Innocenti Research Report Time to Teach: Teacher attendance and time on task in in primary schools in Kenya AUTHOR(S) Despina Karamperidou Published: 2020 Innocenti Research Report Teacher absenteeism constitutes a significant barrier to achieving quality education in many low- and middle-income countries globally, where teachers’ school absence rates range from 3 per cent to 27 per cent. In Kenya, where primary education has made remarkable improvements in recent years, teacher absenteeism remains a foremost challenge for the education system.In 2102, the World Bank estimated the average rate of teacher absenteeism from schools across the country at 15 per cent and the average rate of teacher absenteeism from the classroom at 42 per cent. A 2016 a study conducted in 4,529 Kenyan primary schools found that on average, one in ten teachers was absent from school and that half of all schools had a teacher absenteeism rate in excess of 10 per cent. While the stark numbers are available, the evidence base on what factors, policies and practices affect teacher attendance in Kenya remains scant. Time to Teach (TTT) targets this knowledge gap. Its primary objective is to identify factors affecting the various forms of primary school teacher attendance and to use this evidence to inform the design and implementation of teacher-related policies. Specifically, the study looks at four distinct forms of teacher attendance: being in school; being punctual; being in the classroom; and spending sufficient time on task while in the classroom. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 80 | Thematic area: Education | Tags: child education, education, teacher training, teachers × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Despina Karamperidou 2020 Time to Teach: Teacher attendance and time on task in in primary schools in Kenya. , pp. 80.
Innocenti Research Briefs Unconditional Government Social Cash Transfers in Africa Do Not Increase Fertility: Issue Brief AUTHOR(S) Tia Palermo; Lisa Hjelm Published: 2016 Innocenti Research Briefs A common perception surrounding the design and implementation of social cash transfers is that those targeted to families with young children will incentivize families to have more children. To date, however, research on unconditional cash transfer programmes in Africa (including Kenya, Malawi, South Africa and Zambia) have demonstrated no impacts of cash transfer programmes on increased fertility. Examples are given of how some design features capable of minimizing the fertility incentive can be built into programmes. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 3 | Thematic area: Child Poverty, Economic Development, Social Policies | Tags: africa, cash transfers, fertility rate, programme planning, social policy × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Tia Palermo; Lisa Hjelm 2016 Unconditional Government Social Cash Transfers in Africa Do Not Increase Fertility: Issue Brief. , pp. 3.
Innocenti Research Briefs The Impact of Cash Transfers on Food Security AUTHOR(S) Lisa Hjelm Published: 2016 Innocenti Research Briefs Vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan African countries often face high levels of food insecurity which disproportionately affect households living in poverty and children are particularly at risk. This review of eight social cash transfer programme evaluations has shown that cash transfers have an impact on several different dimensions of food security. However, few evaluations include child-specific questions and to make stronger links between food security and nutrition status individual-level indicators are needed. Despite limitations, there is good evidence that cash transfers have a large impact on food security. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 5 | Thematic area: Child well-being, Health, Social Policies | Tags: food consumption, food expenditures, nutrition × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Lisa Hjelm 2016 The Impact of Cash Transfers on Food Security. , pp. 5.
Innocenti Research Briefs Cash Transfers Improve the Mental Health and Well-being of Youth: Evidence from the Kenyan Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children AUTHOR(S) Audrey Pereira Published: 2016 Innocenti Research Briefs Approximately half of all mental health disorders begin by age 14, and three-quarters by age 24. Among adolescents, depression is one of the leading contributors to morbidity, while suicide and interpersonal violence are among the leading causes of mortality. Mental ill-health also reinforces poverty through decreased productivity and loss of earnings, increased health expenditures, and social stigma. Since the evidence on the effects of poverty-alleviation programmes on mental health have been inconclusive, there is a need for research on specific poverty-alleviation interventions for vulnerable groups who are more at risk for poor mental well-being. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 2 | Thematic area: Social Policies | Tags: adolescents, cash transfers, mental health, poverty alleviation, vulnerable groups × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Audrey Pereira 2016 Cash Transfers Improve the Mental Health and Well-being of Youth: Evidence from the Kenyan Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children. , pp. 2.
