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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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616 - 630 of 1396
Why do parents willingness-to-pay to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? A real-world evidence in Taizhou, China

AUTHOR(S)
Tao-Hsin Tung; Xiao-Qing Lin; Yan Chen (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to explore whether parents are willing to pay to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in China.With a self-administered online questionnaire, we investigated parents’ willingness to pay for their children to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Taizhou, China. Of the 1,845 parents who answered the structured questionnaire when they received an e-mail or e-poster invitation, 1788 samples with valid data underwent data analysis.

Empowering parents to protect children during COVID-19 with message strategy based on efficacy, threat levels, and channel preferences

AUTHOR(S)
Sejin Park; Elizabeth Johnson Avery

Published: January 2022   Journal: Journal of Health Communication

A national survey (n = 500) was administered in March 2020 at the peak of COVID-19 uncertainty to access parents’ perceived abilities to protect children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the threat/efficacy matrix in Witte’s (1992) extended parallel processing model (EPPM), parents’ behavioral intentions to protect children from coronavirus and their perceived COVID-19 knowledge levels are examined based on their positions within the matrix.

Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst children

AUTHOR(S)
Jonathan Mannheim; Sreenivas Konda; Latania K. Logan (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations, but comparatively few epidemiologic studies have been performed on children as compared to adults. This study aimed to characterise factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections amongst children from Chicago, Illinois, USA. A test-negative case-control study of children tested for SARS-CoV-2 (0–18 years) at three medical centres of the Rush University System for Health between 12 March and 7 December 2020 was conducted. Of 8462 children, 1,302 tested positive by real-time PCR or rapid (NAAT) testing. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was analysed as the outcome variable; effects of predictors were assessed by logistic regression analysis. A Paediatric Risk Score Index with a concordance index of 72% of accuracy was created to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Acceleration in BMI gain following COVID-19 restrictions: a longitudinal study with 7- to 10-year-old primary school children

AUTHOR(S)
Gerald Jarnig; Johannes Jaunig; Reinhold Kerbl (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: Pediatric Obesity

The ramifications of COVID-19 restrictions might accelerate the already rising proportion of children with overweight or obesity. This study aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 restrictions and changes in body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of children with overweight or obesity. Cohort study with baseline measurements in September 2019 (prior to COVID-19 restrictions) and follow-up in June 2020, September 2020, and March 2021 at 12 primary schools in Austria. The height and weight of 738 children aged 7 to 10 years were measured and age- and sex-specific national and international standardized values were calculated. Changes over time were analysed by analysis of variance.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 17 | Issue: 3 | No. of pages: 10 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Nutrition | Tags: behavioural change, child health, child nutrition, COVID-19 response, food, lockdown, obesity, physical activity | Countries: Austria
Do not forget the children: a model-based analysis on the potential impact of COVID-19-associated interruptions in paediatric HIV prevention and care

AUTHOR(S)
Clare F. Flanagan; Nicole McCann; John Stover (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25864

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected women and children globally, disrupting antiretroviral therapy (ART) services and exacerbating pre-existing barriers to care for both pregnant women and paediatric populations. This study used the Spectrum modelling package and the CEPAC-Pediatric model to project the impact of COVID-19-associated care disruptions on three key populations in the 21 Global Plan priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa: (1) pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV and their children, (2) all children (aged 0–14 years) living with HIV (CLWH), regardless of their engagement in care and (3) CLWH who were engaged in care and on ART prior to the start of the pandemic. The study projected clinical outcomes over the 12-month period of 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2021.

The indirect effects of COVID-19 upon global childhood pneumonia

AUTHOR(S)
Mike Saunders; Laura Nellums

Published: January 2022   Journal: Public Health in Practice

The relative scarcity of paediatric COVID-19 disease infers protection from its direct harms. This study aims to highlight the potentially severe indirect effects of COVID-19 upon global childhood pneumonia. This is a discussion piece written from the authors’ perspective.It uses the social determinants of health to describe the indirect impact of COVID-19 upon global childhood pneumonia.

Effects of physical exercise on the body composition and conditional physical capacities of school children during confinement by COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
María Helena Audor González; Piedad Rocio Lerma Castaño; Elizabeth Roldán González

Published: January 2022   Journal: Global Pediatric Health
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the countries announced the temporary closure of schools, opting to continue classes virtually, affecting children’s lifestyles, primarily by reducing the practice of physical activity and sport, which becomes a risk factor for the development of obesity and overweight. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of physical exercise on body composition in a sample of school-age children during confinement by COVID-19. A quantitative approach study and quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The sample consisted of 70 school-age children from 8 to 12 years old who were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the experimental group (GE: 35), who received an aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise program 3 times a day. With a duration of 60 minutes for 10 weeks in a virtual way and a control group (CG: 35) that received only the physical education class.
Health care providers’ perspectives on COVID-19 and medical neglect in children with life-threatening complex chronic conditions

AUTHOR(S)
Ross W. Cleveland; Rachel S. Deming; Gabriel Helton (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma

Little is known regarding medical neglect in children with Life-Threatening Complex Chronic Conditions (LT-CCCs). This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on concern for medical neglect in this population. Qualitative interview study of multi-disciplinary health care providers (HCPs) from critical care, palliative care, and complex care services on the topic of medical neglect in children with LT-CCCs. It used inductive thematic analysis to generate themes. Findings presented herein are derived from a sub-analysis of the larger study that focused specifically on discussion of COVID-19 by HCPs.

