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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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5221 - 5235 of 6640
Child-rearing during postgraduate medical training and its relation to stress and burnout: results from a single-institution multispecialty survey

AUTHOR(S)
Marguerite W. Spruce; Alicia A. Gingrich; Amanda Phares (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Military Medicine
Child-rearing is difficult for medical trainees during the Covid-19 era, but much of the available evidence is limited to individual specialties or lacks an analysis of well-being. In light of this, this study sought to examine current perspectives across a wide range of medical specialties, determine associations with stress and burnout, and identify potential supportive solutions. After Institutional Review Board approval, a voluntary and anonymous survey was sent to all residents and fellows at a large academic medical center with a U.S. Air Force joint training agreement in 2019. Frequency tables were generated for survey responses, using χ 2 test for analysis between groups.
Widening the gap? Unintended consequences of health promotion measures for young people during COVID-19 lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Stephanie A. Alexander; Martine Shareck

Published: February 2021   Journal: Health Promotion International
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, global measures preventing the spread of the new coronavirus required most of the population to lockdown at home. This sudden halt to collective life meant that non-essential services were closed and many health promoting activities (i.e. physical activity, school) were stopped in their tracks. To curb the negative health impacts of lockdown measures, activities adapting to this new reality were urgently developed. One form of activity promoted indoor physical activity to prevent the adverse physical and psychological effects of the lockdown. Another form of activity included the rapid development of online learning tools to keep children and youth engaged academically while not attending school. While these health promoting efforts were meant to benefit the general population, this paper argues that these interventions may have unintended consequences and inadvertently increase health inequalities affecting marginalized youth in particular, as they may not reap the same benefits, both social and physical, from the interventions promoting athome physical activities or distance learning measures. This study elaborates on several interventions and their possible unintended consequences for marginalized youth and suggests several strategies that may mitigate their impact.
Prospective examination of adolescent sleep patterns and behaviors before and during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Stephen P. Becker; Melissa R. Dvorsky; Rosanna Breaux (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Sleep
This study aimed to prospectively examine changes in adolescent sleep before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with and without ADHD. Participants were 122 adolescents (ages 15-17; 61% male; 48% with ADHD). Parents reported on adolescents‘ sleep duration and difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS); adolescents reported on sleep patterns, sleep duration, delayed sleep/wake behaviors, and daytime sleepiness before (September 2019-February 2020) and during (May-June 2020) COVID-19. Adolescents also reported on their health behaviors, COVID-19-related negative affect, and difficulties concentrating due to COVID-19.
‘Private family arrangements’ for children in Ireland: the informal grey space in-between state care and the family home

AUTHOR(S)
Kenneth Burns; Conor O’Mahony; Rebekah Brennan

Published: February 2021   Journal: The British Journal of Social Work
The literature on alternative care focuses overwhelmingly on formal, court-ordered placements; voluntary care placements are discussed less frequently. Least attention of all has been given to informal kinship care placements, where a child is cared for by relatives but is not formally in the legal care of state authorities. In Ireland, these placements, when facilitated by state authorities in lieu of a care order or voluntary care agreement, are known by professionals as ‘private family arrangements’. This article explores evidence which shows that the use of such arrangements is motivated partly by a concern for subsidiarity, and partly by necessity: they provide a source of placements in cases where regulatory requirements and a lack of resources would otherwise make the placement challenging or impossible.
Difference in SARS-CoV-2 attack rate between children and adults may reflect bias

AUTHOR(S)
Zoë Hyde

Published: February 2021   Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases
The epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children has been challenging to establish, owing to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection in this population. Lower secondary attack rates in children compared to adults have been observed in household contact studies, but there is evidence this may reflect lower testing in children and reduced exposure, rather than a genuine difference in biological susceptibility. Additionally, children may shed infectious virus for a shorter period than adults and their antibody response may be less broad, with implications for both polymerase chain reaction and serological testing. Improvements in study design, data collection, and data interpretation are required to better understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 in children.
Mostly worse, occasionally better: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Canadian children and adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Katherine Tombeau Cost; Jennifer Crosbie; Evdokia Anagnostou (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
This large cross-sectional study examined the impact of COVID-19 emergency measures on child/adolescent mental health for children/adolescents with and without pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses. Using adapted measures from the CRISIS questionnaire, parents of children aged 6–18 (N=1013; 56% male; 62% pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis) and self-reporting children/adolescents aged 10–18 (N=385) indicated changes in mental health across six domains: depression, anxiety, irritability, attention, hyperactivity, and obsessions/compulsions.
Clinical profile, hospital course and outcome of children with COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Karthi Nallasamy; Suresh Kumar Angurana; Muralidharan Jayashree (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: The Indian Journal of Pediatrics

