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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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The dual role of nurses as mothers during the pandemic period: qualitative study

AUTHOR(S)
Melike Yavaş Celik

Published: April 2021   Journal: Early Child Development and Care

This study aims to determine the changing routines of nurses in maternal role due to Covid-19 outbreak. This is qualitative interview research and is based on the descriptions of the interviews with the participants. Interviews were recorded on the phone with nurses. It was semi-structured and used a snowball sample, and in-depth interviews were made. Three themes were determined in this research. The themes are 1. Imperatives of the Covid-19 pandemic, 2. Theme: Concerns about infecting their children with Covid-19, 3. Theme: Impaired communication with children. Also, nurses express difficulty about child care, communication with children and concerns about infecting their children. Nurses and their children have been adversely affected by this process and have a feeling of inadequate parental roles.

Stress, anxiety and depression in 1466 pregnant women during and before the COVID-19 pandemic: a Dutch cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
S. J. M. Zilver; B. F. P. Broekman; Y. M. G. A. Hendrix (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected many people’s mental health with increased symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population. Anxiety and depression can have negative effects on pregnant women and result in poor. Cohort study of pregnant women during COVID-19 compared to pregnant women before COVID-19.

Virtual kindergarten readiness programming for preschool-aged children: feasibility, social validity, and preliminary impacts

AUTHOR(S)
Rebecca Dore; Laura Justice; Abigail K. Mills (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Early Education and Development
The global COVID-19 pandemic prevented the implementation of in-person summer learning programs designed to improve school readiness for entering kindergartners. Thus, we conducted the current study examining the feasibility, social validity, and preliminary impacts of a virtual summer learning program. Ninety-one preschoolers and their caregivers participated in a 4-week program involving one weekly teacher-caregiver meeting, two weekly Watch Together home learning activities, two weekly Play Together home learning activities, one or two weekly Read Together home learning activities, and one or two weekly teacher-child video chat lessons. Recruitment and participation indicated high levels of interest.
Parents’ willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and their children in the United States

AUTHOR(S)
Serkan Catma; Diana Reindl

Published: April 2021   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Differences in obtaining a vaccine vary based on a multitude of factors including perceptions of vaccine safety, efficacy and willingness to pay (WTP). This study focuses on parent perceptions toward a vaccine for COVID-19 including their WTP decisions for their children and themselves. A mixed methods design using a cross-sectional survey was used to assess the perceptions of US parents, with children under 18, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was administered online in November 2020 and 584 final responses were collected.
Children’s changing behaviours and routines, challenges and opportunities for parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Iskender Gelir; Nurullah Duzen

Published: April 2021   Journal: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education
This study examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and preschool children from parents’ perspectives. We used an open-ended online questionnaire to reach parents (81: 60 mothers and 21 fathers). The questionnaire includes questions about gender, age, occupation and educational level, and questions about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ecological model is used as the theoretical construct to examine interactions between children and parents at home. Three main categories are identified: changing behaviours and routines, challenges and difficulties, and opportunities for parenting. The participants report that children’s 11 social and emotional behaviours change during the pandemic in general and the lockdown.
Adolescents with somatic symptom disorder experienced less anxiety and depression than healthy peers during the first COVID‐19 lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Laura De Nardi; Giuseppe Abbracciavento; Giorgio Cozzi (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Acta Paediatrica

Adolescents with mental health disorders are a high‐risk population, and problems during COVID‐19 lockdowns have included increasing, widespread anxiety, fear, anger and uncertainty. Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterised by disproportionate thoughts, feelings and behaviours about physical symptoms associated with the distress and disruption of everyday functioning. SSD accounts for 15%–25% of adolescent mental health cases in primary care paediatric settings, and 8.6% of non‐traumatic adolescent pain in emergency departments. This cross‐sectional observational study evaluated how the Italian COVID‐19 lockdown, from 9 March to 4 May 2020, affected Italian adolescents aged 13–18 with and without SSD.

COVID‐19 in pregnancy – characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital because of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the Nordic countries

AUTHOR(S)
Hilde Engjom; Anna J. M. Aabakke; Kari Klungsøyr (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica Skip slideshow

Population‐based studies about the consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19) in pregnancy are few and have limited generalizability to the Nordic population and healthcare systems. This study examines pregnant women with COVID‐19 in the five Nordic countries. Pregnant women were included if they were admitted to hospital between 1 March and 30 June 2020 and had a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR test ≤14 days prior to admission. Cause of admission was classified as obstetric or COVID‐19‐related.

Effects of the COVID‐19 lockdown on sleep duration in children and adolescents: A survey across different continents

AUTHOR(S)
Athanasios G. Kaditis; Adrienne Ohler; Alex Gileles‐Hillel (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Pediatric Pulmonology

A parent survey was conducted to assess the sleep habits of children residing in various countries before and during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. It was hypothesized that lockdown would be associated with increased sleep duration. Outcomes were changes in bedtime, wake time, and sleep duration in the pandemic compared to before. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the effects of age and covariates on outcomes.

