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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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376 - 390 of 912
Different associations of parental involvement with children’s learning of Chinese, English, and math: a three-wave longitudinal study

AUTHOR(S)
He Wang; Yinghe Chen; Xiujie Yang (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: European Journal of Psychology of Education
Due to the impact of COVID-19, children and their parents are spending more time at home, which increases parent–child interactions. The goals of the present study were to examine the mediating effects of children’s learning engagement on the relationships of parental involvement in Chinese, English, and math performance and to investigate whether parent-perceived parental involvement and child-perceived parental involvement consistently affected children’s academic performance. Data were collected from 253 Chinese primary school students (117 boys, Mage = 10.53) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Child abuse and the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Christina M. Theodorou; Erin G. Brown; Jordan E. Jackson (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Journal of Surgical Research

The COVID-19 pandemic had widespread effects, including enhanced psychosocial stressors and stay-at-home orders which may be associated with higher rates of child abuse. This study aimed to evaluate rates of child abuse, neglect, and inadequate supervision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients ≤5 years old admitted to a level one pediatric trauma center between 3/19/20-9/19/20 (COVID-era) were compared to a pre-COVID cohort (3/19/19-9/19/19). The primary outcome was the rate of child abuse, neglect, or inadequate supervision, determined by Child Protection Team and Social Work consultations. Secondary outcomes included injury severity score (ISS), mortality, and discharge disposition.

Parent work–life conflict and adolescent adjustment during COVID-19: mental health and parenting as mediators

AUTHOR(S)
Cixin Wang; Yeram Cheong; Qianyu Zhu (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Journal of Family Psychology
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented challenging time for parents and adolescents. The present study examines the role of parent work–life conflict on adolescent adjustment (i.e., academic engagement and mental health) and family processes (i.e., parental mental health and parenting) as potential mediators for this association. A total of 692 middle school students (53.2% boys; M age = 13.54 years, SD age = 0.58) and their parents (29.6% fathers and 70.4% mothers; M age = 44.75 years, SD age = 4.14 years) completed an online survey in May 2020 in Beijing, China.
Family economic strain and adolescent aggression during the COVID-19 pandemic: roles of interparental conflict and parent–child conflict

AUTHOR(S)
Zhiyou Wang; Chunkai Li; Kaikai Ai (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Applied Research in Quality of Life
Although the link from family economic strain to adolescent aggression has frequently been hypothesized, the results are mixed. Both interparental conflict and parent–child conflict are considered to be potential mediators of this link. However, the empirical evidence supporting this proposition is lacking. The present study investigated the direct effect of family economic strain on adolescent aggression as well as indirect effects through interparental conflict and parent–child conflict. Based on multi-informant data from 971 families with a child in middle and high schools in Y City, in Shanxi Province, structural equation modeling is conducted to examine the proposed theoretical model.
Early childhood care and education access in South Africa during COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM

AUTHOR(S)
Gabrielle Wills; Jesal Kika-Mistry

Published: February 2022   Journal: Development Southern Africa
Using a longitudinal telephonic survey of adults, this paper provides empirical evidence from South Africa on early childhood care and education (ECCE) attendance trends just before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 39% of adult respondents living with children aged 0–6 indicated that at least one child had attended an ECCE programme in February 2020. After a period of ECCE programme closures and lockdowns, estimates fell to as low as 7% in July/August 2020, partially recovered to 28% in November/December 2020, dropped again to 7% in early February 2021 but then recovered significantly to 36% by April/May 2021. A decomposition analysis suggests that a large part of the recovery in ECCE attendance in 2021 was attributed to higher reported perceived ability to be able to afford ECCE programme fees. This could relate to lower fee ECCE programmes resuming operations in anticipation of government relief payments.
The double-edged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese family relationships

AUTHOR(S)
Yongqiang Jiang; Yuxin Tan; Dazhou Wu (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Journal of Family Issues
To comprehensively understand the Chinese family relationships (i.e., marital relationship, parent–child relationship, sibling relationship, and grandparent–grandchild relationship) during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study investigated the changes of family relationships and the individual differences related to knowledge of the COVID-19, personality traits (i.e., neuroticism and optimism), and emotional characteristics (i.e., emotion regulation and negative emotional reactions). From March 1 to April 5, 2020, 8821 participants were involved, including 3995 teenagers, 1146 unmarried young adults, 3571 married adults, and 109 grandparents.
Controlling the uncontrollable: stress, burnout, and parenting during a pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Amanda Joyce

Published: February 2022   Journal: The Family Journal
Throughout the COVID-19 outbreak, many parents have struggled to maintain work-life balance. This investigation examines contributors to and protective factors from parental stress during the pandemic. As expected, perceived stress increased with burnout and decreased with parental inhibitory control, mindfulness in parenting, and perceived competence. Interestingly, it showed no association with child age nor the number of children in the home. Similarly, it investigated parental well-being as a function of childcare during COVID.
Dyadic associations between COVID-19-related stress and mental well-being among parents and children in Hong Kong: An actor–partner interdependence model approach