Innocenti Discussion Papers Parenting, Family Care and Adolescence in East and Southern Africa: An evidence-focused literature review AUTHOR(S) Rachel Bray; Andrew Dawes Published: 2016 Innocenti Discussion Papers Based on an evidence-focused literature review, this paper examines existing knowledge on raising adolescents in east and southern African countries, including Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Country selection was based on the availability of relevant literature and data. The vast majority of studies on parenting and adolescent development is based on research from the global north. This research sought to deepen understandings of family life, care practices and support networks in the east and southern African region so as to inform policy and interventions that seek to improve adolescent-family relations and reduce risk behaviours. An evidence-informed model for understanding the ecology of adolescent-parent relationships in the cultural and economic contexts of the region is provided. In addition, a framework for exploring contextually-relevant dimensions of parenting through research and practice is offered. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 84 | Thematic area: Adolescents, Social Policies | Tags: adolescent health, adolescents, family environment, gender issues, HIV and AIDS, parent-child relationship, risk × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Rachel Bray; Andrew Dawes 2016 Parenting, Family Care and Adolescence in East and Southern Africa: An evidence-focused literature review. , pp. 84.
Innocenti Working Papers Understanding Governance of Early Childhood Development and Education Systems and Services in Low-Income Countries AUTHOR(S) Pia Rebello Britto; Hirokazu Yoshikawa; Jan Van Ravens; Liliana A. Ponguta; Soojin S. Oh; Roland Dimaya; Richard C. Seder Published: 2013 Innocenti Working Papers Over the past decade, early childhood development and education (ECDE) has received increasing attention. This has led to an influx of scientific, macroeconomic, and rights-based evidence, supporting the importance of equitably implementing quality ECDE programmes and services. Despite the increase in evidence, young children in the developing world still bear the greatest burden of poverty, disease, violence, and risk factors. Recent research suggests that equitable access to quality early childhood services (ECS) can reduce the impact of risk factors and improve outcomes. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 62 | Thematic area: Early Childhood, Governance | Tags: early childhood, education, governance, low income communities, social services × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Pia Rebello Britto; Hirokazu Yoshikawa; Jan Van Ravens; Liliana A. Ponguta; Soojin S. Oh; Roland Dimaya; Richard C. Seder 2013 Understanding Governance of Early Childhood Development and Education Systems and Services in Low-Income Countries. , pp. 62.
Innocenti Insights The Dynamics of Social Change: Towards the abandonment of FGM/C in five African countries Published: 2010 Innocenti Insights This Innocenti Insight examines the social dynamics of the abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in five countries - Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal and the Sudan - and seeks to inform policies and programmes aimed at ending the practice. The experiences from the five countries documented in this Innocenti Insight provide evidence that the abandonment of FGM/C is possible when programmes and policies address the complex social dynamics associated with the practice and challenge established gender relationships and existing assumptions and stereotypes. This publication concludes with reflections on the remaining challenges of FGM/C abandonment and offers recommendations for future research and programme interventions. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 64 | Thematic area: Gender Issues | Tags: children's rights, gender based violence, gender discrimination, gender issues, gender roles, social norms, violence against children, violence against women, women's empowerment, women's rights × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION 2010 The Dynamics of Social Change: Towards the abandonment of FGM/C in five African countries. , pp. 64.
Innocenti Studies Kenya: Child newcomers in the urban jungle AUTHOR(S) Dorothy Munyakho Published: 1992 Innocenti Studies In order to establish fully the connection between urban children in especially difficult circumstances and the problems their families are encountering, it is also necessary to address the effects of social change on families and individuals. This ranges from understanding the deterioration of family ties in different environments, to identifying changes in expectations, personal roles and atttitudes familiar in many countries. The 'Urban Child' project, furthermore, while not strictly undertaking a comparative analysis, has sought to identify and highlight common problems such as overcrowding, pollution, the growing presence of drugs and AIDS, urban violence, internal and external migration, and the lack of a sense of belonging. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 48 | Thematic area: Urban Child | Tags: right to adequate standard of living, standard of living, street children, urban children | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Dorothy Munyakho 1992 Kenya: Child newcomers in the urban jungle. , pp. 48.