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Children and COVID-19 Research Library

UNICEF Innocenti's curated library of COVID-19 + Children research

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1 - 15 of 156
Risk factors for death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19: a literature review

AUTHOR(S)
Bi Ze; Bin Chen; Xiaoshan Ji (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Pediatric Medicine

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a most important global issue since December 2019. Although for children, the clinical course of COVID-19 is milder, it may still cause a multi-system inflammatory syndrome and has rendered 22,000 deaths among children and young people. The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date information about COVID-19 related mortality and relevant risk factors in children and young people. This study provides a narrative review of COVID-19 related mortality and relevant risk factors in children and young people. Electronic searches for studies were conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, with a date time up to April 22, 2022. 22, 2022. Only publications in English were included.

Long-term effect of COVID-19 on lung imaging and function, cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, exercise capacity, and functional capacity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Catherine Campos; Samantha Prokopich; Hal Loewen (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: Healthcare
The long-term sequela of COVID-19 on young people is still unknown. This systematic review explored the effect of COVID-19 on lung imaging and function, cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, exercise capacity and functional capacity in children and adolescents ≥ 3 months after infection. A systemic search was completed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Ovid MEDLINE on 27 May 2022. Data on the proportion of participants who had long-term effects were collected, and one-group meta-analysis were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcomes studied.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 10 | Issue: 12 | No. of pages: 11 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, health services, Heart diseases, respiratory diseases
Daily COVID-19 stressor effects on children's mental health depend on pre-pandemic peer victimization and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia

AUTHOR(S)
Tracy K. Y. Wong; Tyler Colasante; Tina Malti

Published: December 2022   Journal: Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Children’s risk of poorer mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic may depend on risk and protective factors heading into the pandemic. This study examined same-day associations between COVID-19 stressors and children’s mental health using a daily diary design across 14 days, and considered the moderating roles of pre-pandemic peer victimization experiences and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; an indicator of cardiac regulatory capacity). Forty-nine Canadian children aged 8–13 years (Mage = 10.69, 29 girls) participated in the final wave of a longitudinal study just prior to the pandemic and a daily diary extension during the pandemic (N = 686 pandemic measurement occasions).
Preventative practices and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of children with pediatric pulmonary hypertension

AUTHOR(S)
Erik J. Nelson; Ella Cook; Megan Pierce (et al.)

Published: December 2022   Journal: BMC Public Health

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and life-threatening disease characterized by elevated mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. COVID-19 may exacerbate PH, as evidenced by higher mortality rates among those with PH. The objective of this study was to understand the unique burdens that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed upon families of children living with PH. Participants were recruited online through the “Families of children with pulmonary hypertension” Facebook group and asked to complete a survey about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of COVID-19 on the symptoms of asthma in children and its management

AUTHOR(S)
M. Jahangir Alam

Published: December 2022   Journal: Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal
Abstract not available.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 37 | Issue: 2 | No. of pages: 6 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19 response, health services, lockdown, respiratory diseases, rural families, social distance | Countries: Bangladesh
Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on severity at admission and response to inpatient treatment for adult and adolescent patients with eating disorders

AUTHOR(S)
Colleen C. Schreyer; Irina A. Vanzhula; Angela S. Guarda

Published: November 2022   Journal: International Journal of Eating Disorders

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased hospitalization rates and worsened symptom severity in patients with eating disorders (ED), but most studies focused exclusively on adolescents. Further, research evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on response to inpatient treatment for ED is limited. This study aimed to compare demographic characteristics, symptom severity at admission, and discharge outcomes for adult and adolescent inpatients with EDs admitted before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.  The post-COVID cohort was expected to report elevated symptomatology and poorer response to treatment compared to the pre-COVID cohort and this effect was expected to be amplified for adolescents. Patients were consecutively hospitalized adults and adolescents treated in a specialized behavioral integrated inpatient-partial hospitalization program for eating disorders between March 2018 and March 2022 (N = 261).

The association between pre-existing asthma and reduced risk of death among children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil

AUTHOR(S)
Maria C. L. Oliveira; Enrico A. Colosimo; Mariana A. Vasconcelos (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Pediatric Pulmonology

There have been conflicting reports on the relationship between asthma and COVID-19 severity. This study aimed to compare the risk of death among children with asthma and healthy peers hospitalized due to COVID-19. It carried out an analysis of all pediatric patients 2–19 years of age with asthma and COVID-19 registered in Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System-Gripe, a Brazilian nationwide surveillance database, between February 2020 and March 2022. The primary outcome was time to death, which was evaluated considering discharge as a competitive risk using the cumulative incidence function.

Risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes among adults and children with moderate-to-severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AUTHOR(S)
Bohee Lee; Grace Lewis; Eldad Agyei-Manu (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: European Respiratory Review

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation in the United Kingdom requested an evidence synthesis to investigate the relationship between asthma and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise evidence on the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with uncontrolled asthma or markers of asthma severity.

Effects of the Omicron variant on perinatal outcomes in full-term neonates

AUTHOR(S)
Hyowon Choi; Eun Jung Lee; Yeon-Soon Ahn (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: BMC Pediatrics

Research of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) effects on newborns is ongoing. But the research of specific variant’s effects is none. This study analyzed the effects of the Omicron variant on the perinatal outcomes of full-term newborns during the Omicron wave period.  Between December 2021 and April 2022, this study was conducted on all newborns who visited a single center. We investigated due to the Omicron maternal infection maternal pregnancy complications, delivery methods, birth week, Apgar scores, neonatal resuscitation program requirement, whether respiratory support was required until 12 h after childbirth, suspicious infectious status, and mortality depending on maternal Omicron infection.

