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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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46 - 60 of 433
Models of determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in non-pregnant and pregnant population: review of current literature"

AUTHOR(S)
Lauren Tostrud; Julia Thelen; Anna Palatnik

Published: November 2022   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Vaccination has proven to be the most effective tool in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. While pregnant individuals are considered to be a high-risk population and are more likely to experience adverse effects from COVID-19, vaccination rates among pregnant individuals are significantly lower than in the general population. The Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 3C model, 5C model, and 5A model have been used to assess vaccination hesitancy behaviors. In this paper, we review the use of each of these models to address vaccine hesitancy, with a focus on the pregnant population and the COVID-19 vaccine. The HBM, TPB, 3C model, and 5C model have demonstrated great versatility in their ability to evaluate, explain, and modify vaccine hesitancy and behavior. Up to date, the HBM and 3C models appear to be the most effective models to study and address vaccination hesitancy within the pregnant persons.
Comparison of pre- and intra-COVID-19 postpartum depression among reproductive aged women: a comparative cross-sectional study in Ahvaz, Iran

AUTHOR(S)
Poorandokh Afshari; Mitra Tadayon; Parvin Abedi (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Psychiatry

The association between PPD and COVID-19 pandemic has been studied in some countries. This study aimed to compare postpartum depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among reproductive-aged women in Ahvaz, Iran. This comparative cross-sectional study involved 600 women of reproductive age in Ahvaz, Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic who were compared with 504 of their counterparts before the pandemic. Literate women who had given birth 1–6 months prior to the study, were aged 18–35, and were willing to participate in this study were recruited. A demographic questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to collect the data. Independent t-test, Chi-square, and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Maternal–prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Jessica L. Buthmann; Jonas G. Miller; Ian H. Gotlib

Published: November 2022   Journal: Development and Psychopathology
Researchers have begun to examine the psychological toll of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. Data are now emerging indicating that there may be long-term adverse effects of the pandemic on new mothers and on children born during this period. In a longitudinal study of maternal mental health and child emotional development during the pandemic, we conducted online assessments of a cohort of women at two time points: when they were pregnant at the beginning of the surge of the pandemic in the United States (baseline, N = 725), and approximately 1 year postpartum (follow-up, N = 296), examining prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health, prenatal pandemic-related stress, and infant temperament. Pandemic-related stress at baseline was associated with concurrent depressive symptoms and infant negative affect at follow-up. Baseline maternal depressive symptoms were associated with follow-up depressive symptoms, which in turn were also associated with infant negative affect. Pandemic-related stress during pregnancy may have enduring effects on infant temperament. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the emotional development of children who were in utero during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Racial and ethnic differences in maternal and child COVID-19 vaccination intent among pregnant and postpartum women in the USA (April–June 2020): an application of health belief model

AUTHOR(S)
Mercy Obasanya; Oluwatosin Igenoza; Shuchika Gupta (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
This study investigated racial/ethnic differences in pregnant and postpartum women’s intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccination (maternal COVID-19 vaccination intent) and intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 (child COVID-19 vaccination intent) during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April–June 2020). This study also assessed Health Belief Model constructs to examine their influence on maternal and child COVID-19 vaccination intent by race/ethnicity. This study includes 489 US pregnant and postpartum women (18–49 years) recruited via Prolific Academic to complete a 55-item cross-sectional online survey.
Estimating the effectiveness of shielding during pregnancy against SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Siyu Chen; Elisabeth A. Murphy; Angeline G. Pendergrass (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Viruses
Pregnant patients have increased morbidity and mortality in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The exposure of pregnant patients in New York City to SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood due to early lack of access to testing and the presence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections. Before the availability of vaccinations, preventative (shielding) measures, including but not limited to wearing a mask and quarantining at home to limit contact, were recommended for pregnant patients. Using universal testing data from 2196 patients who gave birth from April through December 2020 from one institution in New York City, and in comparison, with infection data of the general population in New York City, we estimated the exposure and real-world effectiveness of shielding in pregnant patients. Our Bayesian model shows that patients already pregnant at the onset of the pandemic had a 50% decrease in exposure compared to those who became pregnant after the onset of the pandemic and to the general population.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 14 | Issue: 11 | No. of pages: 14 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, lockdown, morbidity, mortality, pregnancy, pregnant women, social distance | Countries: United States
Overview of services and characteristics of pregnant mothers in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic in Bpm Pera clinic in 2022

AUTHOR(S)
R. Oktaviance Oktaviance; Risda Mariana Manik; Bernadetta Ambarita (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Science Midwifery
Based on the centeres for Disease Control and Prevention report, pregnant women who are positive for Covid-19 are at higher risk for premature birth (delivery od babies earlier than 37 weeks) and stillbirths. In addition, pregnant women who are positive for Covid-19 are also at a higher risk of developing other pregnancy complications. The problem of psychlogical disorders often occurs during the pregnancy proces, both in the first, second and third trimesters, Covid-19 causes various clinical manifestations, especially in pregnant women, because pregnant women are a high risk group for contracting the Covid-19 virus. The sampling technique is a accidental sampling. The sample in this study are 31 pregnant women.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 10 | Issue: 4 | No. of pages: 3520-3523 | Language: English | Topics: Health, Mental Health | Tags: COVID-19 response, lockdown, maternal and child health services, pregnant women, social distance | Countries: Indonesia
A socio-ecological exploration to identify factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccine decision-making process among pregnant and lactating women: findings from Kenya

