UNICEF Innocenti: Children and COVID-19 Research Library

Influence of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in children: A scoping review of the literature

AUTHOR(S)
Kenji Yomoda; Shohei Kurita

Published: May 2021 Journal: Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

There is an urgent concern about physical inactivity among children caused by recent restrictions for containing the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This scoping review aims to identify the impact of the pandemic and related factors on children's physical activity (PA). Twenty-one studies published in 2020 that evaluated PA among children under the age of 18 were extracted from electronic databases. The survey contexts, samples, PA measurement methods, and main findings of each study were categorized and summarized.

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Journal article

Nowhere to go: parents' descriptions of children's physical activity during a global pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Deanna Perez; Janelle K. Thalken; Nzubechukwu E. Ughelu (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

Schools and outdoor public spaces play a substantial role in children's physical activity. Yet, the COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates bound many children to their available home spaces for learning, movement, and development. The exact effect this mandate had on children's physical activity may vary among families. The aim of this study is to understand, from the perspective of parents, how the COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates affected children's physical activity, while also considering families' socioeconomic status.

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Journal article

A peer-to-peer live-streaming intervention for children during COVID-19 homeschooling to promote physical activity and reduce anxiety and eye strain: cluster randomized controlled trial

AUTHOR(S)
Yingfeng Zheng; Wei Wang; Yuxin Zhong (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Journal of Medical Internet Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide school closures, with millions of children confined to online learning at home. As a result, children may be susceptible to anxiety and digital eye strain, highlighting a need for population interventions. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a digital behavior change intervention aimed at promoting physical activity could reduce children’s anxiety and digital eye strain while undergoing prolonged homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 11 | Language: English | Topics: Education, Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, e-learning, lockdown, mental health services, mental stress, physical activity, psychological distress, school attendance, social media

Journal article

Young Children's nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a comparative study

AUTHOR(S)
Raja Omar Bahatheg

Published: April 2021 Journal: Early Childhood Education Journal

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries took precautionary steps to save their citizens by initiating a lockdown and stopping all social activities by closing schools, companies, entertainment places, markets, gardens, and other social gathering places. As children stayed at home with no physical activities, their weight may have increased. The purpose of this study was to examine the link between fast food, sugars, or soft drinks and the ongoing domestic lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenon was studied in three different cities from three different countries (Saudi Arabia, Britain, and Turkey) from the perspective of children’s parents.

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Journal article

Physical activity, sedentariness, eating behaviour and well-being during a COVID-19 lockdown period in Greek adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Ioannis D. Morres; Evangelos Galanis; Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Nutrients

Adolescents’ daily life has dramatically changed during the COVID-19 era due to the social restrictions that have been imposed, including closures of schools, leisure centers and sport facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine levels of well-being and mood and their relations with physical (in)activity and eating behaviors in adolescents during a lockdown period in Greece. A total of 950 adolescents (Mean Age = 14.41 years ± 1.63) participated in a web-based survey while education was conducted online and organized sport activities were interrupted.

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Journal article

Effects of COVID-19 confinement on the household routines of children in Portugal

AUTHOR(S)
André Pombo; Carlos Luz; Luis Paulo Rodrigues (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Journal of Child and Family Studies

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March, 2020. Since then, physical distancing measures such as confinement have been adopted by different governments to control human to human transmission. This study aimed to determine how confinement affects children’s routines, more specifically their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. An online survey was launched to assess how Portuguese children under 13 years of age adjusted their daily routines to confinement. Parents reported the time each child was engaged in different activities throughout the day, which was used to calculate overall sedentary time and overall physical activity time.

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Journal article

Young children's nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a comparative study

AUTHOR(S)
Raja Omar Bahatheg

Published: April 2021 Journal: Early Childhood Education Journal

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries took precautionary steps to save their citizens by initiating a lockdown and stopping all social activities by closing schools, companies, entertainment places, markets, gardens, and other social gathering places. As children stayed at home with no physical activities, their weight may have increased. The purpose of this study was to examine the link between fast food, sugars, or soft drinks and the ongoing domestic lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenon was studied in three different cities from three different countries (Saudi Arabia, Britain, and Turkey) from the perspective of children’s parents.

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Journal article

Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Yang‑feng Guo; Min‑qi Liao; Wei‑li Cai (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Scientific Reports volume

This study aimed to determine the levels of health-related behaviours (physical activity, screen exposure and sleep status) among Chinese students from primary, secondary and high schools during the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as their changes compared with their status before the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey of 10,933 students was conducted among 10 schools in Guangzhou, China, between 8th and 15th March, 2020. After getting the informed consent from student’s caregivers, an online questionnaire was designed and used to obtain time spending on health-related behaviours during the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as the changes compared with 3 months before the pandemic, which was completed by students themselves or their caregivers.

