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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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16 - 30 of 864
The mental health of Asian American adolescents and young adults amid the rise of anti-Asian racism

AUTHOR(S)
James Huynh; Jessie Chien; Amy T. Nguyen (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

This study describes the perceptions and experiences of anti-Asian racism and violence and depression severity prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of Asian American (AA) adolescents and young adults. It used data from the Young Asian American Health Survey (YAAHS), an online-recruited sample of AA adolescents (ages 13–17) and young adults (ages 18–29 years) conducted during May 2021 to March 2022. It presented descriptive statistics examining the univariate distribution and bivariate relationships of depression severity, sociodemographic characteristics, and experiences and perceptions of anti-Asian violence.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents: an opportunity to build resilient systems

AUTHOR(S)
Erum Nadeem; Anna R. Van Meter

Published: January 2023   Journal: American Journal of Health Promotion
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents is significant. Educational progress and mental health, in particular, have been negatively affected. Among youth from vulnerable communities, pre-existing academic and health disparities have been exacerbated. Youth outcomes are often attributed to individual resilience – or lack thereof; this paper describes how failure to adapt and effectively cope at the system level (ie, lack of system resilience) is implicated in the current dual educational and mental crisis. It describes opportunities to make our systems more nimble and better-equipped to support youth moving forward.
Re-imagining early childhood education and school readiness for children and families of color in the time of COVID-19 and beyond

AUTHOR(S)
Bonnie D. Kerker; Natalia M. Rojas; Spring Dawson-McClure (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: American Journal of Health Promotion
High quality and culturally responsive early childhood education and care (ECEC) for young children before kindergarten is seen as a way to ensure that all children enter school ready to learn. ECEC is even more crucial in the context of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the disproportionate burden of trauma and stress borne by families of color in disinvested neighborhoods. Remote learning and repeated disruptions to in-person instruction as protocols shifted during waves of the pandemic placed an extra strain on families, and may have increased educational disparities in the U.S. Taken together, these challenges have implications for children’s school readiness due to their impact on opportunities for learning at home and in the classroom. This paper explores how ECEC programs can be strengthened to better meet children’s needs, and ways in which future research can shed light on these important issues.
The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for maternal mental health and early childhood development

AUTHOR(S)
Bonnie D. Kerker; Erica Willheim; J. Rebecca Weis (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: American Journal of Health Promotion
Women are particularly susceptible to mental health challenges during the perinatal period. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, much concern was raised about the impact that the associated isolation, uncertainty, grief, loss and economic upheaval would have on mental health. Women experienced a disproportionate amount of environmental strain during this time, including economic stress and challenges associated with being essential workers; stressors were perhaps most prevalent in communities of color and immigrant groups. For women who were pregnant during the height of the pandemic, it is clear that stress, anxiety, and depression were increased due to changes in medical care and decreases in social support. Increased mental health challenges in the perinatal period have been shown to impact social-emotional, cognitive and behavioral health in infants and children, so the potential consequences of the COVID-19 era are great. This paper discusses these potential impacts and describes important pathways for future research.
Inclusive education for exceptional children in Egypt and the US: reforming Egyptian inclusive education system in post-pandemic world

AUTHOR(S)
Noha Abbas

Published: January 2023   Journal: Gulf Education and Social Policy Review
Inclusive education means that exceptional children (EC) can fully participate in the learning process alongside their typically developing peers, supported by reasonable accommodations and teaching strategies that are tailored to meet their individual needs. The main goal of inclusion policies for EC is to provide high-quality education for all without discrimination and to ensure the implementation of equal opportunity principles. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the reality of inclusive education systems in Egypt and the United States (US) and to develop a better understanding of similarities and differences and thus identify the lessons learned. The study applied a comparative analysis method.
Perspectives on dental health and oral hygiene practice from US adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Long Zhang; Marika Waselewski; Jack Nawrocki (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Plos One

Adolescence is a critical time for adopting health behaviors which continue through adulthood. There is a lack of data regarding perspectives of US adolescents and young adults on their dental health and oral hygiene practice. Adolescents and young adults, age 14–24, from MyVoice, a nationwide text message poll of youth. were asked five open-ended questions on the importance of dental health and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis. Chi-square test was used to examine differences in experiences by demographics.

Impact of prenatal COVID-19 vaccination on delivery and neonatal outcomes: results from a New York City cohort

AUTHOR(S)
Erona Ibroci; Xiaoqin Liu; Whitney Lieb (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Vaccine
Research suggest prenatal vaccination against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is safe. However, previous studies utilized retrospectively collected data or examined late pregnancy vaccinations. This study investigated the associations of COVID-19 vaccination throughout pregnancy with delivery and neonatal outcomes. It included 1,794 mother-neonate dyads enrolled in the Generation C Study with known prenatal COVID-19 vaccination status and complete covariate and outcome data. It used multivariable quantile regressions to estimate the effect of prenatal COVID-19 vaccination on birthweight, delivery gestational age, and blood loss at delivery; and Poisson generalized linear models for Caesarean delivery (CD) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission.
A win-win for all of us: COVID-19 sheds light on the essentialness of child care as key infrastructure

AUTHOR(S)
Owusua Yamoah; Sarah Balser; Callie Ogland-Hand (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Early Childhood Research Quarterly
Child care centers in the United States allow many parents and caregivers to work in and outside of the home and support the growth and development of children. Child care closures and COVID-19 mitigation measures at the onset of the pandemic heightened the need for and awareness of the role of child care as core infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived role and benefits of child care based on the lived experiences of parents/caregivers and staff navigating child care during the pandemic. It conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with parents/caregivers (n = 20) of children who attended child care and staff (n = 12) who were working at child care programs in Ohio from September to November 2020. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed through the lens of four frameworks (i.e., capabilities, developmental, economics, and mutualism) related to child well-being.
Parental decision-making on summer program enrollment: a mixed methods Covid-19 impact study

AUTHOR(S)
Roddrick Dugger; Layton Reesor-Oyer; Michael W. Beets (et al.)

