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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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181 - 195 of 261
Increased maternal mental health burden in a representative longitudinal community cohort coinciding with COVID-19 lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Amy Loughman; James Hedley; Craig A. Olsson (et al.)

Published: September 2021   Journal: Australian Journal of Psychology
Measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted social networks and employment security worldwide. Longitudinal data in representative samples are required to understand the corresponding mental health impacts. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Australian women raising young families during the first Victorian lockdown and to identify risk factors. Participants comprise 347 mothers of children aged 7 (mean age: 32·11 years [4·27]), from the Barwon Infant Study (BIS). Mothers had previously completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at child ages zero, two, four. Following the lock down, mothers again completed EPDS along with questions regarding current household and employment demographics. Depressive symptoms were substantially more prevalent in the lockdown sample than at any prior assessment (EPDS10+; 30·6%); and were particularly high in women with previous poor mental health.
Hope and self-compassion to alleviate parenting stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Aileen S. Garcia; Staci L. Born; Christin L. Carotta (et al.)

Published: September 2021   Journal: The Family Journal
As the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted all aspects of life, parents have been subjected to more household and caregiving responsibilities and stressors. The purpose of this study is to investigate how hope, self-compassion, and perception of COVID-19 health risks influence parenting stress. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 362 parents living in the United States completed an online survey in July 2020. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher levels of hope are related to lower levels of parenting stress. On the other hand, lower levels of self-compassion as indicated by higher scores on the subscales of isolation, self-judgment, and overidentification are related to higher levels of parenting stress.
COVID-19 and home confinement: a study on fathers, father-child relationships, and child adjustment

AUTHOR(S)
Carmen Trumello; Sonia M. Bramanti; Lucia Lombardi (et al.)

Published: September 2021   Journal: Child
The purpose of this study was to explore fathers' adjustment and father–child relationships during the first peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (April 2020). More particularly, the study analysed paternal perceptions of changes concerning familial economic conditions and children's psychological difficulties (viz., emotional problems and hyperactivity) during the lockdown produced by the current pandemic. Furthermore, it investigated the following correlates of fathers' parenting stress: socio-demographic condition, paternal individual stress, anxiety, depression and changes in the father–child relationship during the outbreak.
The effect of online solution-focused brief therapy on parents with high level of anxiety in the COVID 19 pandemic: a randomized controlled study

AUTHOR(S)
Mürşide Zengin; Ceyda Başoğul; Emriye Hilal Yayan

Published: September 2021   Journal: International Journal of Clinical Practice is

The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety levels of parents with children aged 3-6 years because of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine the effects of Solution-Focused Support Program (SFSP) applied to parents with a high level of anxiety. The study was conducted as a parallel-group, randomised controlled design. The sample of the study consisted of 77 parents who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (control group n = 40; intervention group n = 37). One session of online SFSP was applied to the intervention group each week and 4 sessions were applied in total. No intervention was applied to the control group. 

Lockdown babies: Birth and new parenting experiences during the 2020 Covid-19 lockdown in South Africa, a cross-sectional study

AUTHOR(S)
Elise Farley; Amanda Edwards; Emma Numanoglu (et al.)

Published: September 2021   Journal: Women and Birth

Perceived birth experiences of parents can have a lasting impact on children. This study explored the birth and new parenting experiences of South African parents in 2020 during the Covid-19 lockdown. It was a cross-sectional online survey with consenting parents of babies born in South Africa during 2020. Factors associated with negative birth emotions and probable depression were estimated using logistic regression.

Parent-reported intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19: influences of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccination

AUTHOR(S)
Ashley V. Hill; Krissy Moehling Geffel; Daniel R. Lavage (et al.)

Published: August 2021   Journal: Clinical Pediatrics
The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has significantly affected the well-being of children through economic, education and psychosocial  stressord stemming from school closures and reduced access to mental health and social support resources. The recent approval of vaccination and uptake among 12 to 15 year olds is promising. However, research examining parents' intention to vaccinate their children in the United States is limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to examine parents' intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and factors associated with vaccine intentions for children.
COVID-19 impact on parental emotion socialization and youth socioemotional adjustment in Italy

AUTHOR(S)
Laura Di Giunta; Carolina Lunetti; Irene Fiasconaro (et al.)

Published: August 2021   Journal: Journal of Research on Adolescence
This study examines the change and associations in parental emotion socialization strategies in response to children’s negative emotions and youths’ adjustment, comparing before the Covid-19 pandemic hit Italy and since the pandemic began. Participants were convenient cross-sectional/normative (Study 1) and clinical/longitudinal (Study 2) samples of Italian parents whose children were in middle childhood and adolescence. In Study 1, self-reported socialization strategies, youths’ maladjustment, and emotion dysregulation increased since the pandemic began. Whereas, in Study 2, socialization strategies and youths’ maladjustment decreased since the pandemic started. In both studies, unsupportive parental emotion socialization predicted youths’ maladjustment and emotion dysregulation, while supportive parental emotion socialization predicted adaptive emotion regulation. This study advances knowledge about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the family context.
Longitudinal changes in adolescents’ school bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic: individual, parenting, and family correlates

AUTHOR(S)
Sahitya Maiya; Aryn M. Dotterer; Shawn D. Whiteman

Published: August 2021   Journal: Journal of Research on Adolescence
The current study examined changes in adolescents’ school bonding from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and its individual, parenting, and family-level correlates. Participants were two adolescents (50% male; Mage = 14 years) and one parent (85% female; Mage = 45 years) from 682 families (N = 2046) from an ongoing longitudinal study. Adolescents reported on their school bonding, stress, and coping, while parents reported on their involvement in adolescents’ education and pandemic-related financial need. A two-wave latent change score model suggested that adolescents’ school bonding decreased from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and pandemic-related financial need served as risk factors, whereas coping and parental involvement served as protective factors against declines in adolescents’ school bonding.
Caring for a sick or injured child during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020 in the UK: An online survey of parents' experiences

AUTHOR(S)
Sarah Neill; Rachel Carter; Ray Jones (et al.)

