Publications

UNICEF Innocenti's complete catalogue of research and reports

SPOTLIGHT

Building Bright Futures: What is needed to expand early childhood education and care for Ukraine's refugee children

Nine out of every 10 refugees arriving in host countries from Ukraine are women and children. Only 1 in 3 of Ukrainian refugee children are enrolled in early childhood education and care services. This emphasizes the need for expanding and strengthening early childhood education systems to ensure sufficient access for all children, and the integration of Ukranian refugee children in the host-community. These briefs offer recommendations for policymakers on ways to expand services, and how to facilitate the integration of refugee children and their families. Strategies include limiting the barriers that may hinder refugee children's access to ECEC settings, capitalizing existing physical and human resources to address gaps in service delivery, in addition to the inclusion of refugees in national and sub-national plans, data systems and financing, adapting policies and programmes to ensure considerations are made for refugee children.

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Tax Reforms and Equity in Asia: The experience of the 1980's

Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

Tax Reforms and Equity in Asia: The experience of the 1980's

AUTHOR(S)
Andrea Manuelli

Published: 1994 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

The 1980s witnessed a number of important shifts in fiscal policy in both the developed and the developing world. These reforms were carried out in response to such growing pressures as the debt crisis, which were hampering the basic operation of taxation and its overall performance in terms of revenue, fairness and efficiency. This paper examines the Asian experience of this process of change - identifying key reforms and assessing their effectiveness. Particular emphasis is placed throughout upon the equity implications of the various tax systems.

Cite this publication | No. of pages: 60 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: economic aid, economic reform, tax reforms | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence

Tax Reforms and Equity in Latin America: A review of the 1980s and proposals for the 1990s

Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

Tax Reforms and Equity in Latin America: A review of the 1980s and proposals for the 1990s

AUTHOR(S)
Oscar Cetrángolo; Ricardo Carciofi

Published: 1994 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

This paper focuses on the equity aspects of tax systems in Latin America. Aftrer reviewing quantative characteristics regarding the level and composition of tax structures, the paper analyses recent country experiences of tax reforms and attempts to show how the design of instruments has coped with distributional issues in taxation. Policy proposals to promote a more progressive distribution of the tax burden are presented, paying due notice to institutional and administrative constraints that characterise the region's tax systems and avoiding conflicts with other functions of the tax systems - revenue generation and economic efficiency.

Cite this publication | No. of pages: 60 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: economic aid, economic reform, tax reforms | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence

Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

Two Errors of Targeting

AUTHOR(S)
Giovanni Andrea Cornia; Frances Stewart

Published: 1993 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

This paper is the product of the authors’ detailed study of food intervention programmes in nine countries. It identifies the imperfections common to all such schemes, finding that most can be brought under two headings - the ‘two errors’ of the title. These mistakes involve excess coverage - food aid is misdirected and reaches a non-priority population - and are characterised by a failure in the prime objective of the intervention. Having made the diagnosis, the authors go on to discuss possible remedies, highlighting areas in which improvements might be made to the structure of food initiatives. It is hoped that this document will be of value to all those working to ensure that food aid gets to the people who need it most.

Cite this publication | No. of pages: 56 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: economic aid, economic planning, food supply | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence

External Debt, Fiscal Drainage and Child Welfare: Trends and policy proposals

Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

External Debt, Fiscal Drainage and Child Welfare: Trends and policy proposals

AUTHOR(S)
Stephany Griffith-Jones

Published: 1992 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series

Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: adjustment policies, child welfare, economic aid, external debt, fiscal policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence

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Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook

Publication

Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook

This report outlines the polycrisis in which the world finds itself — multiple, simultaneous shocks with strong interdependencies, intensified in an ever-more integrated world — along with eight trends that will shape child rights and well-being in the coming year.

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Data Must Speak: Comprendre les facteurs de performance des écoles togolaises

Publication

Data Must Speak: Comprendre les facteurs de performance des écoles togolaises

Le gouvernement togolais, à travers le plan sectoriel de l'éducation (PSE) 2014-2025, vise à atteindre une éducation primaire universelle de qualité. A travers cet objectif, le gouvernement reconnaît les défis actuels en liaison avec l'accès et la participation à l’éducation primaire, ainsi que dans la rétention de tous les écoliers Togolais. Mieux comprendre les performances des écoles fait partie des actions nécessaires pour relever ces défis.

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Inclusion Matters: Inclusive Interventions for Children with Disabilities – An evidence and gap map from low- and middle-income countries

Publication

Inclusion Matters: Inclusive Interventions for Children with Disabilities – An evidence and gap map from low- and middle-income countries

In this publication we report our Evidence and Gap Mapping (EGM) of “Inclusive Interventions for Children with Disabilities in LMICs”. It shows that research is lacking in many critical areas: awareness and non-discrimination, protection, adequate standard of living, family and community life, and empowerment – that represent critical areas of policy and programming in need of robust evidence to improve inclusion and participation. Specific areas overlooked include tackling harmful stereotypes, tackling abuse and violence and ways to reduce stigma; on improving accessibility to water, sanitation, hygiene, housing and food; and interventions that aim for children with disabilities to enjoy their right to be heard, to play and to have their views considered in all matters affecting them. Health research covers 3 in 4 of all studies in our EGM, but there is little evidence on improving access to general health services and accessibility for children with disabilities in healthcare settings. Inclusive education was moderately represented, but lacked the detail to understand how it was implemented or if inclusive education was effective in improving (or harming) academic outcomes, school readiness, graduation rates or the quality of educational services. The companion protocol for the EGM can be found at this link Please also see our EGM on Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Interventions

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A series of artworks produced by children to describe their environments is displayed as cards

Article

Children's Views about their Environments

A collection of artworks created by children and young people from Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Costa Rica, Italy, and New Zealand on key environmental issues highlighted in the Innocenti Report Card 17 'Places and Spaces: Environments and children's well-being'. In each country participating in this project, small groups of children and adolescents discussed how global environmental challenges affect their daily lives. Based on their discussions, children engaged in creative activities: they made videos, drew or wrote stories, took photos, and wrote or recorded audio captions for their artwork.

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Unlocking Learning: The use of digital learning to support the education and inclusion of refugees and migrant children in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Publication

Unlocking Learning: The use of digital learning to support the education and inclusion of refugees and migrant children in Bosnia and Herzegovina

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the number of refugees and migrants arriving in the country has increased from just a few dozen arrivals annually prior to 2017 to 95,000 between 2018 and 2022. This increase has put incredible strain on the country’s education systems.

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Publications

Building Bright Futures: What is needed to expand early childhood education and care for Ukraine's refugee children

RESULTS: 4 SORT BY: NEWEST OLDEST ALPHABETICAL A-Z ALPHABETICAL Z-A 1

Tax Reforms and Equity in Asia: The experience of the 1980's

Tax Reforms and Equity in Latin America: A review of the 1980s and proposals for the 1990s

Two Errors of Targeting

External Debt, Fiscal Drainage and Child Welfare: Trends and policy proposals

RESULTS: 4 SORT BY:

1