Published: January 2023   Journal: Evaluation and Program Planning

The closure of childcare organizations (e.g. schools, childcare centers, afterschool programs, summer camps) during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the health and wellbeing of families. Despite their reopening, parents may be reluctant to enroll their children in summer programming. Knowledge of the beliefs that underlie parental concerns will inform best practices for organizations that serve children. Parents (n = 17) participated in qualitative interviews (October 2020) to discuss Covid-19 risk perceptions and summer program enrollment intentions. Based on interview responses to perceived Covid-19 risk, two groups emerged for analysis- “Elevated Risk (ER)” and “Conditional Risk (CR)”. Themes were identified utilizing independent coding and constant-comparison analysis. Follow-up interviews (n = 12) in the Spring of 2021 evaluated the impact of vaccine availability on parent risk perceptions. Additionally, parents (n = 17) completed the Covid-19 Impact survey to assess perceived exposure (Range: 0–25) and household impact (Range: 2–60) of the pandemic. Scores were summed and averaged for the sample and by risk classification group.

Factors associated with intention to vaccinate children 0-11 years of age against COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Melissa S. Stockwell; Christina A. Porucznik; Ashton Dixon (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

Millions of children have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and over 1000 children have died in the US. However, vaccination rates for children 5 to 11 years old are low. Starting in August 2020, we conducted a prospective SARS-CoV-2 household surveillance study in Spanish and English-speaking households in New York City and Utah. From October 21 to 25, 2021, we asked caregivers about their likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccine for their child, and reasons that they might or might not vaccinate that child. We compared intent to vaccinate by site, demographic characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by study surveillance, and parents’ COVID-19 vaccination status using Chi-square tests and a multivariable logistic regression model, accounting for within-household clustering.

Lower daily steps among U.S. adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: objective findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development study

AUTHOR(S)
Jason M. Nagata; Jiayue Yu; Erin E. Dooley (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Preventive Medicine Reports
While the psychological and physical benefits of physical activity are well established, less than one quarter of US adolescents meet the physical activity guidelines recommended by the US Department of Health and Human Services (60 min per day, seven days per week) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018). Furthermore, recent studies suggest that with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of adolescents meeting these guidelines fell to 9 % based on self-report (Nagata et al., 2022a). However, report-based physical activity measures are prone to measurement error (e.g., incomplete quantification) and information biases (e.g., recall). Objective measures such as step counts provide a continuous indicator of activity over multiple days. One worldwide study suggested a decrease in daily step count in adults early in the pandemic (Tison et al., 2020), but there is a paucity of objective data in US adolescents. The aim of this study was to quantify differences in step count before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among a demographically diverse national sample of adolescents.
Family resilience during the COVID-19 onset: A daily-diary inquiry into parental employment status, parent–adolescent relationships, and well-being

AUTHOR(S)
Ming-Te Wang; Juan Del Toro; Daphne A. Henry (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Development and Psychopathology
COVID-19 changed the landscape of employment and financial security in the USA, contributing to multi-systemic disruptions in family life. Using dyadic, daily-diary parent–adolescent data from a nationwide American sample (18,415 daily assessments; 29 days: 4/8/2020–4/21/2020 and 5/18/2020–6/1/2020; N = 635 parent–adolescent dyads), this intensive longitudinal study investigated how COVID-19-related job loss and working-from-home (WFH) arrangements influenced parents’ and children’s daily affect indirectly through family functioning (i.e., parent–adolescent conflict, inter-adult conflict, and parental warmth) and whether these links varied by family socioeconomic status (SES). Parental employment status was linked to these family relational dynamics, which were then connected to parents’ and adolescents’ daily affect.
Parents' work arrangements and gendered time use during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Thomas Lyttelton; Emma Zang; Kelly Musick

Published: December 2022   Journal: Journal of Marriage and Family

This study uses time diaries to examine how parents' work arrangements shaped their time use at home and work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic transformed home and work life for parents, disrupting employment and childcare. The shift to work from home offered more flexibility to manage increased care burdens, but the lack of separation between work and family also likely contributed to more challenging work environments, especially among mothers. This study relies on the 2017–2020 American Time Use Survey and matching to estimate changes in time use among parents working from home and on site in the pandemic relative to comparable parents prior to the pandemic.

Preventative practices and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of children with pediatric pulmonary hypertension

AUTHOR(S)
Erik J. Nelson; Ella Cook; Megan Pierce (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: BMC Public Health

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and life-threatening disease characterized by elevated mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. COVID-19 may exacerbate PH, as evidenced by higher mortality rates among those with PH. The objective of this study was to understand the unique burdens that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed upon families of children living with PH. Participants were recruited online through the “Families of children with pulmonary hypertension” Facebook group and asked to complete a survey about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessment of parent–teacher relationships in early childhood education programs during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Grace Keengwe; Ariri Onchwari

Published: December 2022   Journal: Early Childhood Education Journal
Relationships between families and schools are important in the educational experiences of young children. However, the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019 and spread rapidly around the world disrupted many families, teachers, early childhood programs, and other child-support institutions. There is much to be learned on how this pandemic specifically affected parent–teacher relationships. This study examined whether parent, teacher and other program characteristics had an impact on early childhood parents’ ratings of the quality of their relationships with teachers.
16 - 30 of 864

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Each quarterly thematic digest features the latest evidence drawn from the Children and COVID-19 Research Library on a particular topic of interest.
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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.