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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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Journal article

Caregiver perspectives on schooling from home during the Spring 2020 COVID-19 closures

AUTHOR(S)
Amy M. Briesch; Robin S. Codding; Jessica A. Hoffman (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: School Psychology Review

The abrupt onset of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an unprecedented shift to remote schooling for students across the United States and required many caregivers to take a primary or secondary role as schoolteacher. The goal of this study was to better understand caregivers’ experiences of schooling from home during the spring 2020 COVID-19 closures. Roughly 1,000 caregivers, the majority of whom were White, highly educated mothers, responded to the survey, documenting their children’s daily remote learning experiences and providing insight into the frequency and perceived quality of specialized services and individualized support plans.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: child education, COVID-19 response, e-learning, lockdown, mental stress, parent-child relationship, parental guidance, psychological distress, remote learning, school attendance | Countries: United States

Journal article

Assessment of have problems and care burdens of mothers with handicapped children in COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Melike Yavaş Celik

Published: July 2021 Journal: Social Work in Public Health

In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the problems and care burden of mothers who have a handicapped child in the pandemic process. The population of the descriptive study consisted of the mothers of the children who came to the rehabilitation center (n = 230), and the sampling consisted of the mothers who wanted to participate in the study (n = 216). The research data were collected through social media and the data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency measurements, independent sample t test, Oneway anova, Kruskal wallis tests in the SPSS program. In the study, Burden Interview Scale (BIS) scores of the mothers who stated that the educational status of their child was adversely affected in the pandemic, stated that they were worried that there would be someone to take care of my child if I died, stated that the child’s health checks were interrupted, stated that they did not send their child to school due to the fear of COVID-19, and reported that they had a problem in reaching the health institution was determined were significantly higher than. Mothers with handicapped children stated that their children experienced difficulties in important situations such as health checks and educations during the pandemic period. In addition, it was found that the care burden of these mothers was higher. During the pandemic period, it is necessary to make and support new regulations in accordance with the disability of these special children with state policies as well as healthcare professionals.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: care of disabled children, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, parent-child relationship, psychological distress, social distance | Countries: Turkey

Journal article

Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: how positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities

AUTHOR(S)
Lea Waters; Kim Cameron; S. Katherine Nelson-Coffey (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: The Journal of Positive Psychology

Positive psychology approaches have been shown to play a vital role in protecting mental health in times of challenge and are, therefore, important to include when studying the psychological outcomes of COVID-19. While existing research has focused on individual psychological health, this paper focuses on collective wellbeing and collective posttraumatic growth, with the aim of more clearly identifying the positive experiences and potential for positive growth for key institutions in our society during the pandemic. A range of positive psychology interventions for families, schools, workplaces, and clinical psychology are presented. The paper then considers how three broad-reaching phenomena existing in our wider society (i.e., arts and culture, eco-connection, and wellbeing literacy) can be used to boost collective wellbeing. A positive systems approach to understand civilian responses to the pandemic together with an examination of the role that positive psychology can play in supporting marginalized groups are also discussed.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, psychological counselling, psychological distress, social distance

Journal article

Parental stress and home activities for young children during the stay-at-home quarantine time in China

AUTHOR(S)
Chenyi Zhang; Wei Qiu; Hongli Li (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Early Education and Development

Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations among the family pandemic experience, home activities during the stay-at-home quarantine, and level of parental stress. The results showed that, Chinese parents perceived only significantly higher stress related to children’s behavioral and emotional difficulties during the pandemic. Parents’ educational level and teacher remote support were significantly associated with the frequency of different home activities for young children. Although family direct exposure of COVID-19 was a critical risk factor predicting parent-perceived stress, parents’ education, family income, and teachers’ support were important protective factors for parents’ stress. Some learning-focused home activities showed an inverse association with parental stress.

