e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking by adolescents and young people in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Omolola T. Alade; Heba Sabbagh (et al.)

Published: January 2023 Journal: Psychoactives

This study aimed to assess the proportion of adolescents and young people (AYP) in Nigeria who changed their frequency of e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic; and factors associated with the increase, decrease or no change in e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking (including night smoking). This study was a cross-sectional study of AYP recruited from all geopolitical zones in the country. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine if respondents’ health HIV and COVID-19 status and anxiety levels were associated with changes in e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking frequency.

Journal article

When not helping is nice: children's changing evaluations of helping during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Julia Marshall; Young-eun Lee; Paul Deutchman (et al.)

Published: January 2023 Journal: Developmental Psychology

A key aspect of children’s moral and social understanding involves recognizing the value of helpful behaviors. COVID-19 has complicated this process; behaviors generally considered praiseworthy were considered problematic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study examined whether 6- to 12-year-olds (N = 228; residing in the United States) adapt their evaluations of helpful behavior in response to shifting norms. Specifically, we presented children with scenarios featuring helpful and unhelpful actions that involved physical interaction (e.g., hugging) or nonphysical interaction (e.g., recruiting a teacher); although all children were tested during the COVID-19 pandemic, stories portrayed individuals either before or during COVID-19.

Journal article

Disruption, slowness, and collective effervescence: children's perspectives on COVID-19 lockdowns

AUTHOR(S)
Tobia Fattore; Gabrielle Drake; Jan Falloon (et al.)

Published: January 2023 Journal: International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice

The COVID-19 pandemic represented not only a health crisis, but a social crisis for children, one that has disrupted notions of what a good childhood is. However, the longer-term implications of the pandemic are still to be seen, for children, their families and communities. This article is concerned with what these ongoing changes may be, based on a qualitative multi-stage study that asks children about their experiences of well-being before the pandemic, during lockdowns and post-COVID-19 lockdowns. This included asking seven children in online semi-structured interviews about what aspects of life brought on by COVID-19 restrictions they would like to see continue post-lockdown.

Journal article

Social relations of urban children in the liminal time of the pandemic period

AUTHOR(S)
Marzenna Nowicka

Published: December 2022 Journal: The New Educational Review

This paper analysed the social relations of Polish children during the SARSCoV- 2 pandemic. The period of isolation and remote learning was approached as a transitional time using Victor Turner’s concept of liminality. The concept offered a new perspective on children’s experiences during the regime of health protection constraints and the resulting limitations. The research material was collected using focus group interviews with 41 urban children aged 7 and 9 to describe liminal features of their everyday life and characterise their social interactions.

Journal article

Alcohol consumption among Ukrainian adolescents: family and pandemic factors

AUTHOR(S)
Svitlana Shchudlo; Iryna Mirchuk; Oksana Zelena (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction

The first purpose of this research was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol drinking and drunkenness among adolescents in the urban, suburban and rural populations in the Lviv region of Ukraine. The second purpose was to analyse the relationship between family, pandemic, socio-demographic factors and alcohol-related behaviours among adolescents. Data were collected in 2020 in three populations of Ukrainian adolescents aged 13-15 living in Lviv (N = 1085) in the small town of Drohobych (N = 499) and surrounding countryside (N = 454). Due to pandemic restrictions, an online questionnaire was used in Lviv, while a traditional paper questionnaire was circulated in Drohobych and the countryside. The questionnaire and methodology were taken from the Polish Mokotów Study.

Journal article

Mobile game addiction and social interaction anxiety of Malaysian youth

AUTHOR(S)
Mohamad Noorman Masrek; Waqas Ahmed; Abdurrahman Jalil (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal

With individuals of all ages confined to their homes for extended periods of time, the pandemic laid the groundwork for an upsurge in online mobile gaming addiction and risky internet usage. According to research, those who are hooked to online gaming are more likely to experience social interaction anxiety. This research is an additional attempt to confirm prior findings in the context of Malaysian youth. The data was acquired via an online questionnaire as part of the survey research procedure. The respondents were reached through convenient sampling, and the 377 replies provided more evidence on the association between gaming addiction and social interaction anxiety.

Journal article

Looking for your cross‐group friends after the breakout? Children's intergroup contact behaviours before and after the onset of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Sabahat Cigdem Bagci; Faruk Tayyip Yalcin; Abbas Turnuklu (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: British Journal of Social Psychology

While COVID-19 implications for prejudice have been investigated among adults in previous research, children's intergroup reactions to the pandemic and specifically how native children's contact behaviours with refugees might have changed after the pandemic has not been examined yet. Drawing on a unique longitudinal school dataset (N = 861, 5th graders, M age reported at T1 = 10.38, SD = 0.68) collected before the onset of the pandemic (T1, pre-lockdown), after the onset of the pandemic (T2, post-lockdown), and 6 months after the post-lockdown (T3, follow-up) in Turkey, this study examined how children's contact behaviour (positive and negative contact), contact motivation (self-efficacy and volition), as well as behavioural tendencies (approach and avoidance) have shifted during this period (2.5 years).

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Migration, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: behavioural change, child mental health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, refugee children, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: Turkey

Journal article

Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on substance use among middle school and high school students: a natural experiment

AUTHOR(S)
Jonathan K. Noel; Samantha R. Rosenthal; Samantha K. Borden (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Public Health Reports

Research on COVID-19’s effect on substance use is mixed, and few studies have focused on adolescents. This study assessed whether implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown affected substance use and changed perceptions of psychoactive substance availability in middle and high school students. It assessed self-reported use and perceived availability of alcohol, tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, marijuana, synthetic marijuana, nonprescribed prescription drugs, and illicit drugs (heroin, inhalants) among middle and high school respondents aged 11-18 years to the Rhode Island Student Survey (N = 17 751). An administrative pause because of COVID-19 lockdowns allowed us to divide results into surveys completed before (January through March 2020; n = 13 259) and after (November 2020 through May 2021; n = 4492) the lockdown implementation. The study determined the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender/sexual orientation, middle/high school level, and city/town classification.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Education, Health, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, behavioural change, COVID-19 response, lockdown, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: United States

Journal article

Latent profiles of adolescents' relationships with parents and siblings: Associations with emotional and behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Yingying Tang; Yingmiao Shao; Ting He (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Current Psychology

The purpose of this study is to identify the latent profiles of Chinese adolescents’ family (parent–adolescent and sibling) relationships prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as associations between those profiles and adolescents’ emotional and behavioral responses. A total of 2,305 adolescents from China aged between 10 and 18 years completed measures of parent–adolescent relationships, sibling relationships, and emotional and behavioral responses during the pandemic.

Journal article

Cyberbullying in COVID-19 pandemic decreases? Research of internet habits of Croatian adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Lucija Vejmelka; Roberta Matkovic; Miroslav Rajter (et al.)

Published: December 2022 Journal: Information

: Online contacts and other activities on the Internet came into focus given the increased use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online environment is a setting for problematic Internet use, including cyberbullying, and research so far shows that inclusion in cyberbullying depends on the amount of screen time. Increases in screen time during the pandemic could affect the growth of the prevalence rates of children’s involvement in cyberbullying. The aim of this paper is to compare the Internet habits, cyberbullying and parental role in children’s online activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the use of the Internet increased due to online classes and implemented measures to prevent the spread of the infection. The Institute of Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County conducted a quantitative online survey of Internet habits and problematic Internet use in two waves in 2017 and 2020 with adolescents from 12–18 (N2017 = 536; N2020 = 284). Research included adherence to ethical standards of research with children. An online activity questionnaire for children, a questionnaire of parental behaviors and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire—ECIPQ were used.

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