Innocenti Working Papers Unconditional Government Social Cash Transfer in Africa Does not Increase Fertility AUTHOR(S) Tia Palermo; Sudhanshu Handa; Amber Peterman; Leah Prencipe; David Seidenfeld Published: 2015 Innocenti Working Papers In Africa, one of the key barriers to the scale-up of unconditional cash transfer programmes is the notion held by politicians, and even the general public, that such programmes will induce the poor to have more children. The hard evidence on this question is scanty. The current study uses evaluation data from the Zambian Child Grant Programme (CGP), a large-scale UCT targeted to households with a child under the age of five at programme initiation and evaluates the impact of transfers on fertility and child-fostering decisions. The overall goal of the CGP is to reduce extreme poverty and break the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The results contribute to the small literature that rigorously documents the fertility impacts of unconditional cash transfer programmes in developing countries. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Social Policies | Tags: cash transfers, economic policy, fertility × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Tia Palermo; Sudhanshu Handa; Amber Peterman; Leah Prencipe; David Seidenfeld 2015 Unconditional Government Social Cash Transfer in Africa Does not Increase Fertility. , pp. 40.
Innocenti Working Papers Poverty in the Transition: Social expenditures and the working-age poor AUTHOR(S) Jeni Klugman; John Micklewright; Gerry Redmond Published: 2002 Innocenti Working Papers A combination of economic growth and committed revenue-raising should give most governments in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union considerable scope to devote increased resources to tackling poverty. We review the extent and nature of poverty across the transition countries, emphasising the phenomenon of the working-age poor. We consider governments' fiscal positions and revenue raising tools, including the issue of whether some countries now have levels of external debt servicing that are so high as to hamper social sector expenditures. We analyse whether the introduction of credible unemployment benefit schemes in the CIS would aid labour market reform and hence help solve the problem there of in-work poverty (we first review experience in Central and Eastern Europe). We focus on the case of Russia, and simulate a simple scheme with 2000 household survey data. The paper concludes by considering the role of improved wages for public service workers and the targeting of categorical benefits. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 68 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: economic monitoring, economic policy, economic transition, social welfare | Publisher: IRC × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Jeni Klugman; John Micklewright; Gerry Redmond 2002 Poverty in the Transition: Social expenditures and the working-age poor. , pp. 68.
Innocenti Working Papers Social Exclusion and Children: A European view for a US debate AUTHOR(S) John Micklewright Published: 2002 Innocenti Working Papers The concept of social exclusion has been widely debated in Europe but its application to children has seen relatively little discussion. What the social exclusion of children can lead to is the first main theme of the paper, where among other things, the choice of reference group, the geographical dimension of exclusion, and the issue of who is responsible for any exclusion of children are considered. The second main theme is the use of the concept of exclusion in the USA, where in contrast to Europe it has achieved little penetration to date. To assess whether there is fertile ground for discussion of social exclusion as it relates to children in the US, various features of US society and institutions including the measurement of poverty, analysis of children's living standards, state versus federal responsibilities, welfare reform and the emphasis on 'personal responsibility', are all considered. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Industrialized Countries | Tags: child poverty, child welfare, discrimination based on social origin, economic indicators, economic policy | Publisher: IRC × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION John Micklewright 2002 Social Exclusion and Children: A European view for a US debate. , pp. 40.
Innocenti Working Papers When the Invisible Hand Rocks the Cradle: New Zealand children in a time of change AUTHOR(S) Alison J. Blaiklock; Cynthia A. Kiro; Michael Belgrave; Will Low; Eileen Davenport; Ian B. Hassall Published: 2002 Innocenti Working Papers This paper investigates the impact of economic and social reforms on the well-being of children in New Zealand. These reforms were among the most sweeping in scope and scale in any industrialized democracy, but have not led to an overall improvement in the well-being of children. There has been widening inequality between ethnic and income groups which has left many Maori and Pacific children, and children from one parent and poorer families, relatively worse off. The New Zealand experience illustrates the vulnerability of children during periods of social upheaval and change and the importance of having effective mechanisms to monitor, protect and promote the interests of children. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 68 | Thematic area: Industrialized Countries | Tags: child related policies, child welfare, children's rights, economic policy | Publisher: IRC × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Alison J. Blaiklock; Cynthia A. Kiro; Michael Belgrave; Will Low; Eileen Davenport; Ian B. Hassall 2002 When the Invisible Hand Rocks the Cradle: New Zealand children in a time of change. , pp. 68.
Innocenti Working Papers Children in Bulgaria: Growing impoverishment and unequal opportunities AUTHOR(S) Roumiana Gantcheva Published: 2001 Innocenti Working Papers The social and economic changes in Bulgaria since the beginning of transition naturally raise concern about their impact on child well-being. This paper investigates the changes that occurred over the last decade in three dimensions of child welfare recognised as fundamental child rights economic well-being, health and education. Then it concentrates on particularly vulnerable groups of children those born of teenage and single mothers and those living in institutions. The data show that the human cost of economic transition has been high and children have been among the most vulnerable groups of the society. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 64 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: child education, child health, child poverty, child welfare, economic policy, economic transition, institutionalized children, single mothers, social monitoring | Publisher: IRC × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Roumiana Gantcheva 2001 Children in Bulgaria: Growing impoverishment and unequal opportunities. , pp. 64.