Journal article

I’m not managing it; it’s managing me: a qualitative investigation of Australian parents’ and carers’ alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Megan Cook; Robyn Dwyer; Sandra Kuntsche (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

The coronavirus pandemic has brought significant changes to people’s lives. Research indicates parents and carers faced particular challenges and were one of the few groups reported in survey data to increase their alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Drawing on interviews with 30 Australian parents and carers of young children, and using a family practices approach, we explore how participants considered their alcohol practices as entangled with, or affected by, their family dynamics and their role as carers during the pandemic. Drinking practices during COVID-19 vary across the sample, with some participants increasing their consumption and others reducing it. Participants' accounts show how drinking was constructed as rewarding, pleasurable, and relaxing, while for others it was associated with guilt and heightened stress.

Journal article

Adaptation of cognitive behaviour therapy for autistic children during the pandemic: a mixed-methods program evaluation

AUTHOR(S)
Vivian Lee; Flora Roudbarani; Paula Tablon Modica (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Distancing requirements due to the pandemic have halted many in-person therapeutic programs, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), increasing the likelihood that autistic children with mental health problems will struggle without adequate access to evidence-based care. Policies meant to limit the spread of COVID have inadvertently exacerbated the difficulties experienced by autistic children and further exposed them to vulnerabilities that will impact their mental health. In response, interventions have been adapted for remote delivery. There is limited evidence of the acceptability, feasibility, and clinical utility for treating mental health challenges in autistic children through an online medium, within the context of a pandemic. The current study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to assess parents’ experience as they participated in an adapted manualized CBT program (Secret Agent Society: Operation Regulation, SAS:OR; Beaumont, 2013) with their autistic child.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental health services, mentally disabled children, social distance, teleworking

Journal article

The impact of COVID-19 on adolescent psychiatric inpatient admissions

AUTHOR(S)
Leah Reece; Deanna P. Sams

Published: July 2021 Journal: Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry

COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of individuals and families across the globe. For many, the impacts of this global pandemic have been insurmountable and have resulted in significant stressors. Although medical advances have allowed individuals to slowly begin to restore their sense of normalcy, COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented mental health impacts for many, especially children and adolescents. The present study examines whether stressors related to COVID-19 and whether subsequent quarantine/isolation were possible contributors to psychiatric crises that led to adolescent psychiatric inpatient admissions.

Journal article

Resilience and parental burnout among Finnish parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: variable and person-oriented approaches

AUTHOR(S)
Matilda Sorkkila; Kaisa Aunola

Published: July 2021 Journal: The Family Journal

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, different personality characteristics may have influenced parental well-being in different ways. The present study combined variable and person-oriented approaches and examined relationships between resilience, parental burnout, and perfectionism during the lockdown. It first used structural equation modeling to assess the paths between variables. It also used latent profile analysis to examine different profiles of parents based on resilience, perfectionism, and symptoms of parental burnout. Finally, this study examined how these profiles differ in terms of relevant background variables.

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Impacts of the COVID-19 control measures on widening educational inequalities

AUTHOR(S)
Merike Darmody; Emer Smyth; Helen Russell

Published: July 2021 Journal: Young

COVID-19 has resulted in a global public health crisis. Measures adopted by governments across the world to reduce transmission have resulted in the closure of educational institutions and workplaces and reduced social interaction. The aim of the article is to reflect on the consequences of the COVID-19 global pandemic for the lives of young people from different social groups, with a special focus on education. It is a desk-based review of empirical research that has emerged in the wake of COVID-19 that has explored the impact of the control measures adopted, resulting in ‘learning loss’ and the widening of the ‘learning gap’ among students. The review shows that rather than utilizing the current situation to tackle pre-existing social inequalities in education, current debates often narrowly focus on immediate rather than long-term measures. The article calls for a broader research agenda on the short- and long-term compensatory measures needed to re-engage students, especially those from more disadvantaged backgrounds.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health, Social Protection, Well-being and Equity | Tags: adolescent psychology, child mental health, COVID-19 response, lockdown, psychological distress, school attendance, social distance, social inequality

Journal article

Homeward bound: Exploring the motives of mothers who brought their offspring with intellectual disabilities home from residential settings during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Frances R. Vereijken; Sanne A. H. Giesbers; Andrew Jahoda (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: JARID

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, some parents in the Netherlands decided to bring their offspring with intellectual disabilities, who normally live in residential care, home. The present study explored why the mothers decided to bring their offspring home. Interviews were carried out with seven mothers of adults with intellectual disabilities. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to establish in-depth accounts of the mothers' experiences.

