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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

How the COVID-19 pandemic changed adolescents' use of technologies, sense of community, and loneliness: a retrospective perception analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Andrea Guazzini; Andrea Pesce; Fabiana Gino (et al.)

Published: July 2022 Journal: Behavioral Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought important changes to how we engage in relationships of any kind. To combat the spread of the virus, schools resorted to remote-learning, and teenagers had to rely on various technologies to meet many of the needs that they used to satisfy offline (e.g., social, informational, and recreational/leisure purposes). This article was written to investigate the changes that the students at an Italian high school went through in terms of use of technologies, loneliness, and sense of community, through a survey focusing on their retrospective perceptions. The study was carried out on 917 students. In general, we have found that the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly increased the perception of loneliness in teenagers (especially in female respondents), as well as their use of technologies for social, informational, and leisure purposes. However, maybe thanks to the opportunities provided by ICTs and remote learning, the sense of community in Italian teenagers was only marginally impacted.

Journal article

Differences in sexual health of Mexican gay and bisexual youth and adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Juan Carlos Mendoza-Pérez; Julio Vega-Cauich; Héctor Alexis López-Barrientos (et al.)

Published: July 2022 Journal: International Journal of Sexual Health

This study aims to compare and analyze the implications of COVID-19 on the sexual health of Mexican gay and bisexual young and adult men (GBM). It is an online survey with 1001 GBM participants. Information was collected on sexual desire, use of mobile applications, sexual practices during the pandemic, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from August to October 2020. Young participants were compared with adults.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, gender issues, lockdown, reproductive health, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: Mexico

Journal article

Mothers with justice‐involved sons: Socioeconomic impacts of COVID‐19 by neighborhood disorder in the United States

AUTHOR(S)
Alyssa LaBerge; Amanda Isabel Osuna; Caitlin Cavanagh (et al.)

Published: July 2022 Journal: Journal of Social Issues

Women, particularly mothers, have faced disparate socioeconomic consequences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has yet to examine whether the consequences of the pandemic vary based on the level of neighborhood disorder, which is associated with various health conditions, including COVID-19 complications. The present study utilizes data from a diverse sample of 221 women with justice-involved sons interviewed during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Negative binominal and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether perceived neighborhood social disorder is related to socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the relation varies for mothers with and without children in their home during the pandemic.

Journal article

COVID-19-induced social exclusion and quality of life among Chinese adolescents in the context of family education: the mediating role of perceived control

AUTHOR(S)
Wenjie Duan; Yansi Kong; Zheng Chen (et al.)

Published: July 2022 Journal: Educational Psychology

This study aims to provide insights into the relationship between COVID-19-induced social exclusion and quality of life among adolescents and further examines its underlying mechanism. A total of 2,354 (1,024 boys, Mage = 12.97 years, SD = 1.49) adolescents from Hubei Province, China, participated in this study. Zero-order correlations and structural equation modelling were performed to test the relationships. Results indicated that COVID-19-induced social exclusion was negatively linked with perceived control over COVID-19 threats and quality of life. Meanwhile, perceived control over COVID-19 threats was positively associated with quality of life and partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19-induced social exclusion and quality of life.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, social behaviour, social control, social distance | Countries: China

Journal article

The impact of screen time and mobile dependency on cognition, socialization and behaviour among early childhood students during the Covid pandemic- perception of the parents

AUTHOR(S)
Joseph Genimon Vadakkemulanjanal; Thomas M. Agnes; Elizabeth Sneha (et al.)

Published: June 2022 Journal: Digital Education

Digital technology systems are adopted rapidly throughout the globe for the virtual learning process especially with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Digital screen-based gadgets are integrated to provide a seamless interactive medium of learning even before the initiation of formal education. Studies on the technology use of younger children are critical as uncontrolled gadget use affects their developmental stages yet these studies are still in the infancy stage. This study analyses the psychoeducational impact of extended use of digital gadgets and mobile dependency on early childhood manifested through their cognition, socialization and behaviour. This descriptive study is based on the random responses of 511 parents about their young children of 3-6 years distributed at five civil districts of Kerala State.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 41 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, early childhood education, internet, lockdown, mental development, parents, remote learning, school attendance, social behaviour, social distance, teaching methods | Countries: India

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Changes in early childhood social behavior during the Covid 19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Zikra Zikra; Afdal Afdal; Indah Sukmawati (et al.)