The psychosocial impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic
Published: April 2021   Journal: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic endocrine disorder of childhood. It can exert a large psychosocial impact on children and their families, as the treatment is often complex requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The significance of the psychosocial impact can become more pronounced during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether the COVID‐19 pandemic might impact the psychosocial impact of T1DM and glycaemic control.

How did the mental health symptoms of children and adolescents change over early lockdown during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK?

AUTHOR(S)
Polly Waite; Samantha Pearcey; Adrienne Shum (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: JCPP Avances
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused extensive disruption to the lives of children and young people. Understanding the psychological effects on children and young people, in the context of known risk factors is crucial to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. This study set out to explore how mental health symptoms in children and adolescents changed over a month of full lockdown in the United Kingdom in response to the pandemic.
The impact of COVID‐19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents

AUTHOR(S)
Blythe A. Corbett; Rachael A. Muscatello; Mark E. Klemencic (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Autism Research
In the wake of COVID‐19, the world has become a more uncertain environment—a breeding ground for stress and anxiety, especially for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study examined stress, anxiety, and coping in a data‐driven, real‐time assessment of 122 youth with and without ASD and their parents at the height of the COVID‐19 shutdown and three‐months later. Standardized measures were administered to ascertain stress and coping explicitly related to the pandemic (RSQ COVID‐19‐Child [self‐report], Adult [self‐report from the guardian of youth], Parent [report about child]) and anxiety (STAI‐C, STAI‐A).
SARS pandemic exposure impaired early childhood development in China

AUTHOR(S)
Yunfei Fan; Huiyu Wang; Qiong Wu (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Scientific Reports
Social and mental stressors associated with the pandemic of a novel infectious disease, e.g., COVID-19 or SARS may promote long-term effects on child development. However, reports aimed at identifying the relationship between pandemics and child health are limited. A retrospective study was conducted to associate the SARS pandemic in 2003 with development milestones or physical examinations among longitudinal measurements of 14,647 children. Experiencing SARS during childhood was associated with delayed milestones, with hazard ratios of 3.17 (95% confidence intervals CI: 2.71, 3.70), 3.98 (3.50, 4.53), 4.96 (4.48, 5.49), or 5.57 (5.00, 6.20) for walking independently, saying a complete sentence, counting 0–10, and undressing him/herself for urination, respectively. These results suggest relevant impacts from COVID-19 on child development should be investigated.
Modelling the potential impact of mask use in schools and society on COVID-19 control in the UK

AUTHOR(S)
J. Panovska-Griffiths; C. C. Kerr; W. Waites (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Scientific Reports
As the UK reopened after the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, crucial questions emerged around the role for ongoing interventions, including test-trace-isolate (TTI) strategies and mandatory masks. This study assessed the importance of masks in secondary schools by evaluating their impact over September 1–October 23, 2020. It showed that, assuming TTI levels from August 2020 and no fundamental changes in the virus’s transmissibility, adoption of masks in secondary schools would have reduced the predicted size of a second wave, but preventing it would have required 68% or 46% of those with symptoms to seek testing (assuming masks’ effective coverage 15% or 30% respectively). With masks in community settings but not secondary schools, the required testing rates increase to 76% and 57%.
Psychosocial impact of Covid-19 outbreak on Italian asthmatic children and their mothers in a post lockdown scenario
Published: April 2021   Journal: Scientific Reports
Italy was the first European country to fight the Covid-19 outbreak. To limit the transmission of the virus, the Italian Government imposed strict domestic quarantine policies and temporary closure of non-essential businesses and schools from March 10th,2020. Although more and more literature is exploring the impact of the pandemic on non-referred children and families, only a few studies are focused on the psychosocial impact of Covid-19 in chronically ill children and their caregivers. The present study investigates asthma control and children and mothers’ psychological functioning (i.e.: psychological well-being, fear of contagion, and mothers’ Covid-19 related fears) in 45 asthmatic children aged 7-to-14, compared to a control sample. The subjects were administered an online survey after the lockdown (from 28th May to 23rd August 2020).
Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Yang‑feng Guo; Min‑qi Liao; Wei‑li Cai (et al.)

Published: April 2021   Journal: Scientific Reports volume
This study aimed to determine the levels of health-related behaviours (physical activity, screen exposure and sleep status) among Chinese students from primary, secondary and high schools during the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as their changes compared with their status before the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey of 10,933 students was conducted among 10 schools in Guangzhou, China, between 8th and 15th March, 2020. After getting the informed consent from student’s caregivers, an online questionnaire was designed and used to obtain time spending on health-related behaviours during the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as the changes compared with 3 months before the pandemic, which was completed by students themselves or their caregivers.
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UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.