Published: August 2021   Journal: Health Expectations

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the first UK lockdown (March to May 2020) witnessed a dramatic reduction in children presenting to primary/emergency care, creating concern that fear of the virus was resulting in children presenting late. An online survey was co-developed with UK parents to understand the impact of the lockdown on parents' help-seeking for, and care of, their sick/injured child(ren). The survey was advertised through social media and snowballing to parents whose children had been ill/injured during the lockdown. Analysis used descriptive statistics, SPSSv25 and thematic analysis.

Self-compassion and rumination type mediate the relation between mindfulness and parental burnout

AUTHOR(S)
Marine Paucsik; Agata Urbanowicz; Christophe Leys (et al.)

Published: August 2021   Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The COVID-19 lockdown increased the day-to-day challenges faced by parents, and thereby may have increased parental burnout risk. Therefore, identifying parental burnout protection factors is essential. This study aimed to assess the protective role of the following factors which can be increased through mindfulness practice: trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete vs. abstract ruminations. A total of 459 parents (Mage = 40; 98.7% female) completed self-reported questionnaires at two-time points to assess the predictive role of mindfulness on parental burnout, self-compassion and rumination type, and the mediating role of self-compassion and rumination type in the relation between mindfulness and parental burnout.
Developmental gains and losses during parenthood

AUTHOR(S)
Elizabeth M. Westrupp; Jacqui Macdonald; Subhadra Evans

Published: August 2021   Journal: Current Opinion in Psychology
The onset of parenthood irrevocably changes the landscape of adults’ functioning, amplifying the potential for parents’ experiences of both developmental losses and gains/growth, in context of increased responsibilities and more limited access to environmental resources/supports. This paper draws on dual theoretical lenses to integrate the frameworks of Baltes’ lifespan development theory of gains and loss, and Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model. It summarize empirical evidence in relation to a normative transition, exemplified by the transition to parenthood, and a non-normative event, the COVID-19 pandemic, and show that parents’ experiences of developmental loss and gains/growth are inextricably linked. This study's findings illustrate how parents’ losses/gains are influenced by a broad range of individual and environmental factors, with implications for parent prevention/intervention programs.
Sleep quality among parents and their children during COVID-19 pandemic in a Southern - Brazilian sample

AUTHOR(S)
Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva; Samanta Andresa Richter; Thiago Wendt Viola (et al.)

Published: August 2021   Journal: Jornal de Pediatria

This study aims to evaluate sleep characteristics of parents and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictors for sleep disturbances. Cross-sectional web-based study using an online survey made available for dyads of parents and their children during the 7th week of quarantine in southern Brazil. Parents' and adolescents’ sleep were characterized using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. For children aged 0-3 years parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, for those aged 4-12 years the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Parents also informed, subjectively, their perception about sleep habits during social distancing. Multiple regression was run to predict sleep disturbances in adults using independent variables: sex, income, education, children age, and children with sleep disturbances.

Willingness and influential factors of parents of 3-6-year-old children to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine in China

AUTHOR(S)
Xiao Wan; Haitao Huang; Jia Shang (et al.)

Published: August 2021   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on children aged 3–6 can be severe. Vaccination for COVID-19 is one of the most important primary preventative measures to reduce disease transmission. Parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 because it was reported in the news that some adults have had adverse reactions to the vaccine. This study aims to investigate the willingness of Chinese parents of 3–6 year old children to vaccinate them with the COVID-19 vaccine and identify what factors influence their decisions. A survey was conducted using a two-stage stratified random sampling method from December 2020 to February 2021. We used univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic analysis to explore potential factors that may determine the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
We just have to sail this sea all together until we find a shore: parents’ accounts of home-educating primary-school children in England during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Claire Lee; Lucy Wenham

Published: August 2021   Journal: Education 3-13
Parents’ everyday realities of enforced home-schooling during COVID-19 may offer important insights into strengths and weakness of education systems. This article presents findings from a qualitative study involving parents of primary-school-age children in England during the first ‘lockdown’. Parents shared common concerns with routine, motivation, resources, support, and children’s wellbeing, and responded creatively to the challenges they faced. This reseqarch argues that focusing narrowly on ‘learning loss’ and getting ‘back on track’ may lead to impoverished educational experiences post-COVID-19, and that a broad, engaging curriculum with social and emotional wellbeing at its core will support children’s thriving in an uncertain future.
Parental distress in the time of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study on pediatric patients with neuropsychiatric conditions during lockdown

AUTHOR(S)
Gianluca Sesso; Eleonora Bonaventura; Bianca Buchignani (et al.)

Published: July 2021   Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research snd Public Health
The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse psychological effects on children and parents. While parenting is essential for positive development, increased parental distress has interfered with children’s wellbeing. This study aimed to identify the predictors of parental distress in families of children with neuropsychiatric disorders during lockdown. Seventy-seven parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders were asked to fill three online questionnaires (a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Parental-Stress-Index (PSI-4-SF) to explore the relationship between parental distress, emotional/behavioral problems in children and quarantine-related factors through univariate analyses and multiple mediation models.
181 - 195 of 261

UNICEF Innocenti's Children and COVID-19 Library is a database collecting research from around the world on COVID-19 and its impacts on children and adolescents.

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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.