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GLOSSARY

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Separation from parent(s)

     IRC site

CRC Article = 9
Note:
Article 9(1) of the CRC accords to the child the right not to be separated from his or her parents against their will, except when competent authorities subject to judicial review determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures, that such separation is necessary for the best interests of the child, for example, in cases of abuse and neglect or where parents are divorced or living separately.

See also:
Contact with both parents   Family reunification   Illicit transfer and non-return   Information on absent parent(s) or child   Judicial review   Procedures   Respect for family   Right to be heard   

Separation of parents

     IRC site

Sex discrimination

     IRC site


See:
Discrimination   

Sexual abuse

     IRC site

CRC Article = 19(1); 34
Note:
The right of the child to protection against sexual abuse while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child is recognized in Article 19 of the CRC. In addition, under Article 34, States Parties are required to protect the child from all forms of sexual abuse by other persons, including the inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity.

See also:
Abuse and neglect   Sexual exploitation   

Sexual exploitation

     IRC site

CRC Article = 34
Note:
The right of the child to protection against all forms of sexual exploitation, including child pornography and child prostitution, is set forth in Article 34 of the CRC.

See also:
Child pornography   Child prostitution   Exploitation   Recovery and reintegration   Sexual abuse   

Signature

     IRC site

CRC Article = 46
Note:
Article 46 of the CRC provides that the CRC shall be open for signature by all States. Signature of the CRC by State representatives normally proceeds ratification. It does not mean that States have given their consent to be bound by the CRC. According to Articles 48 and 49 of the CRC, only ratification or accession have that effect. However, signature does obligate States to refrain from any acts which would defeat the object and purpose of the CRC, until they have made their intention clear not to become Parties to the CRC (see Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)).

See also:
Accession   Depositary   Ratification   

Slavery

     IRC site

Note:
Slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised (Article 1 of the Slavery Convention (1926)). Slavery, the slave trade, and institutions and practices similar to slavery are prohibited under all of the major global and regional human rights treaties (see Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948); Article 8 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966); Article 6 of the American Convention on Human Rights (1969); Article 5 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981); and Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights (1950)), and under the Slavery Convention (1926) and the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956). Of particular relevance to children are bonded labour or debt bondage and specific aspects of child trafficking.

See also:
Bonded labour   Child labour   Economic exploitation   Exploitation   Forced labour   Sale and trafficking   Slavery   

Social insurance

     IRC site

CRC Article = 26
Note:
The right of every child to benefit from social security, including social insurance, is recognized in Article 26 of the CRC.

See also:
Family assistance   Social security   

Social origin

     IRC site


See:
Discrimination   

Social rights

     IRC site
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