Published: June 2022 Journal: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

Social behavior is voluntary behavior that benefits others including actions such as calming someone down, helping, and sharing. From an early age, social behavior skills need to be developed in early childhood as a foundation for the ability to interact with the wider environment. However, some changes in social behavior occurred in early childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted content analysis to assess changes in early childhood social behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. All articles found in sciencedirect (n = 13,743) and scholar (n = 165000) from 2020 to July 2021 were reviewed to identify conceptual and empirical changes that focus on changes in social behavior in early childhood. A total of 40 articles were identified and examined for themes.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: child development, child health, COVID-19 response, early childhood, lockdown, social behaviour, social distance

Research Report

It’s difficult to grow up in an apocalypse: children's and adolescents' experiences, perceptions and opinions on the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada

AUTHOR(S)
Heather L. Ramey; Heather L. Lawford; Yana Berardini (et al.)

Published: June 2022

According to children and youth in Canada, what were the negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their lives? How did they experience changes in their relationships; daily schedule; time at home; use of technology; or feelings of anger, worry, loneliness or gratitude? How were these experienced by marginalized groups, including LGBTQ+ and Indigenous children and youth? To date, research on Canadian children’s and youth’s experiences during the pandemic has lacked a broad exploration of their own perspectives. This qualitative study, however, was informed by three child and youth advisory teams, with input from 10 focus groups; 23 semi-structured interviews and a total of 74 young people (10–19), from four provinces and one territory.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 46 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, behavioural change, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: Canada | Publisher: *UNICEF

Journal article

"Will my young adult years be spent socially distancing?": a qualitative exploration of adolescents' experiences during the COVID-19 UK lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Ola Demkowicz; Emma Ashworth; Alisha O’Neill (et al.)

Published: June 2022 Journal: Journal of Adolescent Research

For older adolescents, the COVID-19 pandemic and UK restrictions arrived during a critical period in the transition to adulthood. Early research exploring impact of the pandemic paints a picture of worsened adolescent wellbeing and mental health. This study explores the subjective experiences of 16- to 19-year-olds during the first UK lockdown, with an emphasis on wellbeing and coping, to complement quantitative evidence and inform strategies and provision for support. In May 2020, UK-based 16- to 19-year-olds were invited to share written accounts of their experiences of the initial UK lockdown for The TELL Study. A total of 109 participants engaged, submitting anonymous written accounts via an online survey portal. We used inductive reflexive thematic analysis to develop rich experiential themes.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, behavioural change, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, psychological distress, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: United Kingdom

Journal article

Impacts of the psychological stress response on aggression in adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic in China

AUTHOR(S)
Zhen Wei; Yan Hu; Jiayi Xiao

Published: June 2022 Journal: Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has exerted a tremendous impact on the psyche of people around the world, especially adolescents. In order to provide a valuable theoretical basis for effective measures to prevent psychological problems in adolescents during public health emergencies in the future, this study examined the mediating effect of coping style (CS, including positive coping style (PCS) and negative coping style (NCS)) and the moderating effect of emotional management ability (EMA) on the relationship between the psychological stress response (PSR) and aggression (AGG) in adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The Buss–Warren Aggression Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Emotion Management Questionnaire were employed to investigate the mental health of Chinese adolescents from April 10–20 (Time point 1, T1) and May 20–30 (Time point 2, T2), 2020. A total of 1,931 adolescents (aged 10–25 years, M = 19.18 years, 51.4% male) were examined at T1 and 334 adolescents (aged 11–25 years, M = 19.97 years, 48.7% male) were reinvestigated at T2.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 12 | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, psychological distress, social behaviour, social distance

Journal article

Positive and negative risk-taking in adolescence and early adulthood: a citizen science study during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Lysanne W. te Brinke; Renske van der Cruijsen; Kayla H. Green (et al.)

Published: June 2022 Journal: Frontiers in Psychology

Sensation seeking is an important underlying factor of both positive and negative forms of risk-taking during adolescence and early adulthood. However, macro-factors such as the global COVID-19 pandemic may influence sensation seeking opportunities and risk-taking behaviors that are considered negative and positive. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between sensation seeking and behaviors that are considered positive or negative forms of risk-taking during the Covid-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents and early adults (N = 660, Mage = 22.91, SD = 3.14). Using citizen science methods, negative risk-taking was defined as taking unaccepted risks, such as falsifying vaccination reports or deliberately contracting COVID-19. Positive risk-taking was defined as taking socially accepted risks, such as balancing between the risk to infect elderly people and the need to socialize with peers. Results showed that participants with higher levels of sensation seeking took more positive and negative COVID-19 related risks. An additional finding was that sensation seeking was positively associated with the need to contribute to society. This indicates that during adolescence and early adulthood, sensation seeking may be a driving factor for both positive (i.e., socially accepted) and negative (i.e., socially unaccepted) risk-taking in the context of a high-stake global pandemic, arguing against a one-direction negative relation between sensation seeking and risk-taking.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 15 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, community participation, COVID-19 response, lockdown, social behaviour, social distance

