Innocenti Publications Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook AUTHOR(S) UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight Published: 2023 Innocenti Publications This report outlines the polycrisis in which the world finds itself — multiple, simultaneous shocks with strong interdependencies, intensified in an ever-more integrated world — along with eight trends that will shape child rights and well-being in the coming year. The trends explored are: The pandemic's harms will continue to be counted - but reforms of health architecture and medical breakthroughs offer hope for children.Efforts to tame inflation will have unintended negative effects on child poverty and well-being - requiring policy measures that protect investments for vulnerable families and children.Multiple factors will contribute to continued food and nutrition insecurity - with increasing calls for greater climate adaptation and food systems reform to prevent food poverty in children.The worsening energy crisis may cause immediate harm to children - but the focus on energy sustainability provides hope for a greener future.Unmet needs and underinvestment in children warrant reforms of financial flows to developing countries - while renewed attention on climate finance and debt relief holds promise.Threats to democratic rights such as freedom of expression are expected to continue - but social movements, including those led by young people and women, are likely to push back.Increasing factionalism will put further stress on multilateralism - but efforts to address children's and young people's concerns may offer opportunities to find common ground.The internet will continue to fragment and become less global, resulting in further disparities for children - prompting a greater push for openness, fairness and inclusion. + - Cite this publication | Tags: child poverty, child well-being, climate change, COVID-19, democracy, education, energy policies, financial policy, financial systems, food crisis, gender equality, health, internet, nutrition, pandemic, social change × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight 2023 Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook.
Innocenti Research Report COVID-19 and the Looming Debt Crisis: Protecting and Transforming Social Spending for Inclusive Recoveries Published: 2021 Innocenti Research Report Compounding the COVID-19 pandemic is a looming debt crisis for low- and middle-income countries where a growing debt burden threatens to crowd out social spending for children. This policy brief explores whether the current support from the international community is enough to maintain spending on basic services during COVID-19. It highlights countries that are most at risk due to high levels of poverty, as well as those less likely to benefit from the G20 Debt Standstill (DSSI). It concludes that a new international debt restructuring architecture, which encompasses the needs of poorer countries, is crucial to protecting children’s rights in the wake of COVID-19. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 33 | Thematic area: Social protection | Tags: COVID-19, COVID-19 response, debt relief, education, low-income countries, middle-income countries, nutrition, social protection × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION 2021 COVID-19 and the Looming Debt Crisis: Protecting and Transforming Social Spending for Inclusive Recoveries. , pp. 33.
Miscellanea Best of UNICEF Research and Evaluation 2020 Published: 2020 Miscellanea Evidence and objective assessment are needed more than ever to help enhance the rights and well-being of the world’s children. Researching the changing world around us and evaluating progress are two sides of the same coin, both critical to reimagining a better future for children. In recognition of this, UNICEF celebrates and showcases innovative and influential research and evaluations from our offices around the world every year. For 2020, Innocenti and the Evaluation Office joined forces to find the most rigorous UNICEF studies with greatest influence on policies and programmes that benefit children. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 164 | Thematic area: Knowledge management | Tags: adolescents, birth registration, breastfeeding, cash transfers, child labour, child poverty, child protection, early childhood development, humanitarian emergencies, hygiene, institutionalized children, internet, migration, nutrition, pandemic, policy issues, primary education, sanitation, unaccompanied children, water × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION 2020 Best of UNICEF Research and Evaluation 2020. , pp. 164.
Innocenti Working Papers The Intricate Relationship between Chronic Undernutrition, Impaired Linear Growth and Delayed Puberty: Is ‘catch-up’ growth possible during adolescence? AUTHOR(S) Susan Campisi; Bianca Carducci; Olle Söder; Zulfiqar Bhutta Published: Innocenti Working Papers Chronic undernutrition is characterized by long-term exposure to food of insufficient quality and inadequate quantity, including restricted intake of energy, protein, fat, micronutrients, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Physiologically, in a state of chronic food insufficiency, the human body conserves energy by prioritizing essential metabolic processes resulting in impaired linear growth and delayed reproductive maturation. Consequently, height can theoretically be considered a measure of an individual’s cumulative health and nutrition. Therefore, a deviation from the ‘normal’ height relative to one’s age represents a deviation from one’s optimal growth and, potentially, the presence of other issues. Similarly, the delayed onset of puberty is another common physiological response to food insufficiency, often accompanying impaired linear growth. Chronic undernutrition can arise from chronic disease, congenital abnormalities and insufficient food intake. In this review, we will explore the hypothesis of CUG during adolescence, given the relationship between impaired linear growth and the delayed onset of puberty in children suffering from chronic undernutrition due to a lack of sufficient quality and quantity of food. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 32 | Thematic area: Adolescents | Tags: adolescents, growth rate, nutrition × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Susan Campisi; Bianca Carducci; Olle Söder; Zulfiqar Bhutta The Intricate Relationship between Chronic Undernutrition, Impaired Linear Growth and Delayed Puberty: Is ‘catch-up’ growth possible during adolescence?. , pp. 32.