Journal article

Divorced and separated parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Abbie E. Goldberg; Katherine R. Allen; JuliAnna Z. Smith

Published: July 2021 Journal: Family Process

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant stress for individuals, couples, and families. Divorced and separated couples with children face unique stresses amid the pandemic. This mixed-methods study explored these challenges among 296 divorced and separated parents: namely 204 women formerly partnered with men, 34 men formerly partnered with women, and 58 women formerly partnered with women, who were surveyed during Summer/Fall of 2020. Participants described legal, financial, and coparenting challenges. Those who were not yet divorced described difficulties filing for or finalizing their divorce because of court closures and lack of responsiveness from legal professionals. Those who were already divorced also faced legal challenges, such as being unable to obtain a court date to modify custody arrangements. Financial challenges included renegotiating financial support obligations in the context of job loss.

Cite this research | No. of pages: 22 | Language: English | Topics: Social Protection, Well-being and Equity, Mental Health | Tags: child mental health, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, parent-child relationship, parents, social distance

Journal article

Psychiatric problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in children with autism spectrum disorder

AUTHOR(S)
Roma A. Vasa; Vini Singh; Calliope Holingue (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Autism Research

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk for psychiatric problems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This risk is due to their high rates of pre-pandemic psychiatric comorbidities and the pandemic's disruption to routines and access to necessary supports. Prior research has indicated that children with ASD may experience a worsening of specific psychiatric symptoms in response to COVID-19, though this body of work is limited in scope. The present study expands this literature by examining specific types of psychiatric problems that emerged about 2 months after the onset of the pandemic, and risk factors predicting changes in these psychiatric symptoms. Parents of children with a confirmed ASD diagnosis (N = 257), who enrolled in a clinic registry at an outpatient specialty autism center, were included in this study. All data were gathered online via customized and standardized questionnaires.

Journal article

School bullying before and during COVID-19: results from a population-based randomized design

AUTHOR(S)
Tracy Vaillancourt; Heather Brittain; Amanda Krygsman (et al.)

Published: July 2021 Journal: Aggressive Behavior

This reesearch examined the impact of COVID-19 on bullying prevalence rates in a sample of 6578 Canadian students in Grades 4 to 12. To account for school changes associated with the pandemic, students were randomized at the school level into two conditions: (1) the pre-COVID-19 condition, assessing bullying prevalence rates retrospectively before the pandemic, and (2) the current condition, assessing rates during the pandemic.

Cite this research | Open access | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, behavioural change, child mental health, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental stress, psychological distress, school attendance, social distance | Countries: Canada

Journal article

Students attending school remotely suffer socially, emotionally, and academically

AUTHOR(S)
Angela L. Duckworth; Tim Kautz; Amy Defnet

Published: July 2021 Journal: Educational Researcher

What is the social, emotional, and academic impact of attending school remotely rather than in person? We address this issue using survey data collected from N = 6,576 high school students in a large, diverse school district that allowed families to choose either format in fall 2020. Controlling for baseline measures of well-being collected 1 month before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as demographics, high school students who attended school remotely reported lower levels of social, emotional, and academic well-being (effect size [ES] = 0.10, 0.08, and 0.07 standard deviations, respectively) than classmates who attended school in person—differences that were consistent across gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status subgroups but significantly wider among 10th–12th graders than ninth graders.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 4 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent psychology, adolescent well-being, child education, COVID-19 response, educational policy, lockdown, mental stress, psychological distress, remote learning, school attendance | Countries: United States

Journal article

The relationship between postpartum depression and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Shuhei Terada; Kentaro Kinjo; Yoshiharu Fukuda

Published: July 2021 Journal: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

This study aims to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with social support adjusted for self-perceived impact of COVID-19 in parturient women admitted to a perinatal medical center in Japan. This cross-sectional study included 513 women who underwent a 1-month postpartum checkup between August 3 and November 27, 2020. Postpartum depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the score was dichotomized using the Youden index. Nineteen demographic and obstetric characteristics were also assessed.

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