Research Report

Are the kids alright? Key messages from the third round of the public health Scotland COVID-19 early years resilience and impact survey

Institution: Public Health Scotland
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 Early Years Resilience and Impact Survey (CEYRIS) is an anonymous, cross-sectional survey administered online. PHS developed the survey to address a gap in the evidence base about wider impacts of the pandemic on young children and their families in Scotland. To date, there have been three rounds of the survey completed. Round 1 in June/July 2020, Round 2 in November/December 2020 and Round 3 in September/October 2021.

Journal article

The role of the Big Two in socially responsible behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: Agency and communion in adolescents' personal norm and behavioral adherence to instituted measures

AUTHOR(S)
Selma Korlat; Julia Holzer; Julia Reiter (et al.)

Published: June 2022 Journal: Plos One

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus urged all members of the society to adopt COVID-responsible behavioral patterns and practice them in everyday life. Given the variability in its adoption, it is critical to understand psychological factors associated with socially responsible behavior during the pandemic. This might be even more important among adolescents, who are less endangered by the virus but contribute to its spread. This article focused on adolescent boys’ and girls’ agency and communion orientations to explain the level of importance they attribute to the instituted measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus (personal norm), as well as their behavioral adherence to those measures. In total, 12,552 adolescents (67.6% girls, Mage = 15.06, SDage = 2.44, age range 10–21) answered inventory assessing adolescents’ agentic and communal orientation (GRI-JUG) and items related to personal norm regarding the instituted measures and behavioral adherence to the measures.

Journal article

Re-imagining the religious beliefs and cultural practices of indigenous christian youth

AUTHOR(S)
Fides A. Del Castillo

Published: June 2022 Journal: Religions

This paper aims to understand better the religious beliefs and cultural practices of Cordilleran Christian youth in the Philippines. By zooming in on the notions of God and practices of select Cordilleran Christian youth, this study endeavors to make the voices of indigenous Christian youth heard. Using the framework of Laylayan theology, this study explores the perspectives of the indigenous Christian youth on God, traditional practices, and lived experience, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show the interconnectedness of faith and culture among select indigenous youth during this contemporary period. Their lived religious context informs society on the dialogue of life and experience.

Research brief

Changes in e-cigarette use among youth and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights into risk perceptions and reasons for changing use behavior

AUTHOR(S)
Morgane Bennett; Jessica Speer; Nathaniel Taylor (et al.)

Published: May 2022 Journal: Nicotine & Tobacco Research

This study assessed changes in e-cigarette use since the COVID-19 pandemic began and reasons for these changes among US youth and young adults. It combined data from two cross-sectional samples of youth and young adult (15–24 years) participants of a monthly surveillance study (data collected in April and June 2021). Analyses were restricted to past-year e-cigarette users who reported using e-cigarettes before the pandemic (n = 1762). Participants reported changes in e-cigarette use since the pandemic began, reasons for changing their behavior, and their perceptions around COVID-19 risk related to e-cigarette use. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed associations between demographics and COVID vaping risk perceptions and changes in e-cigarette use.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: adolescent health, adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, behavioural change, COVID-19 response, lockdown, social behaviour, social distance

Journal article

Daily prosocial actions during the COVID-19 pandemic contribute to giving behavior in adolescence.

AUTHOR(S)
Sophie W. Sweijen; Suzanne van de Groep; Kayla H. Green (et al.)

Published: May 2022 Journal: Scientific Reports volume

Prosocial actions are a building block for developing mature and caring social relations. However, the global pandemic may hamper adolescents’ prosocial actions. In this preregistered study, we examined the extent to which adolescents provided daily emotional support during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 10–25-year-old high school and university students participated at three timepoints (N = 888 at the first timepoint (May 2020); 494 at the second timepoint (Nov 2020) and 373 at the third timepoint (May 2021)). At the first and second timepoint, participants completed 2 weeks of daily diaries on providing emotional support. At all timepoints, participants performed Dictator Games to measure giving to peers, friends and COVID-19 targets (medical doctors, COVID-19 patients, individuals with a poor immune system). Across the three timepoints, adolescents gave more to COVID-19 targets than peers and friends, but giving to COVID-19 target was highest in the beginning of the pandemic (first timepoint relative to second and third timepoint).

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 15 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, behavioural change, COVID-19 response, gender analysis, lockdown, mental stress, psychological distress, social behaviour, social distance | Countries: Netherlands

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