Children at Risk in Romania:  Problems old and new

Children at Risk in Romania: Problems old and new

AUTHOR(S)
Catalin Zamfir; Elena Zamfir

This paper has three parts. The first examines the problems of Romanian children at risk in their natural families; the second analyses the conditions of abandoned children, children in institutions and other children in special circumstances of risk; and the third offers a summary of the present policy environment. Since many of the features of the situation of children today and of current child-protection policies are the product of a historical process, the paper also details the evolution under the former socialist government administrations of the approach towards children and towards social protection.
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 56 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: child care, children at risk, economic transition, institutionalized children, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
Public Policy and Social Conditions

Public Policy and Social Conditions

Published: 1993 Regional Monitoring Report
In the early 1990s considerable attention was given to the issues of stabilization, privatization, taxation and labour market adjustment in the Eastern Europe transition, but demographic and welfare issues received less attention. While the economic and social reforms undertaken were desirable they faced severe problems of implementation and involved economic, social and political costs far greater than anticipated. This first Report highlights the fact that initial hopes for rapid transformation and economic prosperity were quickly tempered by a considerable decline in output, employment and incomes, a worsening of some social indicators, and the appearance of new welfare problems. The Report warns against neglecting the social costs of transition which affect children and adults, but also threaten the entire reform process.
Public Policy and Social Conditions (Russian version)

Public Policy and Social Conditions (Russian version)

Published: 1993 Regional Monitoring Report
In the early 1990s considerable attention was given to the issues of stabilization, privatization, taxation and labour market adjustment in the Eastern Europe transition, but demographic and welfare issues received less attention. While the economic and social reforms undertaken were desirable they faced severe problems of implementation and involved economic, social and political costs far greater than anticipated. This first Report highlights the fact that initial hopes for rapid transformation and economic prosperity were quickly tempered by a considerable decline in output, employment and incomes, a worsening of some social indicators, and the appearance of new welfare problems. The Report warns against neglecting the social costs of transition which affect children and adults, but also threaten the entire reform process.
The Decline of Infant Mortality in Europe, 1800-1950: Four national case studies

The Decline of Infant Mortality in Europe, 1800-1950: Four national case studies

AUTHOR(S)
Pier Paolo Viazzo; Carlo A. Corsini

Published: 1993 Historical Perspectives
The basic facts about the secular decline of infant mortality in Europe have been known for nearly a century. Regristration series show that the levels of infant mortality in the late nineteenth century were still extremely high and could vary quite markedly from one country to another, ranging from about 100 per 1,000 live births in Norway and Sweden to 200 or even 250 per 1,000 in countries such as Germany, Austria and Russia. At the turn of the century, however, infant mortality began to fall almost right across the continent. By the 1950s, when national rates of infant mortality ranged between 20 and 50 per 1,000, the process of convergence was nearly completed. The fall in infant mortality, which was paralelled by a simultaneous and equally pronounced decline in fertility, was responsible for raising life expectancy in many European countries by more than 10 years over a remarkably short period of time. The countries reviewed in this publication are Sweden, England, France and Austria.
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 86 | Thematic area: Early Childhood | Tags: child development, health policy, historical analysis, infant mortality, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence

Children and the Transition to the Market Economy: Safety Nets and Social Policies in Central and Eastern Europe

AUTHOR(S)
Giovanni Andrea Cornia; Sandor Sipos

Published: 1991 Innocenti Publications
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 252 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: child welfare, economic and social conditions, economic transition, social policy | Publisher: Avebury, UK; UNICEF ICDC, Florence
Transition économique et coûts sociaux: la condition de l’enfance dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale

Transition économique et coûts sociaux: la condition de l’enfance dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale

AUTHOR(S)
Giovanni Andrea Cornia; Sandor Sipos

Published: 1991 Innocenti Publications
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: child poverty, child welfare, economic and social conditions, economic transition, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
Transizione economica e costi sociali: la condizione dell'infanzia nei paesi dell'Est

Transizione economica e costi sociali: la condizione dell'infanzia nei paesi dell'Est

AUTHOR(S)
Giovanni Andrea Cornia; Sandor Sipos

Published: 1991 Innocenti Publications
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: child poverty, child welfare, economic and social conditions, economic transition, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
Children and the Transition to the Market Economy: Safety nets and social policies in Central and Eastern Europe - Summary

Children and the Transition to the Market Economy: Safety nets and social policies in Central and Eastern Europe - Summary

AUTHOR(S)
Giovanni Andrea Cornia; Sandor Sipos

Published: 1991 Innocenti Publications
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: child poverty, child welfare, economic and social conditions, economic transition, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
Government Expenditures for Children and their Families in Advanced Industrialized Countries, 1960-85

Government Expenditures for Children and their Families in Advanced Industrialized Countries, 1960-85

AUTHOR(S)
Sheila B. Kamerman; Alfred J. Kahn

Cite this publication | No. of pages: 64 | Thematic area: Industrialized Countries | Tags: family policy, industrialized countries, public expenditures, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
The Health Sector and Social Policy Reform in the Philippines since 1985

The Health Sector and Social Policy Reform in the Philippines since 1985

AUTHOR(S)
Wilfredo G. Nuqui

Cite this publication | No. of pages: 44 | Thematic area: National Development Programmes | Tags: health policy, national policies, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
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