This paper aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized children with COVID-19 during the initial phase of the pandemic. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the dedicated COVID-19 hospital of a tertiary care referral center in North India. Consecutive children aged 14 y or younger who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab between 1 April 2020 and 15 July 2020 were included.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 6 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, hospitalization | Countries: India
Differences in immune responses between children and adults with COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Yin Yuan; Qiu-peng Wang; Dan Sun (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Current Medical Science
Over 85 590 000 individuals have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although there have been an increasing number of reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unclear why infected children show milder symptoms than adults. A retrospective case study was performed at two designated hospitals for COVID-19. Patients (56 children and 63 adults) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild pneumonia were randomly enrolled in this study. The median age of the children was 7.0 years, and 51.79% of them were boys. The median age of the adults was 57 years, and 47.62% were men. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, sputum and diarrhoea. There were no significant differences in symptoms between children and adult patients.
Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 58-61 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, immunization, infectious disease, respiratory diseases | Countries: China
Fever without source as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old

AUTHOR(S)
Daniel Blázquez-Gamero; Cristina Epalza; José Antonio Alonso Cadenas (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: European Journal of Pediatrics
Fever without source (FWS) in infants is a frequent cause of consultation at the emergency department, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 could affect the approach to those infants. The aim of this study is to define the clinical characteristics and rates of bacterial coinfections of infants < 90 days with FWS as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a cross-sectional study of infants under 90 days of age with FWS and positive SARS-CoV2 PCR in nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate, attended at the emergency departments of 49 Spanish hospitals (EPICO-AEP cohort) from March 1 to June 26, 2020.
Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, early childhood, emergency aid, hospitalization | Countries: Spain
Relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers: a prospective follow-up study from pre-COVID-19 Japan

AUTHOR(S)
Miyako Kimura; Kazuki Kimura; Toshiyuki Ojima

Published: February 2021   Journal: BMJ Open
Mothers with young children are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of the lifestyle changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the association between such changes and maternal mental health has not been examined, and comparable pre-COVID-19 baseline data were lacking. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers in Japan.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 11 | Issue: 2 | No. of pages: 9 | Language: English | Topics: Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, maternal and child health, mental health, mental stress, psychological distress | Countries: Japan
Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
Min Du; Jie Yang; Na Han (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: BMJ Open

The secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study conduced retrospective analyses on two cohorts comprising 7699 pregnant women in Beijing, China, and compared pregnancy outcomes between the pre-COVID-2019 cohort (women who delivered from 20 May 2019 to 30 November 2019) and the COVID-2019 cohort (women who delivered from 20 January 2020 to 31 July 2020). The secondary impacts of the COVID-2019 pandemic on pregnancy outcomes were assessed by using multivariate log-binomial regression models, and interrupted time-series (ITS) regression analysis was used to further control the effects of time-trends.

Cite this research | Vol.: 11 | Issue: 2 | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19, maternal and child health, pregnancy | Countries: China
Psycho-emotional adjustment in parents of adolescents: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the impact of the COVID pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Selene Valero-Moreno; Laura Lacomba-Trejo; Alicia Tamarit (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Adolescence is a time of change and it generally entails a greater family vulnerability thus; the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for poor emotional adjustment to COVID among parents of adolescents. 94 parents of adolescents (11–18 years old, M = 13.90, SD = 1.85) participated at different times during the state of alert in Spain. 91.5% were mothers. Their ages ranged from 35 to 63 years (M = 46.54; SD = 5.09). The variables assessed were anxiety, depression and stress (DASS), moods (MOOD), somatization (SCL) and resilience (CD-RISC). Descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVAs, correlations, and hierarchical regressions were performed.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in US children

AUTHOR(S)
Kirsten Tulchin-Francis; Wilshaw Stevens; Xiangli Gu (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Journal of Sport and Health Science
Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) is vital to the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included the closure of schools and PA amenities across the US. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of US children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their PA. A cross-sectional, online, parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 3-18 years between April and June 2020 to assess light and moderate-to-vigorous PA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Questionnaire. Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics, child adaptability to the pandemic, and community access.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with psoriasis

AUTHOR(S)
Q. Beytout; J. Pepiot; A. Maruani (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie

Children with psoriasis may have been directly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and their illness may also have affected their ability to follow preventive measures. To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with psoriasis.

Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 6 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, disease control
Saliva for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in school-aged children

AUTHOR(S)
Hanan Al Suwaidi; Abiola Senok; Rupa Varghese (et al.)

Published: February 2021   Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
The high diagnostic accuracy indices for saliva SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reported in adults has not been demonstrated in children and adequately powered studies focused on the paediatric population are lacking. This study was carried out to determine the diagnostic accuracy of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in ambulatory children. From 1st-23rd October 2020, we recruited a population-based sample of children presenting for COVID-19 screening in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Each child provided paired nasopharyngeal (NP) swab and saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR N, E and RdRp genes detection.
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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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Each quarterly thematic digest features the latest evidence drawn from the Children and COVID-19 Research Library on a particular topic of interest.
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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.