Child Labour in Historical Perspective 1800-1985: Case Studies from Europe, Japan and Colombia

Child Labour in Historical Perspective 1800-1985: Case Studies from Europe, Japan and Colombia

AUTHOR(S)
Hugh Cunningham; Pier Paolo Viazzo

Published: 1996 Historical Perspectives
The aim of the Historical Perspectives series is to use a greater understanding of the history of childhood to shed light on the quest for improved policies and programmes for dealing with contemporary child-related social issues. In investigating the social and economic factors and policy measures that have proved instrumental in all but ending child labour in industrialized countries, these papers aim to direct attention to measures that might be adopted to accelerate substantially the movement towards elimination at least of the most harmful and exploitative forms of child labour in today’s developing world.
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 106 | Thematic area: Child Work and Labour | Tags: child labour, historical analysis | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
The Decline of Infant Mortality in Europe, 1800-1950: Four national case studies

The Decline of Infant Mortality in Europe, 1800-1950: Four national case studies

AUTHOR(S)
Pier Paolo Viazzo; Carlo A. Corsini

Published: 1993 Historical Perspectives
The basic facts about the secular decline of infant mortality in Europe have been known for nearly a century. Regristration series show that the levels of infant mortality in the late nineteenth century were still extremely high and could vary quite markedly from one country to another, ranging from about 100 per 1,000 live births in Norway and Sweden to 200 or even 250 per 1,000 in countries such as Germany, Austria and Russia. At the turn of the century, however, infant mortality began to fall almost right across the continent. By the 1950s, when national rates of infant mortality ranged between 20 and 50 per 1,000, the process of convergence was nearly completed. The fall in infant mortality, which was paralelled by a simultaneous and equally pronounced decline in fertility, was responsible for raising life expectancy in many European countries by more than 10 years over a remarkably short period of time. The countries reviewed in this publication are Sweden, England, France and Austria.
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 86 | Thematic area: Early Childhood | Tags: child development, health policy, historical analysis, infant mortality, social policy | Publisher: UNICEF ICDC, Florence
Historical Perspectives on Breastfeeding: Two essays

Historical Perspectives on Breastfeeding: Two essays

AUTHOR(S)
Sara Matthews Grieco; Carlo A. Corsini

Published: 1991 Historical Perspectives
The first wave of historical studies of breastfeeding was instrumental in allowing economists, social scientists and decision-makers to guage the order of magnitude of the potantial demographic effects of changing infant feeding patterns that were apparantly underway in many third world countries. In the past 20 years much more information has become available on the effects of feeding patterns on infant mortality in developing countries, yet there are still interesting lessons to be learnt from the past. A blending of quantitative and qualitative evidence can contribute to a better understanding of behavioural dilemmas and can also help us to assess the impact of innovation and official intervention on the survival chances of infants and young children.
Cite this publication | No. of pages: 96 | Thematic area: Early Childhood | Tags: breastfeeding, child nutrition, early childhood development, historical analysis | Publisher: Istituto degli Innocenti, Florence; UNICEF ICDC, Florence
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