Publications

يشكل ختان الإناث انتهاكاً لحقوق الإنسان الخاصة بالنساء والفتيات. وحتى إذا لم يكن العنف هو القصد منه فهو يشكل حتما ممارسة عنيفة، ناهيك عن كونه مظهراً من مظاهر التفاوت المتجذر في المساواة بين الجنسين وكونه تمييزياً بطبيعته. إن جذور هذه الممارسة ضاربة في الفهم الثقافي لنوع الجنس والحياة الجنسية والزواج والأسرة ويؤثر ذلك الفهم في كيفية النظر إلى الختان وتقبله في السياقات المختلفة. وعلى الرغم من التفاوت عبر البلدان الخمسة الخاضعة للتحليل وداخل حدود البلد الواحد، تؤكد التجارب أن ختان الإناث في المجتمعات التي تمارسه يعتبر خطوة ضرورية لتعزيز منزلة الفتاة وحمايتها، وفي أحيان كثيرة لجعلها أكثر أهلية للزواج. يؤدي ختان الإناث دور الميثاق الاجتماعي والقاعدة الاجتماعية وهو يرتكز على توقعات متبادلة داخل تلك المجتمعات.

This study sets out to better understand the extent to which commitments made by States parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child have led to the adoption of concrete measures to improve the rights of children; the extent to which these measures have had a real impact on the lives of children; progress made so far; and the most important challenges faced and the priorities for the years ahead, based on a collective experience of 18 years of striving to implement the Convention and the social, economic, scientific and political changes that have occurred during this time.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest region in the world, the number of cash transfer programmes has doubled in the last five years and reaches close to 50 million people. What is the impact of these programmes, and do they offer a sustained pathway out of ultra-poverty? In this paper we examine these questions using experimental data from two unconditional cash transfer programmes implemented by the Government of Zambia. We find far-reaching effects of these two programmes, not just on their primary objective, food security and consumption, but also on a range of productive and economic outcomes. After three years, we observe that household spending is 59 per cent larger than the value of the transfer received, implying a sizeable multiplier effect. These multipliers work through increased non-farm business activity and agricultural production.

Funded by the Global Partnership to End Violence against Children, through its Safe Online initiative, ECPAT, INTERPOL, and UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti worked in partnership to design and implement Disrupting Harm – a research project on online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA). This unique partnership brings a multidisciplinary approach to a complex issue in order to see all sides of the problem. OCSEA refers to situations that involve digital or communication technologies at some point during the continuum of abuse or exploitation; it can occur fully online or through a mix of online and in-person interactions between offenders and children. The Disrupting Harm research was conducted in six Southeast Asian countries, including Cambodia, and seven Eastern and Southern African countries. Data was synthesised from nine different research activities to generate each national report. These tell the story of the threat and present clear recommendations for action.