AUTHOR(S)
Randolph C. H. Chan

Published: February 2022   Journal: Family process
The spread of COVID-19 and its subsequent social distancing policies have profoundly impacted the lives of parents and children. Prolonged exposure to parenting-related responsibilities and heightened levels of family conflict under stay-at-home orders coupled with reduced access to support systems and resources have rendered parents and children more prone to stress and mental health difficulties. Drawing on a transactional model of parent–child interactions, the present study applied an actor–partner interdependence model approach to examine the transactional relationship between COVID-19-related stress and mental well-being among parents and children. Data from 109 Chinese parent–child dyads in Hong Kong were included in the study.
Strength-based parenting and stress-related growth in adolescents: exploring the role of positive reappraisal, school belonging, and emotional processing during the pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Kelly-Ann Allen; Lea Waters; Gökmen Arslan (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Journal of Adolescence

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has changed the way families live, interact, and connect with others, resulting in higher levels of stress for many teenagers who struggle with the ongoing uncertainty and disrupted school and family life. The current study examined the psychosocial factors that influence the capacity of adolescents to grow through the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 404 secondary school students ranging in age from 11 to 18 (M = 14.75, SD = 1.59; 50.2% female, 46.8% male, and 3% non-/other gendered or declined to answer) from an independent high school in Australia. Data were collected from a battery of questionnaires that assessed strength-based parenting (SBP) and the effect of three psychosocial factors (positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and school belonging) on stress-related growth.

“This will likely affect his entire life”: parents’ views of special education services during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Susan Sonnenschein; Michele L. Stites; Julie A. Grossman (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: International Journal of Educational Research
Research continues to emerge about the impact of COVID-19 on education; however, reports about the impact on students receiving special education services are more limited. This study examined parental views of distance learning for students with disabilities during the COVID-19 crisis. Using a survey disseminated via social media, this study examined parents’ views (N = 153) of PK-12 education for students receiving special education services during COVID-19.
School-age children's wellbeing and school-related needs during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Rebecca N. Dudovitz; Kyla Thomas; Megha D. Shah (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Academic Pediatrics
The COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures may have disrupted school-related supports and services important to children's wellbeing. However, national data about U.S. children's wellbeing and family priorities for school-related services are lacking. This study sought to determine a) children's social-emotional wellbeing and b) needs and priorities for school-based services in the 2021-2022 school year among a U.S. sample of parents of school-aged children.
The transmission of psychological distress and lifestyles from parents to children during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Yeqing Zhang; Nalan Zhan; Jiaqi Zou (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak had rapidly become a global health threat, and its impact on the mental health was transmitted among different populations, especially from parents to children. The study aimed to investigate Chinese parents’ influence. Self-reported online questionnaires of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise, and screen time were completed by 3471 Chinese children and one of their parents (1514 fathers and 1957 mothers), during the COVID-19 epidemic in February 2020. Path analysis was used to examine the extent of transmission of psychological distress and whether lifestyles tied to transmission.

Both sides of the screen: predictors of parents’ and teachers’ depression and food insecurity during COVID-19-related distance learning

AUTHOR(S)
Anneanne Martin; Anne Partika; Anna D. Johnson (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Early Childhood Research Quarterly
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strains on both parents and teachers, both of whose mental and financial hardships have serious implications for young children's wellbeing. This study drew on an existing cohort study of families with low incomes in Tulsa, OK when children were in their Spring of 1st grade in 2020. It surveyed parents and teachers – children's caregivers on both sides of the screen during distance learning – before and after the COVID-19 pandemic hit and schools were closed. It first compared the proportion of parents and teachers who were depressed and food-insecure before and after the pandemic struck. It then used pre-pandemic characteristics of parents and teachers in separate models to predict their depression and food insecurity during the pandemic.
How parents of children with autism spectrum disorder experience the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives and insights on the new normal

AUTHOR(S)
Gulden Bozkus-Genc; Sunagul Sani-Bozkurt

Published: February 2022   Journal: Research in Developmental Disabilities

Considering the fact that family members necessarily spend more time together during the pandemic, this study aims to reveal the perceptions of parents with children who have autism spectrum disorder of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey and their experiences of the difficulties during the pandemic. A qualitative phenomenology design was used in the study. Seven mothers and one father gave their consent and participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on young children and their caregivers

AUTHOR(S)
Priscila Costa; Andréia Cascaes Cruz; Annelise Alves (et al.)

Published: February 2022   Journal: Child

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted child development and the well-being of caregivers, and such evidence ought to be used to inform public policy decisions. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on children's behaviours and their caregivers' needs. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 153 caregivers of children (from 0 to 5 years old) from three public daycare centres in Brazil. The Nurturing Care Framework of the World Health Organization was used to guide the assessment of caregivers' needs. Online data collection using a questionnaire was conducted from June to July 2020.

376 - 390 of 912

UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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Check our quarterly thematic digests on children and COVID-19

Each quarterly thematic digest features the latest evidence drawn from the Children and COVID-19 Research Library on a particular topic of interest.
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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.