GLOSSARY

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CRC Article = 17(e)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of the child to have access to appropriate information, States Parties are required to encourage the development of guidelines in order to protect children from information and material injurious to their well-being. Such guidelines should take into account the right of the child to freedom of expression (see Article 13 of the CRC), which includes the right to freedom of information, and that parents, and not the State, have the primary responsibility for the development of children (see Article 18(1) of the CRC).

See also:
Appropriate information   Freedom of information   Mass media   Parental responsibilities   

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See:
Alternative care   Care of children   Non-custodial measures   Periodic review of placement   Placement in institutions   Protection of children   Standards of care   Standards of protection   

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CRC Article = 21
Note:
Adoptions where children are brought from one country to live in the country of their adoptive parents. Article 21 of the CRC deals with the safeguards and standards to be ensured by those States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption as an alternative means of child's care, covering both national adoption and inter-country adoption, and provides thereby that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration. Noteworthy are the United Nations Declaration on Social and Legal Principles relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children, with Special Reference to Foster Placement and Adoption Nationally and Internationally (1986) and the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and International Co-operation in respect of Inter-country adoption (1993).

See also:
Adoption   Judicial review   National adoption   Procedures   

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Note:
Under Article 45(a) of the CRC, the Committee on the Rights of the Child may invite the specialized agencies, the United Nations Children's Fund, and other competent bodies as it considers appropriate, including inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, to provide expert advice on the implementation of the CRC in areas falling within the scope of their respective mandates. The Committee may also transmit to such competent bodies, as it considers appropriate, any State reports of that request or indicate a need for technical advice or assistance (see Article 45(b) of the CRC).

See also:
Committee on the Rights of the Child   Competent bodies   Non-governmental organizations   Technical advice and assistance   

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CRC Article =
Note:
Adoptions where children are brought from one country to live in the country of their adoptive parents. Article 21 of the CRC deals with the safeguards and standards to be ensured by those States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption as an alternative means of child's care, covering both national adoption and intercountry adoption, and provides thereby that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration. Noteworthy are the United Nations Declaration on Social and Legal Principles relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children, with Special Reference to Foster Placement and Adoption Nationally and Internationally (1986) and the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and International Cooperation in respect of Intercountry adoption (1993).

See also:
Adoption   Judicial review   National adoption   Procedures   

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Note:
Children who have fled or have been driven from their communities to other localities within their country or territory. For children forced to leave their home country, use "Refugee children".

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CRC Preamble para. = 13; 4; 17(b); 23(4);
Note:
Article 4 of the CRC obligates States Parties to take all appropriate measures for the implementation of the economic, social and cultural rights set forth in the CRC to the maximum extent of their available resources and, where needed, within the framework of international co-operation.

See also:
Developing countries   Disabled children and international co-operation   Domestic implementation   Economic, social and cultural rights   Education and international co-operation   Health and international co-operation   Ignorance   Illiteracy   Information and international co-operation   Modern teaching methods   Science and technology   Technical advice and assistance   

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CRC Article = 22(1); 38(1)(4)
Note:
States Parties are required to respect and to ensure respect for rules of international humanitarian law applicable to them in armed conflicts which are relevant to the child. In addition, States Parties are required to take all feasible measures to ensure the protection and care of children who are affected by an armed conflict in accordance with their obligations under international humanitarian law to protect the civilian population in armed conflicts. State obligations under international humanitarian law can be found in human rights treaties and in the following humanitarian treaties: Geneva Convention No. 1 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1949); Geneva Convention No. 2 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949); Geneva Convention No. 3 Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War; Geneva Convention No. 4 Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949); Protocol No. 1 Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (1977); and Protocol No. 2 Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (1977). Provisions of humanitarian treaties which are of particular relevance to children include: Articles 14, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 38, 49, 50, 51, 68, 76, 81, 82, 89, 94 and 132 of Geneva Convention No. 4 Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949); Articles 8, 70, 74, 75(5), 76(2-3), 77 and 78 of Protocol No. 1 Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (1977); and Articles 4(3) and 6(4) of Protocol No. 2 Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (1977).

See also:
Children in armed conflicts   Humanitarian assistance   Refugee protection   

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See:
Illicit transfer and non-return