AUTHOR(S)
Rupali J. Limaye; Alicia Paul; Rachel Gur-Arie (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Vaccine
The vaccine decision-making process of pregnant and lactating women is complex. Regarding COVID-19, pregnant women are at increased risk for severe disease and poor health outcomes. While pregnant and lactating women were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine trials, available evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and protective during pregnancy. This study used a socio-ecological approach to explore factors influencing the decision-making process for COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and lactating women in Kenya, for the purpose of informing demand generation strategies.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 40 | Issue: 50 | No. of pages: 7 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: COVID-19, health policy, immunization, immunization programmes, pregnant women, vaccination, vaccination policies | Countries: Kenya
Lack of clear national policy guidance on COVID-19 vaccines influences behaviors in pregnant and lactating women in Kenya

AUTHOR(S)
Eleonor Zavala; Berhaun Fesshaye; Clarice Lee (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a greater risk of maternal and newborn morbidity and maternal death. In Kenya, pregnant and lactating women (PLW) were ineligible to receive COVID-19 vaccines until August 2021. How shifts in policy influence vaccine behaviors, such as health worker recommendations and vaccine uptake, is not well documented. We conducted qualitative interviews with PLW, health workers, and policymakers in Kenya to understand how different stakeholders’ perceptions of national policy regarding COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy shaped vaccine behaviors and decision-making. Policymakers and health workers described pervasive uncertainty and lack of communication about the national policy, cited vaccine safety as their primary concern for administering COVID-19 vaccines to PLW, and expressed that PLW were inadequately prioritized in the COVID-19 vaccine program.
Association between depressive symptoms in the postpartum period and COVID-19: a meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Chenxinzi Lin; Bin Chen; Youjing Yang (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders

With the pandemic of COVID, the public are faced with tremendous threatens both physically and mentally. Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most serious complications of childbearing, bringing severe impact on a woman's mental state and mood after birth. Research has shown that maternal mental state is closely correlated with PPD, those undergo the emergency or significant life changes during the postpartum period are more likely to suffer from PPD. In this study, we conducted the meta-analysis to estimate the association between PPD and COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WANFANG Database were searched for potentially relevant articles published before April 2022. Review Manager 5.2 was used to perform a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to compute the pooled odds ratio.

Assessment of anxiety and depression, and coping mechanisms during COVID-19 lockdown among pregnant women

AUTHOR(S)
Rukiyat Adeola Abdus-salam; Rasheedat Omolola Balogun; Temitayo Victor Lawal (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Heliyon
COVID-19 lockdown was associated with disruption of daily life, economy, essential health services including maternal health service, and psychological reflexes such as panic, sleep disorders, fear, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to assess the perception of pregnant women on the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the prevalence of common mental health disorders (CMHD) among pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 pregnant women at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; participants were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information obtained – sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, perception and reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, effect on ANC, coping mechanisms, and presence of CMHD (anxiety and depression) were measured using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analysed using STATA 16.0 Software. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were performed. The level of significance was p-value < 0.05.
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and willingness among pregnant women in Italy

AUTHOR(S)
Grazia Miraglia del Giudice; Lucio Folcarelli; Annalisa Napoli (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

Pregnant women, especially those with comorbidities, compared to those non-pregnant, have higher risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19. However, COVID-19 vaccine uptake is very low among them. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to randomly selected women 18 years of age that were currently pregnant or had just given birth between September 2021 and May 2022 in the geographic area of Naples. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed using the vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS).

Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women receiving COVID-19 vaccination: the preg-co-vax study

AUTHOR(S)
Annamaria Mascolo; Gabriella Di Mauro; Federica Fraenza (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Although the European Medicines Agency (EMA) encourage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in pregnant women, the scientific evidence supporting the use of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy is still limited. This study aimed to investigate adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy. It retrieved Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) related to the use of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy from the EudraVigilance database for the year 2021. It analyzed AEFI related to the mother and fetus/newborn. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) was computed to compare the reporting probability of spontaneous abortion between COVID-19 vaccines.

Peripartum outcomes associated with COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Atsuyuki Watanabe; Jun Yasuhara; Masao Iwagami (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: JAMA Pediatrics

The risk and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy are under investigation. Pooled evidence regarding neonatal and maternal outcomes in association with COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and peripartum outcomes. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched on April 5, 2022. Language restrictions were not applied.

Vaccination double bind: a study of pregnancy and COVID-19 vaccine decision-making

AUTHOR(S)
Kari Campeau

Published: October 2022   Journal: Rhetoric Society Quarterly
COVID-19 vaccination rates among pregnant people are among the lowest in the United States. To better understand how pregnant people are seeking, assembling, and making meaning of different types of information and support, this essay reports on a study of a social media forum created for pregnant and breastfeeding people to discuss COVID-19 vaccination. Data come from 435 forum posts and 17 interviews with forum participants. Findings document four rhetorical strategies that participants developed to move themselves from vaccine uncertainty to vaccine confidence: (1) seeking embodied evidence to personalize vaccine decision making, (2) localizing scientific evidence to their lived contexts, (3) optimizing vaccination, and (4) attending to the affective and relational dimensions of vaccination. These strategies show how participants calibrated two powerful and conflicting rhetorics—one rhetoric that they should get vaccinated as soon as possible, and another that they should make personalized health decisions for their families.
Navigating through motherhood in pregnancy and postpartum periods during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis

AUTHOR(S)
Xutong Zheng; Jiayu Zhang; Xinxin Ye (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Journal of Nursing Management

The aim of this work is to critically appraise and synthesize the qualitative studies on the experiences, perspectives, and consequences of pregnant women experiencing motherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a threat to the health of pregnant women. Such a pandemic disrupted their routine care, as well as normal daily life. However, little is known about their coping strategies to the changes brought by COVID-19. A qualitative systematic review was conducted according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) checklist. A meta-aggregative approach rooted in pragmatism and Husserlian transcendental phenomenology was used to synthesize the findings. Dependability and credibility of both study findings and synthesized findings were appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) ConQual process.

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UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.