Innocenti Working Papers Is EFA Affordable? Estimating the global minimum cost of 'Education for All' AUTHOR(S) Enrique Delamonica; Santosh Mehrotra; Jan Vandemoortele Published: 2001 Innocenti Working Papers Progress towards the target of universal access to basic education by the year 2000, set by two global conferences in 1990, has been too slow in many countries. Most of the reasons for this inadequate progress are country-specific. However, in virtually all countries one explanation stands out: inadequate public finance for primary education. This paper updates the global and regional cost estimates for achieving 'education for all' by 2015 the new target date set by the Social Summit in 1995. The estimates are based on the most recent country-by-country data on budgetary expenditure, population and enrolment trends, and unit cost. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 44 | Thematic area: Education | Tags: access to education, basic education, economic planning, economic policy, right to education | Publisher: IRC × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Enrique Delamonica; Santosh Mehrotra; Jan Vandemoortele 2001 Is EFA Affordable? Estimating the global minimum cost of 'Education for All'. , pp. 44.
Innocenti Publications The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Industrialised Countries AUTHOR(S) John Micklewright; Bruce Bradbury; Stephen P. Jenkins Published: 2001 Innocenti Publications A child poverty rate of ten percent could mean that every tenth child is always poor, or that all children are in poverty for one month in every ten. Knowing where reality lies between these extremes is vital to understanding the problem facing many countries of poverty among the young. This unique study goes beyond the standard analysis of child poverty based on poverty rates at one point in time and documents how much movement into and out of poverty by children there actually is, covering a range of industrialised countries - the USA, UK, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Hungary and Russia. Five main topics are addressed: conceptual and measurement issues associated with a dynamic view of child poverty; cross-national comparisons of child poverty rates and trends; cross-national comparisons of children’s movements into and out of poverty; country-specific studies of child poverty dynamics; and the policy implications of taking a dynamic perspective. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 312 | Thematic area: Industrialized Countries | Tags: child poverty, economic planning, economic policy, industrialized countries, poverty | Publisher: CUP / IRC × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION John Micklewright; Bruce Bradbury; Stephen P. Jenkins 2001 The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Industrialised Countries. , pp. 312.
Innocenti Working Papers Macroeconomics and Data on Children AUTHOR(S) John Micklewright Published: 2000 Innocenti Working Papers Putting data on children into macroeconomic debate can be achieved in a variety of ways. Economic policy is about improving the lives of people and the most basic data of all concerning children - demographic data - can be used to underline this fact. The key economic variables on which economic policy operates can all be given a child dimension. And direct measures of various dimensions of child well-being must also be brought into the picture. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 18 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: child welfare, demographic indicators, economic policy | Publisher: Innocenti Research Centre × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION John Micklewright 2000 Macroeconomics and Data on Children. , pp. 18.
Innocenti Working Papers How Effective is the British Government's Attempt to Reduce Child Poverty? AUTHOR(S) Holly Sutherland; David Piachaud Published: 2000 Innocenti Working Papers The Labour Government elected in 1997 in Britain made the reduction of child poverty one of its central objectives. This paper describes the specific initiatives involved in Labour’s approach and weighs them up in terms of their potential impact. After setting out the extent of the problem of child poverty, the causes are discussed and Britain's problem is set in international perspective. The impact on child poverty of policies designed to raise incomes directly is analysed using micro-simulation modelling. A major emphasis of the policy was the promotion of paid work, and the potential for poverty reduction of increasing the employment of parents is explored. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 48 | Thematic area: Industrialized Countries | Tags: child poverty, economic planning, economic policy, poverty reduction × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Holly Sutherland; David Piachaud 2000 How Effective is the British Government's Attempt to Reduce Child Poverty?. , pp. 48.
Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series Market Reforms and Social Welfare in the Czech Republic: A true success story? AUTHOR(S) Miroslav Hirsl; Jiri Rusnok; Martin Fassmann Published: 1995 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 44 | Thematic area: Countries in Transition | Tags: economic policy, economic transition, social welfare | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Miroslav Hirsl; Jiri Rusnok; Martin Fassmann 1995 Market Reforms and Social Welfare in the Czech Republic: A true success story?. , pp. 44.
Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series Réformes fiscales, génération de ressources et équit en Afrique subsaharienne durant les années 1980 AUTHOR(S) Kiari Liman-Tinguiri Published: 1994 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 56 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: economic policy, fiscal policy, social inequality | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Kiari Liman-Tinguiri 1994 Réformes fiscales, génération de ressources et équit en Afrique subsaharienne durant les années 1980. , pp. 56.
Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series The Economics of Disarmament: Prospects, problems and policies for the disarmament dividend AUTHOR(S) Saadet Deger Published: 1992 Innocenti Occasional Papers, Economic Policy Series + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 40 | Thematic area: Economic Development | Tags: disarmament, economic policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Saadet Deger 1992 The Economics of Disarmament: Prospects, problems and policies for the disarmament dividend. , pp. 40.