A comparative analysis of the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus among newborns in the years before and during Covid-19 pandemic at a tertiary referral hospital in Slovenia

AUTHOR(S)
Sandra Cerar; Vesna Pirnovar

Published: November 2022   Journal: Central European Journal of Paediatrics

This study aimed to compare the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus in the neonatal population in the years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases of newborns, hospitalized due to viral lower respiratory tract infection from 2015 to 2020, were analyzed retrospectively, and compared according to cause (respiratory syncytial virus, non-respiratory syncytial virus) and treatment requirements before (2015−2019) and after (2020) the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 18 | Issue: 2 | No. of pages: 8 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, COVID-19, hospitalization, infectious disease, postnatal care, respiratory diseases | Countries: Slovenia
Neurological complications of COVID-19 in children and its effect on the quality of life

AUTHOR(S)
Soha Jameel Ashoor; Luay Abdullah Alqurashi; Mariam Ali Hussain (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic that recently enveloped the world is a highly transmissible respiratory disease leading to 2,409,011 deaths in 2021. The most prevalent clinical symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients are fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other respiratory issues. Coronavirus disease 2019 exhibits various neurological manifestations and complications which are quite rare in children. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about neurological complications of Coronavirus disease 2019 in children. Coronavirus disease 2019 is linked to neurological complications in children, including headaches, encephalopathy, and certain other neurological disorders. Involvement of the nervous system in coronavirus infection is either immediate, during the progression of the disease, after recovery, or as part of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease in new-borns and infants with neurological complications vary and can affect the whole neuraxis, affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, or both. In addition, children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome and coronavirus had severe neurological complications such as encephalitis, epilepsy, coma, dementia, dysgeusia or ageusia, aseptic meningitis, stroke, dysarthria, dysphagia, cerebellar ataxia, axial hypotonia, and drowsiness. Seizures in children are normally reported when they are suffering from fever due to viral infection. Neurological complications in children are rare and limited literature is available in this regard. More comprehensive, clinical follow-up studies can significantly contribute to understanding the relationship among coronavirus disease effects and neurological complications among children.
Cite this research | Open access | Vol.: 9 | Issue: 12 | No. of pages: 5 | Language: English | Topics: Health | Tags: child health, child well-being, COVID-19, infectious disease, respiratory diseases
A systematic review of acute and emergency care interventions for adolescents and adults with severe acute respiratory infections including COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

AUTHOR(S)
Stephanie Chow Garbern; Pryanka Relan; Gerard M. O’Reilly (et al.)

Published: November 2022   Journal: Journal of Global Health

Severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) remain a leading cause of death globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early intervention is critical, considering the potential for rapid decompensation in patients with SARIs. We aimed to evaluate the impact of acute and emergency care interventions on improving clinical outcomes in patients >10 years old with SARIs in LMICs. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus databases to identify peer-reviewed studies containing SARI, LMICs, and emergency care interventions. Studies published prior to November 2020 focusing on patients >10 years old were included. A narrative synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of identified articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tools.

Assessment of children's exposure to air pollutants in urban residences during the COVID-19 pandemic

AUTHOR(S)
Mahmoud M. M. Abdel-Salam

Published: October 2022   Journal: Frontiers in Environmental Science
Indoor air pollution has been associated with adverse health effects. Sensitive people such as children spend much time at home. It is therefore important to know whether our children breath clean air inside their residences or not. Monitoring of PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs, CO, and CO2 concentrations was conducted for 24 h in 36 urban residences in Alexandria—Egypt, simultaneously outdoors and indoors (living rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens), during the summer season. During the COVID-19 pandemic, children spend 98% of their time at home (49% in living rooms, 47% in bedrooms, and 2% in kitchens).
The impact of asthma on COVID-19 disease severity in children and adolescents

AUTHOR(S)
Emily Robbins; Steven Daoud; Seleshi Demissie (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Journal of Asthma

Atopy and allergic asthma have been found to be protective against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in adults but have not been studied in children. This study aimed to identify whether children and adolescents with asthma had less severe disease and lower morbidity from COVID-19 than their counterparts without asthma. This was a retrospective chart review from March 1, 2020, through January 31, 2021. Charts were eligible for inclusion if patients were over 6 years of age and below 20 years of age and tested positive for COVID-19 by PCR or antigen testing or were COVID-19 antibody positive when they presented to the emergency department (ED). Patients were grouped according to disease severity and divided into two groups, those with asthma and those without. A total of 1,585 patients were included—1,492 without asthma and 93 with asthma.

Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on influenza virus prevalence in children in Sichuan, China

AUTHOR(S)
Pinjia Wang; Yidan Xu; Zhe Su (et al.)

Published: October 2022   Journal: Journal of Medical Virology
This study performed a retrospective analysis of influenza A and B virus antigen detection data in children in Sichuan Province from January 2019 to December 2021, with the goal of studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza circulation in children in Sichuan, China. During the pandemic, both the number of specimens and the positive rates of the influenza virus fell dramatically. The positivity for influenza A virus decreased from 22.5% in 2019 to 9.9% in 2020 to 0.2% in 2021 (p < 0.001). The lowest and highest positive rates for the influenza B virus occurred in 2020 and 2021, respectively, with a statistically significant 3-year comparison (p < 0.001).
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COVID-19 & Children: Rapid Research Response

UNICEF Innocenti is mobilizing a rapid research response in line with UNICEF’s global response to the COVID-19 crisis. The initiatives we’ve begun will provide the broad range of evidence needed to inform our work to scale up rapid assessment, develop urgent mitigating strategies in programming and advocacy, and preparation of interventions to respond to the medium and longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The research projects cover a rapid review of evidence, education analysis, and social and economic policies.