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Journal article

Physical activity of early school-age children in Poland during classes in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Stanisława Nazaruk; Joanna Marchel; Aleksandra Kruszewska (et al.)

Published: April 2021 Journal: Education 3-13

Family and educational institutions play a decisive role in learning and strengthening habits related to physical activity and health. School has a specific mission in this scope, especially at the first stage of education. Attempting to answer the question of how schools in practice realise these tasks, a study was conducted on the level of physical activity of pupils in classes I–III of primary school, during their participation in compulsory school activities. The study took into account many conditions, in particular, the organisation of school work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical activity of the pupils was measured with the use of Actigraphs GT3X+, known also as accelerometers, and the Steps Per Minute Test. The study covered pupils (N = 159) aged 7–9 years, who attended classes I–III of several schools in the region of Eastern Poland.

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Journal article

A mixed methods research study of parental perception of physical activity and quality of life of children under home lock down in the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Gabriela López-Aymes; María de los Dolores Valadez; Elena Rodríguez-Naveiras (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: Frontiers in Psychology

Household confinement due to the rapid spread of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has brought very significant changes, such as the forced stay-at-home of children due to the closure of schools. This has meant drastic changes in the organization of daily life and restrictions on their activities, including exercise, which could affect the quality of life of the children due to its importance. In order to study the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being of minors, a study has been carried out with Mixed Methods Research, combining survey methodology with transversal design with qualitative methodology using discourse analysis.

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Cite this research | Open access | No. of pages: 14 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: adolescent well-being, child well-being, COVID-19 response, lockdown, mental stress, multi-country, parent-child relationship, physical activity, psychological distress

Evidence Synthesis and other Reviews

Review mental health and physical activity among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Junko Okuyama; Shuji Seto; Yu Fukuda (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is causing disruptions in the global social system. Japanese children and adolescents have had their schools closed, government-mandated activity restrictions imposed, and interactions outside the home reduced. These restrictions can have a considerable psychological impact on children and adolescents. This review aims to describe the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and psychological status of this population. The review was conducted by searching PubMed for information on the impact of COVID-19−related activity restrictions on children and adolescents.

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Journal article

Lifestyle changes and determinants of children’s and adolescents’ body weight increase during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece: the COV-EAT study

AUTHOR(S)
Odysseas Androutsos; Maria Perperidi; Christos Georgiou (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: Nutrients

Previous studies showed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown imposed changes in adults’ lifestyle behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. The COV-EAT study aimed to report changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle habits during the first COVID-19 lockdown and explore potential associations between changes of participants’ lifestyle behaviors and body weight. An online survey among 397 children/adolescents and their parents across 63 municipalities in Greece was conducted in April–May 2020. Parents self-reported changes of their children’s lifestyle habits and body weight, as well as sociodemographic data of their family.

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Journal article

The relationship between Korean adolescents’ sports participation, internal health locus of control, and wellness during COVID-19

AUTHOR(S)
Dae-Jung Lee; Wi-Young So; Seung-Man Lee

Published: March 2021 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health

This study was aimed at providing practical information to improve Korean adolescents’ wellness by empirically identifying its correlation with sports participation and having an internal health locus of control (IHLC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study comprised both a pilot test and a main study.

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Journal article

The impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health: the lived experience of adolescents with obesity and their caregivers

AUTHOR(S)
Giada Pietrabissa; Clarissa Volpi; Michela Bottacchi (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Adolescence is a complex developmental phase, made more complex by obesity and the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature related to the impact of social isolation on obesity self-management in adolescents is scant and inconsistent. This paper describes the phenomenon from the perspectives of a sample of adolescents with obesity enrolled in an inpatients’ multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight-loss and their caregivers, and its impact on different life domains. Individual semi-structured ad hoc interviews were conducted with 10 adolescent-caregiver dyads, and narratives were qualitatively investigated using an interpretative phenomenology approach to data.

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Journal article

Cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents before and after the COVID-19 confinement: a prospective cohort study

AUTHOR(S)
Rubén López-Bueno; Joaquín Calatayud; Lars Louis Andersen (et al.)

Published: March 2021 Journal: European Journal of Pediatrics

Long periods of free-movement restrictions may negatively affect cardiorespiratory fitness and health. The present study investigated changes after the COVID-19 confinement in maximal oxygen intake (VO2 max) levels in a sample of 89 Spanish school children aged 12 and 14 years at baseline (49.8% girls). The 20-m shuttle run test served to estimate VO2 max before and after the COVID-19 confinement.

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