Innocenti Working Papers Child Undernourishment, Wash and Policy Synergies in Tunisia: Putting Numbers Into UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework of Nutrition AUTHOR(S) Jose Cuesta; Laura Maratou-Kolias Published: 2017 Innocenti Working Papers This paper develops an econometric strategy to operationalize the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF’s) conceptual framework for nutrition, estimating the effects on child stunting that additional investments in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention packages have across population groups (poor and non-poor) and residence (urban and rural). Moving away from estimating single intervention marginal returns, the empirical framework is tested in Tunisia; a country with notable but uneven progress in child nutrition. A successful reduction of stunting will involve mapping the distinctive most effective intervention packages by residence and socioeconomic status, moving away from universal policies. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 26 | Thematic area: Social Policies | Tags: drinking water, hygiene, nutrition, sanitation × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Jose Cuesta; Laura Maratou-Kolias 2017 Child Undernourishment, Wash and Policy Synergies in Tunisia: Putting Numbers Into UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework of Nutrition. , pp. 26.
Innocenti Working Papers Comparing Child-focused SDGs in High-income Countries: Indicator development and overview AUTHOR(S) Dominic Richardson; Zlata Bruckauf; Emilia Toczydlowska; Yekaterina Chzhen Published: 2017 Innocenti Working Papers The new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aim to build on the achievements made under the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by broadening their scope and building upon a consultative process. The MDGs contributed to substantial social progress in eight key areas: poverty; education; gender equality; child mortality; maternal health; disease; the environment; and global partnership. The SDGs not only include a greater number of development goals than the MDGs, but are also global in focus, including advanced economies for the first time. This paper draws attention to the main challenges the 2030 Agenda presents for rich countries, by highlighting a set of critical child specific indicators, evaluating countries’ progress towards meeting the Goals, and highlighting gaps in existing data. The paper will inform UNICEFs Report Card 14, Building the Future: Children and the Sustainable Development Goals in Rich Countries. + - Cite this publication | Thematic area: Child well-being | Tags: developed countries, education, gender equality, health, household consumption, hunger, indicators, nutrition, poverty, SDGs, sustainable cities × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Dominic Richardson; Zlata Bruckauf; Emilia Toczydlowska; Yekaterina Chzhen 2017 Comparing Child-focused SDGs in High-income Countries: Indicator development and overview.
Innocenti Research Briefs Prevention, Protection, and Production: Evidence from the Zambian Child Grant Programme AUTHOR(S) Audrey Pereira Published: 2016 Innocenti Research Briefs The majority of cash transfers in developing countries focus on conditional cash transfers and typically include beneficiary co-responsibilities as a condition for receiving transfers, such as children’s school attendance or growth-monitoring visits. However, in sub-Saharan Africa cash transfer programmes are mostly unconditional, and have the potential to impact households across a wider range of social and productive domains. This Brief summarizes the Zambian Child Grant Programme and looks at the impacts on recipient households. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 3 | Thematic area: Social Policies | Tags: basic education, cash transfers, evaluative studies, nutrition, zambia × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Audrey Pereira 2016 Prevention, Protection, and Production: Evidence from the Zambian Child Grant Programme. , pp. 3.
Innocenti Research Briefs The Impact of Cash Transfers on Food Security AUTHOR(S) Lisa Hjelm Published: 2016 Innocenti Research Briefs Vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan African countries often face high levels of food insecurity which disproportionately affect households living in poverty and children are particularly at risk. This review of eight social cash transfer programme evaluations has shown that cash transfers have an impact on several different dimensions of food security. However, few evaluations include child-specific questions and to make stronger links between food security and nutrition status individual-level indicators are needed. Despite limitations, there is good evidence that cash transfers have a large impact on food security. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 5 | Thematic area: Child well-being, Health, Social Policies | Tags: food consumption, food expenditures, nutrition × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Lisa Hjelm 2016 The Impact of Cash Transfers on Food Security. , pp. 5.