Knowledge, attitude, prevention practice, and associated factors toward COVID-19 among preparatory school students in Southwest Ethiopia, 2021

AUTHOR(S)
Mohammed Yesuf; Mehd Abdu

Published: January 2022   Journal: Plos One

As of February 2021 COVID-19 report in 57 African countries, there were 3,761,512 confirmed cases and 98,088 deaths. Ethiopia reported the highest number of cases in East Africa with a total of 147,092 cases and 2,194 deaths. Over 1.5 billion students from 195 countries across the world separated from school as a consequence of the closure of schools related to the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, prevention practices, and determinant factors regarding COVID-19 among preparatory school students in southwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used for 422 samples. Each respondent was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for social science software version 25.0. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that were significantly associated with the practice of COVID-19 prevention.

SARS-CoV-2 infections and public health responses in schools and early childhood education and care centres in Victoria, Australia: an observational study

AUTHOR(S)
Kathleen Ryan; Kathryn Snow; Margie Danchin (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific
The epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in children is an important consideration for control measures. To inform the safe re-opening of Victorian schools and early childhood education and care (ECEC) in late 2020, a detailed analysis of local data was undertaken. Data on all Victorian SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases, their close contacts, and ECEC/school events from the first case in Victoria to the end of the third school term (25/01/2020 – 18/09/2020) were analysed. This study compared temporal and geographic trends in cases linked to ECEC/school events and community cases; and describe events with onward transmission by age of first case, and public health actions.
Relationship between screen time among children and lower economic status during elementary school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Sangha Lee; Sungju Kim; Sooyeon Suh (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: BMC Public Health volume

This study aimed to examine whether the extended use of a variety of digital screen devices was associated with lower economic status and other environmental factors among Korean elementary school children and their caregivers during school closures precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 217 caregivers of children 7–12 years of age from Suwon, Korea, were recruited and asked to respond to a self-administered questionnaire in June 2020. The questionnaire addressed demographic information and children’s use of digital media, in addition to their caregivers. The t-test was used for continuous variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for variables measured on an interval scale. A multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of significant correlative factors on screen time in children as predictors.

Diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy

AUTHOR(S)
Francesca Bassi; Mattia Doria

Published: January 2022   Journal: European Journal of Pediatrics
This paper explores COVID-19 diffusion among children and adolescents (up to 19 years old) in Italy using the publicly available data that were collected and released by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS). It considers in more detail the so-called second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy and explores the relationship between schools opening and the diffusion of COVID-19, which is a highly debated topic in the recent reference literature. It analyses the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence in the country as a whole and in its individual regions. Moreover, it compares the regions in which different levels of restrictions were imposed during the pandemic as well as different school closure calendars.
Beyond influenza vaccination: expanding infrastructure for hospital-based pediatric COVID-19 vaccine delivery

AUTHOR(S)
Annika M. Hofstetter; Suchitra Rao; Ravi Jhaveri

Published: January 2022   Journal: Clinical Therapeutics
Controlling the spread of COVID-19 will rely on increasing vaccination rates in an equitable manner. The main reasons for under-vaccination are varied among different segments of the population and include vaccine hesitancy and lack of access. While vaccine hesitancy is a complicated problem that requires long-term solutions, enhancing access can be achieved through evidenced-based delivery strategies that augment traditional approaches. Hospital-based COVID-19 vaccination programs hold particular promise for reaching populations with decreased vaccine access and those at higher risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection. Hospitals have the necessary equipment and storage capabilities to maintain cold chain requirements, a common challenge in the primary care setting, and can serve as a central distribution point for delivering vaccines to patients in diverse hospital locations, including inpatient units, emergency departments, urgent care centers, perioperative areas, and subspecialty clinics. They also have the capacity for mass vaccination programs and other targeted outreach efforts. Hospital-based vaccination programs can leverage existing infrastructure such as electronic health record tools that have been successful approaches for influenza and other routine vaccinations. With the possibility of COVID-19 becoming endemic, much like seasonal influenza, these programs will require flexibility as well as planning for long-term sustainability. The goal of this review is to highlight existing vaccine delivery to children in hospital-based settings, including key advantages and important challenges, and outline how these systems could be expanded to include COVID-19 vaccine delivery.
Changes in children’s self-perceived physical fitness: results from a physical education internet-based intervention in COVID-19 school lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Vanilson Batista Lemes; Camila Felin Fochesatto; Caroline Brand (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: Sport Sciences for Health

Children have a higher chance of decreasing health-related physical fitness during periods of school lockdown due to pandemic situations such as with COVID-19 disease. This paper aims to establish the changes in children’s self-perceived physical fitness (SPPF) during pandemic COVID-19 social distancing in a school lockdown and to describe the individual prevalence of changes in SPPF according to sex. It is an intervention study with a convenient sample, 67 children (6–13 years old; 50.7% girls). An intervention occurred according to the Brazilian Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) and the State Education Secretary orientations for remote Physical Education classes. SPPF was evaluated through a questionnaire (QAPA). Generalized estimative equations (GEE) and the prevalence of changes in individual score delta (Δ) from baseline to follow-up determined the effects.

Association between breastfeeding and complementary feeding in pre-pandemic and pandemic COVID-19 times: maternar cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
Bruna Luiza Holanda; Clarissa de Oliveira Agostini; Marcela Caridad Medina Pacheco (et al.)

Published: January 2022   Journal: Jornal de Pediatria

This study aims to evaluate the association between breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding at six months and the introduction of complementary feeding and the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic periods. Cohort study conducted with puerperal women and their newborns in the immediate postpartum period at a reference maternity hospital in Southern Brazil between 2018-2020. The COVID-19 pandemic period and the need to work outside the home during restricted circulation were the factors of exposure. The outcome evaluated was the weaning in the first six months (breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding) and the introduction of complementary feeding before the sixth month of life.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.