Innocenti Publications Best of UNICEF Research 2015 Published: 2015 Innocenti Publications In addition to recognizing high quality research, the Best of UNICEF Research process aims to share findings with UNICEF colleagues and with the wider community concerned with achieving child rights. This year the competition received 99 applications With global reach, the 12 projects in the final selection cover many of the ‘traditional’ areas of UNICEF work (health, nutrition, sanitation and education), while also highlighting issues that have more recently gained prominence within the global policy agenda, such as social transfers, violence against children and school bullying, and various forms of inequality or exclusion. This publication provides summaries of these research projects, including methodology and results. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 80 | Thematic area: Child Poverty, Child Protection, Convention on the Rights of the Child | Tags: cash transfers, education, health, nutrition, research, sanitation × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION 2015 Best of UNICEF Research 2015. , pp. 80.
Innocenti Working Papers The Measurement of Food Insecurity among Children: Review of literature and concept note AUTHOR(S) Maryah S. Fram; Jennifer Bernal; Edward A. Frongillo Published: 2015 Innocenti Working Papers Child food insecurity is associated with a range of negative developmental consequences, including behaviour problems. While research shows that the phenomenon is both common and consequential, there is a lack of consistency in what is being measured and how. This results in incomplete information affecting our ability to effectively address child food insecurity, its causes and consequences. We present a review of the literature, and advocate for a global system to measure and monitor individual children’s experiences of food insecurity. The conceptual and practical challenges for developing an effective, efficient, and feasible system for global monitoring of child food insecurity are discussed and alternatives are suggested. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 32 | Thematic area: Health | Tags: child health, food consumption, food economics, food requirements, health, malnutrition, nutrition, nutrition statistics × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Maryah S. Fram; Jennifer Bernal; Edward A. Frongillo 2015 The Measurement of Food Insecurity among Children: Review of literature and concept note. , pp. 32.
Innocenti Working Papers The Impact of Social Protection on Children: A review of the literature AUTHOR(S) Marco Sanfilippo; Bruno Martorano; Chris De Neubourg Published: 2012 Innocenti Working Papers Social protection is particularly important for children, in view of their higher levels of vulnerability compared to adults, and the role that social protection can play in ensuring adequate nutrition, access to and utilization of social services. While existing evidence shows that social protection programmes successfully address several dimensions of child well-being -often in an indirect way - a move towards a more "child sensitive" approach to social protection has recently been advocated at the highest level in the international development community. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 42 | Thematic area: Child Protection, Education, Governance, Health, Social Policies | Tags: child protection, education, evaluation, health, nutrition, policy and planning, policy goals, social protection × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Marco Sanfilippo; Bruno Martorano; Chris De Neubourg 2012 The Impact of Social Protection on Children: A review of the literature. , pp. 42.
Innocenti Report Card As crianças que ficam para trás: Uma tabela classificativa da desigualdade no bem-estar das crianças nos países ricos AUTHOR(S) Peter Adamson Published: 2010 Innocenti Report Card O presente Report Card apresenta uma primeira visão global das desigualdades no bem-estar das crianças em 24 dos países mais ricos do mundo. São examinadas três dimensões da desigualdade: bem-estar material, educação e saúde. Em cada um dos casos e para cada país, a questão que se coloca é "até que ponto estão as crianças a ser deixadas para trás?" O presente relatório defende a ideia de que as crianças merecem ter o melhor começo possível, que as primeiras experiências podem lançar uma longa sombra sobre as suas vidas e que as crianças não podem ser responsabilizadas pelas circunstâncias em que nascem. Neste sentido, o parâmetro utilizado - o grau de desigualdade na base da pirâmide ao nível do bem-estar das crianças - mede os progressos que estão a ser feitos no sentido de uma sociedade mais justa. Reunindo dados relativos à maioria dos países da OCDE, o relatório tenta demonstrar quais destes países estão a deixar que as crianças fiquem para trás mais do que o necessário na educação, saúde e bem-estar material (utilizando os países com melhores desempenhos como padrão mínimo para o que pode ser alcançado). Chamando a atenção para a profundidade das disparidades reveladas, e resumindo o que se sabe sobre as suas consequências, defende-se que o "ficar para trás" é uma questão fundamental, não só para milhões de crianças na actualidade, mas também para o futuro económico e social dos seus países. + - Cite this publication | No. of pages: 36 | Thematic area: Child Poverty, Industrialized Countries | Tags: child poverty, comparative analysis, education, health, housing conditions, nutrition, policy and planning, social conditions, social indicators × COPY BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Peter Adamson 2010 As crianças que ficam para trás: Uma tabela classificativa da desigualdade no bem-estar das crianças nos países ricos. , pp. 36.